(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:32:49","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-405","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":654,"namepart":"Kiwamu \"Kiyo\" Tsuchida"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr004qx15","namepart":"Tsuchida, Kiwamu"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"April 24, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kiwamu \"Kiyo\" Tsuchida narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Tsuchida, Kiwamu 88922nr004qx15","download_large":"denshovh-tkiwamu-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-175","model":"entity","index":"5 5730/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-175/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-175/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-yjames-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-yjames-01-a.jpg"},"title":"James Yamazaki Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born July 6, 1916. Grew up in the Los Angeles area, where father was a Buddhist minister. Attended medical school before World War II. During the war, served in the U.S. Army as a doctor with the 106th Infantry Division in Europe. Captured during the Battle of the Bulge and was held in several prisoner of war camps in Germany. After returning to the U.S., worked as a pediatrician for a time before moving to Japan to study the effects of the atomic bombings on children in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"04:44:15","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-175","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":194,"namepart":"James Yamazaki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Carl Wakamoto"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Van Nuys, California","creation":"February 4, 2005","status":"completed","search_hidden":"James Yamazaki narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nCarl Wakamoto videographer","download_large":"denshovh-yjames-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-102","model":"entity","index":"6 5731/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-102/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-102/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-wharvey-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-wharvey-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Harvey Watanabe Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born February 7, 1919, in Exeter, California. Spent prewar childhood in Visalia, California. Drafted prior to World War II. Served in an activated National Guard unit at Fort Lewis, Washington. When World War II broke out, he and all the other Nisei servicemen at Fort Lewis were sent inland. About twenty, Harvey included, went to Fort Hayes, Columbus, Ohio. Recruited for the Military Intelligence Service and trained at the Military Intelligence Language School at Camp Savage, Minnesota. Sent overseas to serve in the Allied Translator and Interpreter Section (ATIS) of General MacArthur's headquarters in Australia, Manila and Japan. Assisted in negotiating the surrender of Japanese troops in Manila. Managed the Dai Ichi Hotel in Tokyo for headquarters staff. Later served in the Korean War. Resettled in Seattle, Washington and worked for the Boeing Company.","extent":"01:44:06","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-102","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":103,"namepart":"Harvey Watanabe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Stacy Sakamoto"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Richard Pratt"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"November 4, 1996","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Harvey Watanabe narrator \nStacy Sakamoto interviewer \nRichard Pratt videographer","download_large":"denshovh-wharvey-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-98","model":"entity","index":"7 5732/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-98/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-98/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ushigeko-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ushigeko-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Shigeko Sese Uno Interview","description":"Nisei female born April 6, 1915, in Seattle, Washington's International District. At an early age became active in the Japanese Baptist Church. Parents owned and operated a dairy plant called White River Dairy. Was a student at the Baptist Missionary Training School in Chicago, Illinois. Took a group of young women on an eye-opening trip to Japan right before the war started. Incarcerated with her family in the Puyallup Assembly Center with a newborn baby, moving to Minidoka concentration camp before relocating to the East Coast. Returned to Seattle in 1947 and became the first Asian American and first woman to work at the Rainier Heat and Power Company, then a key property owner and landlord in the International District. She was the first woman president of the Japanese American Citizens League, and played a lead role in the redress movement.","extent":"02:30:26","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-98","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":99,"namepart":"Shigeko Sese Uno"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Beth Kawahara"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Steve Hamada"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0044d99","namepart":"Kaneda, Grayce Ritsu"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"September 18, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Shigeko Sese Uno narrator \nBeth Kawahara interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nSteve Hamada videographer Kaneda, Grayce Ritsu 88922nr0044d99","download_large":"denshovh-ushigeko-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-274","model":"entity","index":"8 5733/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-274/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-274/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hcharles-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hcharles-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Charles Oihe Hamasaki Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born October 7, 1922, in Japan, while parents were visiting family. Came to the U.S. at three months old, and grew up in Terminal Island, California. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, picked up along with Issei father and taken to Fort Lincoln (Bismarck), North Dakota. Transferred from Fort Lincoln to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, then to the Rohwer concentration camp, Arkansas. After leaving camp, worked in various places around the country before joining the Military Intelligence Service. Eventually returned to California.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"03:11:03","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-274","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":454,"namepart":"Charles Oihe Hamasaki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr003xj0d","namepart":"Hamasaki, Oihe Charles"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Culver City, California","creation":"February 24, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Charles Oihe Hamasaki narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Hamasaki, Oihe Charles 88922nr003xj0d","download_large":"denshovh-hcharles-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-119-154","model":"entity","index":"9 5734/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-119-154/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-119-154/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-154-mezzanine-c6214be461-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-154-mezzanine-c6214be461-a.jpg"},"title":"Minidoka Irrigator Vol. I No. 21 (November 25, 1942)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Poston Reign of Terror is Short-Lived\" (p. 1), \"Sprague Commends Colonists for Aiding in Harvest Work\" (p. 1), \"Forms Ready for Jobless Benefits\" (p. 1), \"No Coal Given Blocks Which Fail to Help\" (p. 1), \"Hunt Will Join in Celebration of Thanksgiving\" (p. 1), \"Editorial: Nisei, Your Move Next\" (p. 2), \"OWI's Japanese Relocation Film Short Released\" (p. 3), \"Cameras, Other Contrabands Must be Surrendered at Once\" (p. 3), \"Hunt Youth in Appeal to FDR. Seeks Helmets for Beet Topping; Hears from WRA\" (p. 3), \"East Coast Japanese Not to be Booted\" (p. 6), \"Only Six All-Nisei Married Couples in N.Y., Survey Notes\" (p. 6), \"Construction of Schools Begins Soon\" (p. 6), \"Surplus Clothing Issue is Started. Will Continue Till December 7\" (p. 10), \"Residents May Send Messages to Japan\" (p. 11).","extent":"1144W x 1977H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-119-154","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Minidoka Irrigator","id":"173"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"November 25, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-119-154-mezzanine-c6214be461-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1024-119","model":"entity","index":"10 5735/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1024-119/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1024-119/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-119-mezzanine-6650cb77fc-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-119-mezzanine-6650cb77fc-a.jpg"},"title":"Loyal American","description":"Keige Kaku was a U.S.-born citizen who served in the U.S. Army. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, he was abruptly discharged and sent to Poston. Outraged by the betrayal, Keige refused to answer the infamous “loyalty questionnaire” and was sent to Tule Lake. He ultimately renounced his citizenship and was deported to Japan, where Henry was born. The film follows Henry as he makes a pilgrimage to Tule Lake and contemplates the question: what does it mean to be a “loyal” American?\r\n\r\nSee this item in the Digital Library of the Japanese American Incarceration Films at: https://archive.org/details/ddr-densho-1024-119.","extent":"00;10;00","links_children":"ddr-densho-1024-119","creators":[{"role":"Director","namepart":"Sakaguchi, Karuka"}],"topics":[{"term":"Reflections on the past -- Camp pilgrimages","id":"81"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- Registration and the \"loyalty questionnaire\"","id":"85"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Renunciation of citizenship","id":"87"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Kaku, Keige"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"motion_picture","facility":[{"term":"Poston (Colorado River)","id":"2"},{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"2025","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Sakaguchi, Karuka Director Kaku, Keige","download_large":"ddr-densho-1024-119-mezzanine-6650cb77fc-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-356-30","model":"entity","index":"11 5736/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-356-30/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-356-30/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-356/ddr-densho-356-30-mezzanine-7e2a055383-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-356/ddr-densho-356-30-mezzanine-7e2a055383-a.jpg"},"title":"Negative strip","description":"Negative strip of four images of Richard Tsukada's trip to Japan c. 1939. Print copies of the negatives visible at ddr-densho-356-20, ddr-densho-356-23, ddr-densho-356-26, and ddr-densho-356-25. Image 1: Photograph of Richard Tsukada and his mother Hana Tsukada (Uyeda) walking in Ginza. Image 2: Photograph of Richard Tsukada (second from left), Hana Tsukada (Uyeda) (left) with Richard's cousins eating lunch on a rocky ledge. Image 3: Richard Tsukada (middle) with two relatives standing on stone steps each holding a bamboo pole. Image 4: Photograph of Richard Tsukada posing with a local.","extent":"6W x 1.375H","links_children":"ddr-densho-356-30","topics":[{"term":"Japan -- Pre-World War II","id":"163"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","location":"Tokyo, Japan; Wakayama, Japan","creation":"c. 1939","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-356-30-mezzanine-7e2a055383-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-356-32","model":"entity","index":"12 5737/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-356-32/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-356-32/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-356/ddr-densho-356-32-mezzanine-5d4e0e6d7f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-356/ddr-densho-356-32-mezzanine-5d4e0e6d7f-a.jpg"},"title":"Negative strip","description":"Negative strip of four images of Richard Tsukada's trip to Japan c. 1939. Print copies of the negatives visible at ddr-densho-356-24, ddr-densho-356-29, and ddr-densho-356-21. Images 1 & 2: Negatives of Richard Tsukada sitting a on a rock above water. Image 3: Negative of a group of 12 people on the deck of the Tokyo Tatuta Maru. Identified left to right front row: unknown, grandma Hirai. Middle row: George Hirai, Yoneo, David Hirai, unknown, Mrs. Hideo Okada, Yone Narumi, Richard Tsukada. Back row: unknown, unknown, unknown. Image 4: Negative of Richard Tsukada (left) and Michio (right) standing together outside the Tsukada family house in Tokyo.","extent":"6W x 1.375H","links_children":"ddr-densho-356-32","topics":[{"term":"Japan -- Pre-World War II","id":"163"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","location":"Tokyo, Japan; Yokohama; Japan;","creation":"c. 1939","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-356-32-mezzanine-5d4e0e6d7f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1007-1774","model":"entity","index":"13 5738/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1774/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1007-1774/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1007/ddr-densho-1007-1774-mezzanine-aaa0f998cb-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1007/ddr-densho-1007-1774-mezzanine-aaa0f998cb-a.jpg"},"title":"Interview with Don Oka, Steve Yagi, and Shigeo Ito, part 5 of 8","description":"Continued from ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1620/. Oka is on the left, Yagi in the center, and Ito on the right. Ito discusses the deaths of two Nisei on his team and the fear of being mistaken for a Japanese soldier. Oka discusses being interviewed for military intelligence at Camp Carson in Colorado, being treated differently than Caucasian soldiers, his time in basic training, being left behind at Camp Carson, and his brothers, who were in Japan during the war. Oka and Yagi briefly mention serving together during the occupation on Kyushu. Interview starts at 0:34. Loni Ding can be heard asking questions behind the camera. Original title: II LA #51, 7-26-85, Oka, Yagi, Ito V. Interview continues at ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1621/","extent":"00:20:12","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-1774","creators":[{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Ding, Loni"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Oka, Don"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Yagi, Steve"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Ito, Shigeo"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Performing arts -- Film -- Documentaries","id":"251"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Oka, Don"},{"namepart":"Yagi, Steve"},{"namepart":"Ito, Shigeo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"July 26, 1985","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ding, Loni interviewer \nOka, Don interviewee \nYagi, Steve interviewee \nIto, Shigeo interviewee Oka, Don \nYagi, Steve \nIto, Shigeo","download_large":"ddr-densho-1007-1774-mezzanine-aaa0f998cb-a.jpg"},{"id":"46","model":"narrator","index":"14 5739/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/46/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/46/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kspady.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kspady.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/46/interviews/"},"display_name":"Spady Koyama","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 4, 1917, in Ferry County, Washington. Sent to Japan at age five following father's death, returning to Spokane, Washington, in 1927. Enlisted in the U.S. Army in January 1942. Served with the Military Intelligence Service (MIS) in the Pacific Ocean theater during World War II where he was seriously injured during a kamikaze dive bomb attack. Was recalled to active duty and subsequently served both in the Korean War and Vietnam War in military intelligence, directing the U.S. Army's counterintelligence in Vietnam. Retired from service in 1970 with the rank of colonel."},{"id":"50","model":"narrator","index":"15 5740/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/50/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/50/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mwilliam.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mwilliam.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/50/interviews/"},"display_name":"William Marutani","bio":"Nisei male. Born March 31, 1923, in Kent, Washington. During World War II, was incarcerated at the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp to attend college in South Dakota, was drafted into the U.S. Army and served with the Military Intelligence Service during the postwar occupation of Japan. After military service, became an attorney and then a judge. Served as the legal counsel for the Japanese American Citizens League from 1962 to 1970. Was the only Japanese American appointed to serve on the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) during the redress movement."},{"id":"185","model":"narrator","index":"16 5741/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/185/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/185/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nmay.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nmay.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/185/interviews/"},"display_name":"May Y. Namba","bio":"Nisei female. Born May 12, 1922, in Seattle, Washington. Spent brief time in Japan as a young child, then returned to Seattle. Worked as a clerk in the Seattle School District until the onset of World War II, then was forced to resign under pressure from parent groups. Removed with family to Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Moved to Chicago after leaving camp before eventually returning to Seattle. Took part in the redress movement of the 1980s, helping to obtain redress for the Japanese American Seattle School district clerks who wrongly lost their jobs."},{"id":"320","model":"narrator","index":"17 5742/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/320/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/320/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mnorman.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mnorman.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/320/interviews/"},"display_name":"Norman Mineta","bio":"Nisei male. Born November 12, 1931, in San Jose, California. During World War II, removed to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Graduated from the University of California at Berkeley, and served in the military as an intelligence officer in Japan and Korea. Served on the San Jose City Council from 1967 to 1971, and as mayor of San Jose from 1967 to 1971. Served as U.S. Congressman from 1975 to 1995. While in Congress, was integral in the passage of H.R. 442, the Civil Liberties Act of 1988. Served as Secretary of Transportation from 2001 to 2006."},{"id":"300","model":"narrator","index":"18 5743/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/300/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/300/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mnancy.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mnancy.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/300/interviews/"},"display_name":"Nancy Sawada Miyagishima","bio":"Sansei female. Born September 17, 1930, in Sacramento, California. Spent childhood in Sacramento where mother and stepfather worked on strawberry fields. Sent to live with relatives in Fort Lupton, Colorado, after mother passed away in March 1941. Unable to return to West Coast after the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Extended family moved to Colorado during \"voluntary evacuation\" period. Stepfather and younger sister removed to Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas, where they renounced citizenship and repatriated to Japan in 1946. Attended high school in Brighton and Denver, Colorado. Married husband, Alfred Miyagishima, and worked as a dental assistant until retirement."},{"id":"242","model":"narrator","index":"19 5744/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/242/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/242/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/klarry.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/klarry.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/242/interviews/"},"display_name":"Larry \"Shorty\" Kazumura","bio":"Nisei male. Born November 7, 1920, in Mountain View, Hawaii. Grew up in Hawaii, where parents ran a sugar cane plantation. Was working hauling lumber when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Was not dismissed from work like other Japanese Americans, and was required to clean up the aftermath of the bombing. Volunteered for the army, and although under five feet tall, was able to enlist on account of a paperwork mistake. Served in Italy, and received a Bronze Star for saving the life of a fellow soldier. After discharge, married and eventually settled in Seattle, Washington."},{"id":"410","model":"narrator","index":"20 5745/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/410/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/410/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hjune.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hjune.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/410/interviews/"},"display_name":"June M. Hoshida Honma","bio":"Nisei female. Born June 23, 1936, in Hilo, Hawaii. After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, father was picked up by the FBI and detained at Sand Island internment camp, Hawaii. The rest of the family was removed to the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas, to be reunited with him. After Jerome closed, transferred to the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. Returned to Hawaii after leaving camp, where father tried to establish an appliance repair business in Hilo, which was destroyed by a tsunami in 1946. Married and moved to California. Active with the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles."},{"id":"457","model":"narrator","index":"21 5746/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/457/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/457/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mkenji.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mkenji.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/457/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kenji Maruko","bio":"Sansei male. Born December 13, 1920, in Fresno, California. Father was born in Hawaii, mother was born in Japan. Grew up in Fresno, where parents ran a successful bicycle shop and general store. During World War II, removed to the Fresno Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questions\" and was segregated to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Renounced U.S. citizenship, and was transferred to the Department of Justice camp at Santa Fe, New Mexico. Decided to remain in the U.S., and had citizenship restored. After the war, returned to Fresno."},{"id":"218","model":"narrator","index":"22 5747/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/218/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/218/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/osam.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/osam.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/218/interviews/"},"display_name":"Sam Ogo","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 1, 1919, in Millwood, Washington, where father worked for SP&S railroad. After serious injury, father quit the railroad and moved family to Spokane, Washington, where they operated numerous hotels. Sent to Japan with siblings in 1933 to attend school. Was only one in the family to return to the U.S. three years later. Brother served in a non-combat position for the Japanese navy during World War II. Operated a produce farm until the 1960s when the state purchased the land to build a freeway. Worked at Crescent Department Store until retirement."},{"id":"682","model":"narrator","index":"23 5748/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/682/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/682/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ofrances.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ofrances.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/682/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frances Ota","bio":"Nisei female. Born January 22, 1923, in Wilsonville, Oregon. Taken to Japan to live with family for a few years before the outbreak of World War II. Returned alone to Oregon to join sister at age sixteen with the help of a white benefactor. Removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, but then left immediately to live and work at a farm labor camp and attend school with the help of the benefactor. Volunteered for military service and served with the medical corps. Lived in Salt Lake City for a time before eventually returning to Oregon."},{"id":"968","model":"narrator","index":"24 5749/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/968/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/968/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1021-7_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1021-7_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/968/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yuriko Furubayashi","bio":"Yuriko Furubayashi was born January 20, 1927, in Waimea, Hawai'i, as one of the ten children of the family. Her father had come to Hawai'i from Hiroshima in the mid-1910s as a contract worker on a pineapple plantation. He grew vegetables and kept chickens around the house to help feed the family. Her mother cooked Japanese food only in part because meat was hard to come by. Many of their co-workers on the plantation were Japanese, and Yuriko used to go to the after-school school at Hongan-ji with these co-workers' children. Her peers at the public school included Filipinos, Chinese, Polynesians, Portuguese, and Haoles. When she was ten years old, her uncle and aunt in Los Angeles, who had been successful owners of Olympic Hotel, took her to Japan. They were childless, so their plan was to make Yuriko the family's heir. Yuriko quickly adjusted to the life in Japan and graduated from high school. She was working in an airplane factory when the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. Although she was not injured, she was irradiated because she walked through the city on the day after to look for her aunt and uncle. The entire city was still on fire. She saw many corpses and people with severe nuclear burns. She lost one of her uncles to the bomb. She also visited her friend working at an orphanage, and was struck by how many children had lost their parents to the bomb. In 1948, she went to Hawai'i to see her parents, thanks to the arrangement made by her brother who had come to Japan as part of the US occupation force. She decided that she did not want to go back to Hiroshima where memories of the destruction \"depressed\" her. She studied to regain her English and worked at her sister's bakery near Kahoku. She married a baker, and they became successful owners of another bakery named after their oldest son. Yuriko was somewhat worried about radiation effect when she was pregnant with her first child. She gained hibakusha techo (certificate of survivorhood) issued by the Japanese government in the 1960s. She also regularly attends the biannual health checkups conducted by Japanese physicians for American survivors."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Japan","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}