{"total":5887,"limit":25,"offset":5700,"prev_offset":5675,"next_offset":5725,"page_size":25,"this_page":229,"num_this_page":25,"prev_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=Japan&limit=25&offset=5675","next_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=Japan&limit=25&offset=5725","objects":[{"id":"945","model":"narrator","index":"0 5700/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/945/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/945/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-chi-1-12_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-chi-1-12_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/945/interviews/"},"display_name":"Fumino Tsuchiya-Knox","bio":"Sansei female. Born February 20, 1945, at the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Prior to the war, her father, an Issei, was a curator at the Harding Museum in Chicago. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, her parents decided to volunteer to go early to Manzanar to help set up the camp. After leaving Manzanar, the family lived in California and then moved to Japan, where father worked for the U.S. Navy translating for the war crimes trials. They returned to Los Angeles where Fumino grew up."},{"id":"785","model":"narrator","index":"1 5701/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/785/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/785/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ngiro.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ngiro.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/785/interviews/"},"display_name":"Giro Nakagawa","bio":"Nisei male. Born March 13, 1921, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Kent, Washington, where parents ran a farm. In the 1930s, moved to South Bend, Washington, to work for the New Washington Oyster Company. During World War II, removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and soon left to work on farms in Utah for the Amalgamated Sugar Company. Drafted into the military and served with the Counterintelligence Corps in Japan during the U.S. occupation. After returning home, reestablished the oyster farm in South Bend."},{"id":"76","model":"narrator","index":"2 5702/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/76/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/76/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nchizuko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nchizuko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/76/interviews/"},"display_name":"Chizuko Norton","bio":"Nisei female. Born July 3, 1924, in Seattle, Washington. Spent prewar childhood in Japan; Bellevue, Washington; and Kirkland, Washington. Incarcerated at Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Returned to Seattle after the war, obtained master's degree from the University of Washington in the field of social work. Founded Seattle's first alternative school program for the Seattle Public Schools and cofounded the Separation and Loss Institute. One of the first Nisei in a biracial marriage. Discusses impact of incarceration on Japanese American health and cultural identity."},{"id":"82","model":"narrator","index":"3 5703/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/82/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/82/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sshosuke.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sshosuke.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/82/interviews/"},"display_name":"Shosuke Sasaki","bio":"Issei male. Born March 26, 1912, in Yamaguchi-ken, Japan. Immigrated to United States in 1919. Lived in Pomeroy, Washington, and Seattle, Washington, before World War II. Incarcerated at the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Resettled in New York. As a member of the Newspaper Guild, led effort to eliminate pejorative use of \"Jap\" in newspapers. Was a strong critic of the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL). After moving to Seattle, was active in formulating the \"Seattle Plan\" for redress in the early 1970s."},{"id":"194","model":"narrator","index":"4 5704/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/194/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/194/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yjames.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yjames.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/194/interviews/"},"display_name":"James Yamazaki","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 6, 1916. Grew up in the Los Angeles area, where father was a Buddhist minister. Attended medical school before World War II. During the war, served in the U.S. Army as a doctor with the 106th Infantry Division in Europe. Captured during the Battle of the Bulge and was held in several prisoner of war camps in Germany. After returning to the U.S., worked as a pediatrician for a time before moving to Japan to study the effects of the atomic bombings on children in Hiroshima and Nagasaki."},{"id":"400","model":"narrator","index":"5 5705/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/400/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/400/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/myoshimi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/myoshimi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/400/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yoshimi Matsuura","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 3, 1918, in Fowler, California. Grew up in Fowler, eventually running family's farm prior to World War II. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, married and was removed to the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. Left camp for Minneapolis, Minnesota, to join the National Youth Administration (NYA) for training. Upon arrival, was informed that the Japanese Americans' enrollment in the program had been terminated. Drafted into military service and served with the Military Intelligence Service in the Philippines and Japan. Returned and settled permanently in Minneapolis."},{"id":"422","model":"narrator","index":"6 5706/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/422/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/422/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tkaz.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tkaz.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/422/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kaz T. Tanemura","bio":"Male, Issei-han. Born April 27, 1928, in Japan. As an infant, came to the U.S. where parents had previously immigrated. Family ran a hotel in Seattle's Pioneer Square neighborhood. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, returned to Seattle, finished high school, and attended the University of Washington. Drafted into the military, and assigned to serve overseas as a high-ranked engineer. After military discharge, returned to Seattle and worked in management at The Boeing Company."},{"id":"451","model":"narrator","index":"7 5707/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/451/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/451/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hfrank.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hfrank.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/451/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank H. Hirata","bio":"Kibei-Nisei male. Born November 19, 1925, in Spokane, Washington. At the age of ten, went to Japan with grandfather. During World War II, was conscripted into the Japanese army, and was still in training when the war ended. After the war, continued education, graduating from Kyoto University with a law degree. Got married in 1957 and returned to the United States. Became involved in the fight to save Los Angeles' Little Tokyo from further encroachment from City Hall. Worked in public relations for Bank of Tokyo, which later became Union Bank."},{"id":"619","model":"narrator","index":"8 5708/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/619/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/619/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kyukio.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kyukio.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/619/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yukio Kawaratani","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 30, 1031, in San Juan Capistrano, California. Grew up in various places in California. During World War II, was removed with family to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. While in Poston, family signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and was transferred to Tule Lake. Father and two older brothers renounced their U.S. citizenship and were eventually expatriated to Japan. The rest of the family returned to California after leaving camp. Mr. Kawaratani established a successful career as an urban planner with the Los Angeles Community Redevelopment Agency."},{"id":"664","model":"narrator","index":"9 5709/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/664/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/664/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/swarren.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/swarren.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/664/interviews/"},"display_name":"Warren Koichi Suzuki","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 27, 1921, in Seattle, Washington. At age ten, was sent to Japan to live and attend school. Returned to Seattle prior to World War II. During the war, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Answered \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and was transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, returned to Seattle and lived with then wife and child in a hostel located in Seattle's Japanese language school. Established a postwar career with the City of Seattle."},{"id":"1016","model":"narrator","index":"10 5710/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1016/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1016/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-525_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-525_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1016/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mike Murase","bio":"Sansei male. Born January 25, 1947, in Tsuyama, Okayama, Japan. Moved to the U.S. with family at age nine and grew up in Los Angeles, California. Graduated from UCLA and was involved in a number of civil rights movements and organizations. One of the founders of Gidra, the groundbreaking Asian American publication. Worked for both of Jesse Jackson's presidential campaigns and then became district director for Congresswoman Maxine Waters. Co-founded the UCLA Asian American Studies Center and the Little Tokyo Service Center, and was also active in numerous community social service and activist organizations."},{"id":"1065","model":"narrator","index":"11 5711/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1065/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1065/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-13_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-13_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1065/interviews/"},"display_name":"Hiroshi Uyehara","bio":"Nisei male. Born January 1, 1916, in Oakland, California. Grew up in the Los Angeles area where father started a fish cake factory. Attended UCLA and UC Berkeley and then worked as an electrical draftsman for the Department of Water and Power for the City of Los Angeles. After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, discharged from civil service job. Removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Rohwer concentration camp, Arkansas. Left camp and moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and established a career with the Westinghouse Electric Corporation in Lester, Pennsylvania."},{"id":"1067","model":"narrator","index":"12 5712/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1067/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1067/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-16_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-16_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1067/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Oye","bio":"Kibei male. Born 1915 in Florin, California. From age seven to seventeen, lived in Japan when the family decided to move there. Returned to the United States in 1932 and attended school. Accepted into the California civil services, but was fired after World War II began. During the war, removed to the Fresno Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Left camp with sister and her husband and found a job at the University of Pennsylvania. Eventually spent career working for the American Friends Service Committee."},{"id":"ddr-one-5-238","model":"entity","index":"13 5713/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-238/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-238/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-238-mezzanine-3af534c9d4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-238-mezzanine-3af534c9d4-a.jpg"},"title":"Typed and notarized letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 11 of 13.","description":"Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case. Mrs. Koyama then goes on about her faith and that of her husband's. In both of their cases, they say that their incarceration has helped them to become better Christians. She also talks about her declining health and how much she fears passing away while her husband is still interned elsewhere. While she is now able to work a little bit to bring in money for the family, she's had to spend months recovering. She and her kids were twice offered a chance to go to Japan, but refused, finding the offer insulting. Mrs. Koyama fears that the kids are losing morale, though her son keeps busy with Boy Scouts and her daughters with the church involvement.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-238","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Teru"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"Idaho","id":"491"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"},{"term":"Portland","id":"12"}],"creation":"11/29/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author Koyama, Teru \nKoyama, Keizaburo \nEnnis, Edward J. \nFederal Bureau of Investigation","download_large":"ddr-one-5-238-mezzanine-3af534c9d4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-230","model":"entity","index":"14 5714/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-230/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-230/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-230-mezzanine-b55d52e89b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-230-mezzanine-b55d52e89b-a.jpg"},"title":"Typed and notarized letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 3 of 13.","description":"Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case. On the third page, Teru continues to explain her husband's involvement in the Nihonjin-Kai. She said before she was interned, she received a stack of letters addressed to her husband that the FBI had confiscated and later marked \"OK.\" They were letters of gratitude from Japan from people that her husband had assisted. In February of 1942, she was visited by an acquaintance of her husband. He mentioned that members of the Sokoku-kai were rounded up that morning. As her husband received their newsletter, she asked about the organization. The acquaintance said it was for extreme Japanese nationalists and was headed by Mitsuru Toyama. Mrs. Koyama said her husband often threw away his copy unread and unopened.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-230","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Teru"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"},{"namepart":"War Relocation Authority"},{"namepart":"Sokoku Kai"},{"namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Japan","id":"108"},{"term":"Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"Idaho","id":"491"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"11/29/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author Koyama, Teru \nKoyama, Keizaburo \nFederal Bureau of Investigation \nWar Relocation Authority \nSokoku Kai \nEnnis, Edward J.","download_large":"ddr-one-5-230-mezzanine-b55d52e89b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-29-5","model":"entity","index":"15 5715/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-29-5/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-29-5/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-5-mezzanine-60452582cc-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-5-mezzanine-60452582cc-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 44, No. 5 (February 1, 1957)","description":"Selected article titles: \"JACL's seven point legislative program for 85th Congress bard Larger quotas for Japan, speed up on claims program among JACL objectives\" (p. 1); \"Race Discrimination report submitted to Washington Governor\" (p.1); \"Protest against Dr. Sammy Lee moving to Santa Ana change to welcome signs\" (p. 1); \"Nisei killed in air crash over school\" (p.1); \"Ex-Tule Lack renuciant restored U.S. citizenship\" (p. 2); \"Tokyo prosecutor indicts Cappy Harada on alleged foreign exchange law violation\" (p. 2); \"Orange County housing discrimination\" (p. 3); \"Dr. Sammy Lee main speaker for O.C. CL installation\" (p. 5); \"First Jr. JACL district convention to be hosted by Sacramento Feb. 3\" (p. 7); \"California legislators introduce civil rights bills; FEPC measure passage in House anticipated\" (p. 8); JACL to file statement supporting civil rights measure in Congress\" (p. 8).","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-29-5","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil liberties","id":"233"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Community activities -- Conventions and conferences","id":"299"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Korean American identity","id":"458"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Sansei","id":"338"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Law and legislation","id":"340"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"02/01/1957","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-29-5-mezzanine-60452582cc-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-29-18","model":"entity","index":"16 5716/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-29-18/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-29-18/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-18-mezzanine-68660d5064-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-18-mezzanine-68660d5064-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 44, No. 18 (May 3, 1957)","description":"Select article titles: \"Congressional hearings end on use of temporary Japanese farm labor\" (p. 1); \"Congressmen to support JACL Nat'l TV protest\" (p. 1); \"Active Chicagoan Mike Hagiwara dies unexpectedly\" (p. 1); \"Denver TV stations promis no showing of anti-Nisei films\" (p. 1); \"Parents of grade school pupils urged to protest use of 'Firelight Reader'\" (p. 1); \"CL participate in interculture fete\" (p. 2); \"Model UN assembly of Utah studets see Japanese consul-general present flag\" (p. 3); \"Sansei UC co-ed wins campus post\" (p. 3); \"Orange County JACL proposes organized effort for building community center\" (p. 4); \"Fans at Famed Kentucky Derby to see Jockey George Taniguchi Ride\" (p. 6); \"Calif. farm wages top national average\" (p. 8); \"Japan Will Not Seek Treaty For Temporary Farm Labor Program\" (p. 8); \"Deny charge foreign labor displaces domestic\" (p. 8)","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-29-18","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Protests, rallies, or marches","id":"452"},{"term":"Arts and literature -- Performing arts -- Music","id":"183"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Colorado -- Denver","id":"276"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Community activities -- Sports","id":"24"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Sansei","id":"338"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Anti-immigration sentiment","id":"178"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture","id":"6"},{"term":"Japan -- Government and politics","id":"376"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Stereotypes","id":"161"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"05/03/1957","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-29-18-mezzanine-68660d5064-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-40-22","model":"entity","index":"17 5717/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-40-22/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-40-22/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-40/ddr-pc-40-22-mezzanine-bbe36ba34a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-40/ddr-pc-40-22-mezzanine-bbe36ba34a-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 66, No. 22 (May 31, 1968)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Equal housing opportunities in Washington state boosted\" (p. 1), \"Fr. Tibesar recalls JACL meeting day after Pearl Harbor incident\" (p. 1), \"TV writer still complains of JACL protest. Admits no Nisei has sold American secrets to Japan in wartime\" (p. 1), \"Cultural pluralism fits America than melting pot idea\" (p. 1), \"Inouye warns of long, difficult Paris meetings. Bloodshed in Vietnam to continue despite peace negotiations\" (p. 2), \"Japanese culture exploding on U.S. campus\" (p. 3), \"Are the Sansei in America fully accepted\" (p. 4), \"3 timely events of '68 pertain to civil rights\" (p. 4), \"Nisei must address its own racism\" (p. 5), \"New threats to civil rights seen in Sale Streets and Crime Control bill\" (p. 6), \"Hawaiians to vote for constitutional convention delegates; state reapportionment is main reason\" (p. 8).","extent":"15W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-40-22","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"Vietnam War","id":"468"},{"term":"Community activities -- Sports -- Boxing","id":"317"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics -- Hawaiian statehood -- Constitutional convention","id":"237"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Enomoto, Jerry"},{"namepart":"Hayasaka, Philip"},{"namepart":"Tibesar, Leopold"},{"namepart":"Abiko, Yas"},{"namepart":"Nikaido, Roger"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry K."},{"namepart":"Marutani, Bill"},{"namepart":"Eto, Robin"},{"namepart":"Hayashi, Don"},{"namepart":"Hotta, Yosh"},{"namepart":"Matsui Jeffrey"},{"namepart":"Kumamoto, Alan"},{"namepart":"Machida, Dennis"},{"namepart":"Ishimoto, Paul"},{"namepart":"Ishimoto, Norman"},{"namepart":"Murayama, Tamotsu"},{"namepart":"Beekman, Allan"},{"namepart":"Gima, Richard"},{"namepart":"Satoda, Yone"},{"namepart":"Okada, Noriaki"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"May 31, 1968","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher Enomoto, Jerry \nHayasaka, Philip \nTibesar, Leopold \nAbiko, Yas \nNikaido, Roger \nHosokawa, Bill \nHonda, Harry K. \nMarutani, Bill \nEto, Robin \nHayashi, Don \nHotta, Yosh \nMatsui Jeffrey \nKumamoto, Alan \nMachida, Dennis \nIshimoto, Paul \nIshimoto, Norman \nMurayama, Tamotsu \nBeekman, Allan \nGima, Richard \nSatoda, Yone \nOkada, Noriaki","download_large":"ddr-pc-40-22-mezzanine-bbe36ba34a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-42-50","model":"entity","index":"18 5718/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-42-50/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-42-50/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-42/ddr-pc-42-50-mezzanine-3d3e2b8c66-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-42/ddr-pc-42-50-mezzanine-3d3e2b8c66-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 71, No. 25 (December 18, 1970)","description":"Selected article titles: \"East Coast history of Japanese to be distinctive contribution\" (p. 1), \"National Constitution Japanese American Citizens League\" (p. 2), \"JACL chapter presidents\" (p. 4), \"JACL Bowling Tournament Champions\" (p. 7), \"The JACL Story: For Better Americans in a Greater America\" (p. 9), \"Heart Mountain WRA Camp residents sound off before a Dies Committee investigator\" (p. 13), \"Genesis of Pearl Harbor Attack\" (p. 25), \"Japan trip enhances need of Sansei to seek an Asian American identity\" (p. 37), \"Selected Bibliography Japanese in the United States\" (p. 49).\r\n\r\nThe holiday issue included advertisements bought by JACL members and chapters that included personal addresses and phone numbers to better foster communications between Japanese American communities. These addresses and phone numbers have been redacted to help protect the privacy of Japanese American communities. Please contact Densho to request the original version.","extent":"15W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-42-50","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Uno, Raymond"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Mike"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Beekman, Alan"},{"namepart":"Satow, Masao"},{"namepart":"Takei, George"},{"namepart":"Yoshida, Barbara"},{"namepart":"Maeda, Wayne"},{"namepart":"Hamanaka, Joe"},{"namepart":"Henry, Jim"},{"namepart":"Takasugi, Robert"},{"namepart":"Sakai, Ellen"},{"namepart":"Kano, Hiram"}],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"December 18, 1970","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League author Uno, Raymond \nMasaoka, Mike \nHosokawa, Bill \nBeekman, Alan \nSatow, Masao \nTakei, George \nYoshida, Barbara \nMaeda, Wayne \nHamanaka, Joe \nHenry, Jim \nTakasugi, Robert \nSakai, Ellen \nKano, Hiram","download_large":"ddr-pc-42-50-mezzanine-3d3e2b8c66-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-42-6","model":"entity","index":"19 5719/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-42-6/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-42-6/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-42/ddr-pc-42-6-mezzanine-902d070e38-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-42/ddr-pc-42-6-mezzanine-902d070e38-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 70, No. 6 (February 13, 1970)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Japan team to bowl in nat'l JACL tourney\" (p. 1), \"Sansei helped design little computer aboard Apollo 11-first to land on moon\" (p. 1), \"Gov. Reagan in Support of Title II Repeal\" (p. 1), \"Japanese and Indian claims methods against U.S. compared\" (p. 1), \"Chicago steps up convention planning\" (p. 1), \"Issue call for names due Biennium awards\" (p. 1), \"Drug abuse among Asian Americans in L.A. 'alarming\" (p. 1), \"Kashiwa first Nisei representing U.S. gov't before Supreme Court bench\" (p. 1), \"Human rights of man in uniform conference topic\" (p. 2), \"Patsy Mink's amendment to protect academic freedom only one to survive\" (p. 2), \"120 national organizations endorse repeal of Title II\" (p. 4), \"'Nisei' a real contribution to troubled U.S.\" (p. 6), \"Gordon K. Hirabayashi: The Man Behind a Famous Court Case\" (p. 8).","extent":"15W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-42-6","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Enomoto, Jerry"},{"namepart":"Harano, Allen"},{"namepart":"Kashiwa, Shiro"},{"namepart":"Katagiri, George"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Mike"},{"namepart":"Mink, Patsy"},{"namepart":"Nakano, May"},{"namepart":"Chambers, Fran"},{"namepart":"Gosho, Hank"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Kodama, Anne"},{"namepart":"Sano, Tosh"},{"namepart":"Fukutaki, Kimi"},{"namepart":"Dohzen, Patti"},{"namepart":"Sano, Roy"},{"namepart":"Hamanaka, Joe"},{"namepart":"Gima, Dick"},{"namepart":"Gima, Richard"},{"namepart":"Beekman, Allan"},{"namepart":"Hirabayashi, Gordon K."}],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"February 13, 1970","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League author Enomoto, Jerry \nHarano, Allen \nKashiwa, Shiro \nKatagiri, George \nMasaoka, Mike \nMink, Patsy \nNakano, May \nChambers, Fran \nGosho, Hank \nHosokawa, Bill \nKodama, Anne \nSano, Tosh \nFukutaki, Kimi \nDohzen, Patti \nSano, Roy \nHamanaka, Joe \nGima, Dick \nGima, Richard \nBeekman, Allan \nHirabayashi, Gordon K.","download_large":"ddr-pc-42-6-mezzanine-902d070e38-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-21","model":"entity","index":"20 5720/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-21/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-21/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-21-mezzanine-b12690c4c8-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-21-mezzanine-b12690c4c8-a.jpg"},"title":"Mess hall at Civilian Conservation Corps Camp","description":"Photographed is a mess hall at Civilian Conservation Corps Camp, Rupert, Idaho. Includes George Nobuo Naohara. The caption reads: The mess hall of C.C.C. Camp [Civilian Conservation Corps Camp] was well furnished with good kitchen appliances and tools. I was raised in Japan and did not know how to operate or use them, but I was able to figure it out. Senior people and the experienced people taught me how to cook. I was impressed by the facilities in America and admired the advanced lifestyle which was totally different from that of Issei strawberry pickers. [In Japanese]. Title from caption. A photo from \"George Naohara photo album\" (csudh_nao_0001), page 4. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/15693\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nao_01_04_002</a>","extent":"black and white, 6.5 x 5.5 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-21","topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Kibei","id":"45"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Work leave","id":"103"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Idaho","id":"491"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture -- Farming","id":"345"}],"format":"img","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Rupert, Idaho","creation":"1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-21-mezzanine-b12690c4c8-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-19-3","model":"entity","index":"21 5721/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-19-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-19-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-19/ddr-csujad-19-3-mezzanine-d9d38ce84e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-19/ddr-csujad-19-3-mezzanine-d9d38ce84e-a.jpg"},"title":"Excerpts from speech given at the University of Hawaii Forum, March 1943","description":"Excerpts from speech given at the University of Hawaii Forum, March 1943. The document presents three quoted passages from the speech, one concerning the role of people of \"the Japanese race\" in serving as liaisons who can provide the most reliable check on the morale, needs, and activities of \"the Japanese community\"; one comparing the United States's actions to \"give one of the enemy race a fair cha[n]ce to prove himself,\" as in Hawaii, to actions Himmler or Rosenberg would have undertaken; and one distinguishing \"Japan and her people\" from \"Americans of Japanese blood,\" saying that \"until they prove ... traitorous, they should be treated as Americans.\" See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/8396\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WRA_02-15_01</a>","extent":"1 page, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-19-3","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Fielder, Kendall J. (Kendall Jordan), 1893-1981"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Hawai'i","id":"277"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Cross-racial relations","id":"38"},{"term":"World War II -- Propaganda -- U.S. government propaganda","id":"170"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Northridge. University Library. Special Collections & Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Hawaii","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fielder, Kendall J. (Kendall Jordan), 1893-1981 author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-19-3-mezzanine-d9d38ce84e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-459","model":"entity","index":"22 5722/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-459/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-459/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-459-mezzanine-4750fc137c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-459-mezzanine-4750fc137c-a.jpg"},"title":"Geo testing the jeep","description":"Photographed is George Nobuo Naohara riding on a jeep. The English caption reads: Geo testing the jeep. It turned out to be usuable [usable]. Translation of the Japanese caption: I tried the jeep which Sasaki-kun found. I thought it could be usable. Asakura-kun used it for his work. He ordered gasoline periodically and added 2 1/4 ton of gasoline for other G-2's cars. I was assigned to a driver task and drove to G-2 Headquarter every night to submit reports to Capt. Meimo. Title from caption. The Item from: George Naohara scrapbook: Korean War and before leaving Japan (csudh_nao_0600). See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/35199\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nao_04_035_004</a>","extent":"black and white, 4 x 4 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-459","topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Kibei","id":"45"},{"term":"Korean War","id":"466"},{"term":"Military service","id":"296"}],"format":"img","contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"South Korea","creation":"1950-1951","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-459-mezzanine-4750fc137c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-5-256","model":"entity","index":"23 5723/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-5-256/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-5-256/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-256-mezzanine-6acafd780e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-256-mezzanine-6acafd780e-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Jokichi Yamanaka to Mr. S. Okine, May 17, 1948 [in Japanese]","description":"A letter from Jokichi Yamanaka in Hiroshima, Japan to his brother-in-law, Seiichi Okine. He thanks the Okines for the letter, the tobacco, and ajinomoto brought by the Nakano family. He also thanks Hatsuno Hotty Befu for the gifts. He informs that his daughter, Fumiko, has left for the U.S., but it is not clear when he is going to be permitted to return. The letter is resealed with the tape, \"OPENED BY MIL. CEN. CIVIL MAILS,\" and stamped with \"C.C.D. J-2967\" by the Civil Censorship Detachment. The arrival date of the letter, June 14, and replied date, 22, are recorded on the backside of the envelope. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/6817\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">oki_02_86_001</a>","extent":"1 page, 8.25 x 13 inches, handwritten; 1 envelope","links_children":"ddr-csujad-5-256","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Yamanaka, Jokichi"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- The journey","id":"3"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hiroshima, Japan","creation":"5/17/1948","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yamanaka, Jokichi author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-5-256-mezzanine-6acafd780e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-5-275","model":"entity","index":"24 5724/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-5-275/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-5-275/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-275-mezzanine-9e2bf17674-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-275-mezzanine-9e2bf17674-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Miyuki [Matsuura] to Mr. and Mrs. S. Okine, July 12, 1952 [in Japanese]","description":"A letter from Miyuki Matsuura to her uncle and aunt, Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine. She updates on her crops, picking strawberries, and her fears that the recent cold weather would delay the growth of garlic. She also updates on Mr. Freitas's wedding gift that Seiichi Okine asked her to prepare. She bought a large plate and salad bowl in the same pattern, which she found at a discount in Whittier, California. They are made in Italy and good quality. Including a card, the total costs 7 dollars 86 cents. She also writes about her father, Jokichi Yamanaka, who is traveling in Japan and is going back home to Hiroshima in a week. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/13560\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">oki_03_10_001</a>","extent":"1 page, 8 x 10 inches, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-5-275","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Matsuura, Miyuki"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Community activities -- Weddings","id":"28"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"San Juan Bautista, California","creation":"7/12/1952","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Matsuura, Miyuki author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-5-275-mezzanine-9e2bf17674-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Japan","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}