{"total":5887,"limit":25,"offset":4400,"prev_offset":4375,"next_offset":4425,"page_size":25,"this_page":177,"num_this_page":25,"prev_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=Japan&limit=25&offset=4375","next_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=Japan&limit=25&offset=4425","objects":[{"id":"ddr-njpa-4-831","model":"entity","index":"0 4400/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-4-831/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-4-831/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-831-master-fd6cb49f85-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-831-master-fd6cb49f85-a.jpg"},"title":"Otohiko Matsukata waving at Tokyo Station","description":"Caption on reverse [translation]: \"Japan-America goodwill mission representative Otohiko Matsukata arrived in America. To move past the diplomatic crisis of 1935-1936, Foreign Minister Hirota is preparing to mend friendship between Japan and America. As one part of this plan, the ambassador to America and others suggested Hirota send Otohiko Matsukata, who graduated from Harvard University with President Roosevelt and had a close relationship with the President, who still asks after him sometimes, to America. Kentaro Kaneko, who has power in American diplomatic circles, also urged the Foreign Minister [?] to send Matsukata to America. Matsukata, who has been lying low in Hayama for seven years since the economic panic of 1927, left for America on the 12th on the Esha-go, which departed from Yokohama Bay. The picture shows (1) Mr. Matsukata at Tokyo Station.\"","extent":"1.5W x 2H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-4-831","format":"img","language":["jpn"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Matsukata, Otohiko"}],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Tokyo, Japan","creation":"c. 1934","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Matsukata, Otohiko","download_large":"ddr-njpa-4-831-master-fd6cb49f85-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-19-29","model":"entity","index":"1 4401/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-19-29/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-19-29/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-19/ddr-pc-19-29-mezzanine-67c6ea2ca9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-19/ddr-pc-19-29-mezzanine-67c6ea2ca9-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 25 No. 2 (July 19, 1947)","description":"Selected article titles: \"House Committee Clears Way For Debate, Vote This Week On Evacuee Claims Proposal\" (p. 1), \"Senate Passes Amendment to Soldier Brides Act. Will Permit Entry Into U.S. of 'Ineligible Alien' Spouses of American Servicemen\" (p. 1), \"JACL Committee in Japan Discusses Assistance to Nisei\" (p. 1), \"Real Estate Operator's Plan For Exclusion of Minorities Condemned by Civic Leaders\" (p. 2), \"War Department Aide Denies Rumor of Possible Seizure of Assets of Japan Nationals\" (p. 2), \"Illinois Firm Freezes Supply of Soy Sauce. Unable to Account For Presence of Arsenic in Product\" (p. 2), \"Source of Arsenic Poison Remains Mystery as Stocks Quarantined By Authorities\" (p. 3), \"Integration or Assimilation? Dilemma for the Nisei\" (p. 5), \"Survivors of Hiroshima Atom Blast Return to Seattle Home\" (p. 6), \"Hawaii Strike Issues Will Be Resubmitted to Negotiation\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-19-29","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"July 19, 1947","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-19-29-mezzanine-67c6ea2ca9-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-29-15","model":"entity","index":"2 4402/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-29-15/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-29-15/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-15-mezzanine-d06baf91dd-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-15-mezzanine-d06baf91dd-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 44, No. 15 (April 12, 1957)","description":"Select article titles: \"CL renews Hawaii statehood plea: Far East aspect of U.S. foreign policy would be strengthened by admission\" (p. 1); Canadian Nisei patato grower protest dumping of U.S. spud surplus in Canada\" (p. 1); \"100 Million in Japan by '64 May 'Blow off Roof'\" (p. 2); \"San Jose-Okayama become sister cities\" (p. 2); \"Jefferson Blvd. Rezoning flight briskly stopped at city hall\" (p. 3); \"Dilemma of Nisei parents subject of next Chicago series\" (p. 4); \"Nisei scientist reports discovery of virus leading to loss of eyesight\" (p. 6); \"JACL representation made for return of wartime sequestrated property; Senate reminded $65 million involves Japanes\" (p. 8); \"Kishi visit of U.S. planned June 19-21\" (p. 8); \"First Nisei applicant for Canada financee aid told\" (p. 8); \"Three Japanese named to Japan-American Society board of directors in D.C.\" (p. 8)","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-29-15","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics -- Hawaiian statehood","id":"236"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Jose","id":"274"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Hawai'i","id":"277"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture -- Farming","id":"345"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Journalism","id":"360"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Medicine","id":"364"},{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"Japanese Canadians","id":"200"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Redress and reparations","id":"110"},{"term":"Redress and reparations -- Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) -- Lobbying and implementation of findings and recommendations","id":"115"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"04/12/1957","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-29-15-mezzanine-d06baf91dd-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-28-49","model":"entity","index":"3 4403/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-28-49/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-28-49/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-49-mezzanine-1b6eba3bd1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-49-mezzanine-1b6eba3bd1-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 43, No. 23 (December 7, 1956)","description":"Selected article titles: \"FBI chief tells personal stand on evacuation\" (p. 1), \"Saturday evening post editorial fears strong Nisei tie with Japan\" (p. 1), \"Delegate-elect Burns names Nisei to be administrative ass't in D.C.\" (p. 1), \"Evacuation claims award procedure explained by gov't\" (p. 1), \"100th Infantry veterans urge immediate statehood for Hawaii\" (p. 2), \"Telling 'Nisei story' before civic, church groups best public relations act\" (p. 3), \"Memorial for American who helped mold future of Hokkaido planned\" (p. 3), \"Nagamatsu of Sanger elected CCDC chairman, mass installation held\" (p. 5), \"Narcotics enforcement officer recalls only one case of Japanese addict in state\" (p. 5), \"Gilroy Hot Springs case draws comments from Minnesota editor, moral issue method\" (p. 6), \"Hillings favors boost in Japanese refugee quota\" (p. 8), \"L.A. Nisei Republicans urge U.S. admit separated family kin from Japan\" (p. 8).","extent":"11.5W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-28-49","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics -- Hawaiian statehood","id":"236"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Ohki, Ed"},{"namepart":"Wada, Yuri"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Iseri, Mat"},{"namepart":"Murayama, Tamotsu"},{"namepart":"Miyake, Michael M."},{"namepart":"Tajiri, Larry S."},{"namepart":"Antoku, Yoshitaro"},{"namepart":"Kadowaki, Joe"},{"namepart":"Kawamorita, Eiji J."},{"namepart":"Satow, Masao"},{"namepart":"Yamasaki, Mas"},{"namepart":"Sakahara, Dan"},{"namepart":"Tamura, George"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry"},{"namepart":"Toyama, Thomas"},{"namepart":"Nagamatsu, Tom"},{"namepart":"Miyano, Lily"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Elmer"},{"namepart":"Kajikawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Chikuma, Bill"},{"namepart":"Mori, Henry"},{"namepart":"Maruyama, Mike M."},{"namepart":"Nishikawa, Roy"}],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"December 7, 1956","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League author Ohki, Ed \nWada, Yuri \nHosokawa, Bill \nIseri, Mat \nMurayama, Tamotsu \nMiyake, Michael M. \nTajiri, Larry S. \nAntoku, Yoshitaro \nKadowaki, Joe \nKawamorita, Eiji J. \nSatow, Masao \nYamasaki, Mas \nSakahara, Dan \nTamura, George \nHonda, Harry \nToyama, Thomas \nNagamatsu, Tom \nMiyano, Lily \nOgawa, Elmer \nKajikawa, Bill \nChikuma, Bill \nMori, Henry \nMaruyama, Mike M. \nNishikawa, Roy","download_large":"ddr-pc-28-49-mezzanine-1b6eba3bd1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-5-253","model":"entity","index":"4 4404/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-5-253/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-5-253/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-253-mezzanine-934939e48b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-253-mezzanine-934939e48b-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Natsue Okine to Seiichi Okine, May 6, 1948 [in Japanese]","description":"A letter from Natue Okine in Itsukaichi, Hiroshima, Japan to her uncle and aunt, Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine. She writes that they are going to start harvesting wheat soon in Japan. She thanks for the cloth that Tomeyo sent to her and informs her that she has made her clothes by using it. In the letter, she expresses her desire to immigrate to the U.S. The letter is resealed with the tape, \"OPENED BY MIL. CEN. CIVIL MAILS,\" and stamped with \"C.C.D. J-2903\" by the Civil Censorship Detachment. The arrival date of the letter, June 28, 1948, is recorded on the backside of the envelope. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/6815\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">oki_02_83_001</a>","extent":"2 pages, 8 x 6.75 inches, handwritten; 1 envelope","links_children":"ddr-csujad-5-253","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Okine, Natsue"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"Military service -- Postwar occupation of Japan","id":"199"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hiroshima, Japan","creation":"5/6/1948","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Okine, Natsue author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-5-253-mezzanine-934939e48b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-121-4","model":"entity","index":"5 4405/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-121-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-121-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-121/ddr-densho-121-4-mezzanine-c0d46e1ff3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-121/ddr-densho-121-4-mezzanine-c0d46e1ff3-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen Vol. 21 No. 23","description":"Selected article titles: \"Chicago Nisei Lieutenant Finds Mother, Brother Alive in Atom-Bombed City of Hiroshima\" (p. 1), \"New Escheat Case Filed by State in Fresno County\" (p. 1), \"Japan Occupation Ineffective Without Nisei GIs, Says Moore\" (p. 1), \"Aged Evacuee Hangs Self at Tule Lake Center\" (p. 1), \"Anti-Nisei Boycott Dropped By Los Angeles Market Union\" (p. 1), \"Child Found Murdered at Tule Lake Camp\" (p. 1), \"Women Fined for Assault On Issei Man\" (p. 1), \"Transport Sails With Evacuees For Hawaii\" (p. 2), \"Repatriates Permitted to Take Securities Back to Japan\" (p. 2), \"Minor Age Deportees Will Be Permitted to Return to U.S.\" (p. 3), \"Canadian Government Plans To Deport Alien Repatriates, Review Cases of Citizens\" (p. 3), \"Navy Barracks Provide Housing For Evacuee Group\" (p. 3), \"Saskatchewan Will Take Share of Canadian Evacuees\" (p. 3).","extent":"1435W x 2035H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-121-4","format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","creation":"8-Dec-45","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-121-4-mezzanine-c0d46e1ff3-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-381-113","model":"entity","index":"6 4406/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-381-113/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-381-113/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-381/ddr-densho-381-113-mezzanine-3e93e87910-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-381/ddr-densho-381-113-mezzanine-3e93e87910-a.jpg"},"title":"Leaflet dropped by enemy planes in Tachikawa city and Hachioji","description":"Caption: Leaflet dropped by enemy planes picked up in the vicinity of Tachikawa city and Hachioji. (Tachikawa,Hachioji homen e tekiki jo yori sampu seru bira)\r\nYour leaders are prevaricators\r\nOn the broadcasting network on the 14th a Japanese critic quoted Lt. Kurihara (SG) declaration that the Japanese forces caused enormous damages in the U.S. task force attacking Formosa. However, regardless of this fact he said that the U.S. may bomb Japan in the future. No matter how much your leaders may prevaricate Lt. Kurihara knowing that the war situation cannot be altered tried to vindicate himself in saying that the powerful U.S. forces will bomb Japan proper in the future. These planes are from the aircraft carriers that your leaders asserted as being sunk off Formosa. From these facts it should be clear that not even a single aircraft carrier was sunk.","extent":"6.5W x 4.75H","links_children":"ddr-densho-381-113","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Ishikawa, Koyo"}],"topics":[{"term":"Japan -- During World War II","id":"164"},{"term":"World War II -- Propaganda","id":"426"}],"format":"img","language":["eng","jpn"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Ishikawa, Koyo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","location":"Tokyo, Japan","creation":"1942-1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ishikawa, Koyo photographer Ishikawa, Koyo","download_large":"ddr-densho-381-113-mezzanine-3e93e87910-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-303","model":"entity","index":"7 4407/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-303/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-303/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mhikaru-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mhikaru-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Hikaru Morohoshi Interview","description":"Kibei Nisei male. Born October 4, 1915, in Stockton, California. As a young child, sent to Japan to live with grandparents and attend school. Returned to California at age eighteen, and drafted into the U.S. military. Discharged from the army after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, Washington, and the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. Answered \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and was transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving Tule Lake, lived in Maryland and Florida before eventually returning to California.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:17:01","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-303","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":516,"namepart":"Hikaru Morohoshi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr008g37k","namepart":"Morohoshi, Hikaru Johnny"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"September 2, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hikaru Morohoshi narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Morohoshi, Hikaru Johnny 88922nr008g37k","download_large":"denshovh-mhikaru-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-92","model":"entity","index":"8 4408/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-92/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-92/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-trudy-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-trudy-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Rudy Tokiwa Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born July 7, 1925, near San Jose. Grew up in Salinas, California, until he went to Japan at the age of thirteen. Studied in Japan until about 1939. Incarcerated at the Salinas Assembly Center, California, and Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Volunteered out of camp to serve in the U.S. military. Fought in Europe as a battalion runner for the all-Japanese American 442nd Regimental Combat Team. Single-handedly captured a group of German officers, fought in the famous \"Battle of the Lost Battalion,\" and was present at the liberation of Bruyeres. Was recruited to lobby Congress for passage of the 1988 Civil Liberties Act as a representative for Nikkei veterans, and proved invaluable in garnering support among particularly resistant members of Congress.<p>(This interview was conducted at the 1998 Americans of Japanese Ancestry Veterans National Convention, held in Honolulu, Hawaii.)","extent":"05:46:21","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-92","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":92,"namepart":"Rudy Tokiwa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Judy Niizawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery/Larry Hashima"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr011tw3j","namepart":"Tokiwa, Kazuo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"July 2 - 3, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Rudy Tokiwa narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nJudy Niizawa interviewer \nMatt Emery/Larry Hashima videographer Tokiwa, Kazuo 88922nr011tw3j","download_large":"denshovh-trudy-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1004-11","model":"entity","index":"9 4409/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1004-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1004-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1004/denshovh-hgrant-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1004/denshovh-hgrant-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Grant Hirabayashi Interview","description":"Kibei male. Born November 9, 1919, in Thomas, Washington. Went to Japan at age twelve, attended school, and returned to the U.S. as a high school student. Enlisted in the army just prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and was eventually recruited for the Military Intelligence Service. Selected as one of fourteen Japanese Americans to fight with \"Merrill's Marauders.\" After the war, worked in Japan during the U.S. occupation, and became involved with the war crimes trials. Went on to work for the State Department and the Library of Congress.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:40:12","links_children":"ddr-densho-1004-11","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":208,"namepart":"Grant Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"gayle k. yamada"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Mario Vizcarra"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"gayle k. yamada Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Silver Spring, Maryland","creation":"November 19, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Grant Hirabayashi narrator \ngayle k. yamada interviewer \nMario Vizcarra videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgrant-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1001-41","model":"entity","index":"10 4410/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1001-41/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1001-41/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-hgrant_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-hgrant_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Grant Hirabayashi Interview","description":"Kibei male. Born November 9, 1919, in Thomas, Washington. Went to Japan at age twelve, attended school, and returned to the U.S. as a high school student. Enlisted in the army just prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and was eventually recruited for the Military Intelligence Service. Selected as one of fourteen Japanese Americans to fight with \"Merrill's Marauders.\" After the war, worked in Japan during the U.S. occupation, and became involved with the war crimes trials. Went on to work for the State Department and the Library of Congress.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:25:38","links_children":"ddr-densho-1001-41","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":208,"namepart":"Grant Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"John de Chadenedes"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Bainbridge Island, Washington","creation":"July 27, 2008","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Grant Hirabayashi narrator \nJohn de Chadenedes interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-hgrant_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1007-1800","model":"entity","index":"11 4411/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1800/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1007-1800/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1007/ddr-densho-1007-1800-mezzanine-4e1e9ab06b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1007/ddr-densho-1007-1800-mezzanine-4e1e9ab06b-a.jpg"},"title":"Interview with Paul Minerich, Tim Nomiyama, Masao Kataoka, and Kenjiro Hayakawa, part 3 of 8","description":"From left to right: Minerich, Nomiyama, Kataoka, Hayakawa. Kataoka discusses being a soldier when evacuation started, the interment of his wife, and the relationship between Kibei and Nisei soldiers. Kataoka and Nomiyama discuss how they met. Nomiyama discusses when he decided to refuse to serve, being called a traitor when he left Japan, returning to the US in 1937, anti-Japanese sentiment in Turlock, CA, his service in the US before war with Japan broke out, feeling that the US constitution was only for white people, and how USO facilities were segregated in Mississippi. Interview starts at 0:20. Loni Ding can be heard asking questions behind the camera. Original title: II RES/PRO #11, UCLA Minerich, Nomiyama, Kataoka, Hayakawa, 6/1/86, Roll 11. Interview continues at <a href=\"ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1801/\">ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1801/</a>","extent":"00:22:23","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-1800","creators":[{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Ding, Loni"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Minerich, Paul"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Nomiyama, Tim"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Kataoka, Masao"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Hayakawa, Kenjiro"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Performing arts -- Film -- Documentaries","id":"251"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Draft resistance","id":"95"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Minerich, Paul"},{"namepart":"Nomiyama, Tim"},{"namepart":"Kataoka, Masao"},{"namepart":"Hayakawa, Kenjiro"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"June 1, 1986","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ding, Loni interviewer \nMinerich, Paul interviewee \nNomiyama, Tim interviewee \nKataoka, Masao interviewee \nHayakawa, Kenjiro interviewee Minerich, Paul \nNomiyama, Tim \nKataoka, Masao \nHayakawa, Kenjiro","download_large":"ddr-densho-1007-1800-mezzanine-4e1e9ab06b-a.jpg"},{"id":"178","model":"narrator","index":"12 4412/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/178/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/178/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/atom.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/atom.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/178/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tom Akashi","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 7, 1929, in Merced, California. Grew up in Mount Eden, California, and was removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Incarcerated at the Topaz concentration camp in Utah, then moved to Tule Lake concentration camp after family volunteered to move to Japan. While at Tule Lake, joined a pro-Japan organization created by father, the Sokoku Kenkyu Seinen Dan, (Young Men's Association for the Study of the Motherland). Renounced U.S. citizenship and expatriated to Japan with parents and siblings in 1945. Lived and worked in Japan until 1948, when returned to the United States. Author of Betrayed Trust: The Story of a Deported Issei and His American-Born Family During WWII, published in 2004."},{"id":"674","model":"narrator","index":"13 4413/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/674/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/674/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mrin.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mrin.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/674/interviews/"},"display_name":"Rin Miura","bio":"Issei female. Born October 4, 1901, in Fukuda, Japan. Grew up in Japan and immigrated to the U.S. after marrying. Settled in Portland, and during World War II was removed to the Portland assembly center, Oregon, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, returned to Portland."},{"id":"741","model":"narrator","index":"14 4414/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/741/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/741/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yminoru_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yminoru_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/741/interviews/"},"display_name":"Minoru Yamaguchi","bio":"Nisei male. Born 1940 in Spreckels, California. Soon after Minoru was born, father decided to move the family to Japan. Lived in Japan during World War II, returning to the U.S. in the 1960s. Went to school in Chicago for a time before eventually settling in Southern California."},{"id":"866","model":"narrator","index":"15 4415/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/866/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/866/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ftsuchino.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ftsuchino.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/866/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tsuchino Forrester","bio":"Shin-Issei female. Born March 30, 1931 in Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan. Grew up in Kasuga where parents ran a farm. Graduated from a girl's high school during the U.S. occupation of Japan. Met future husband, a U.S. serviceman, and immigrated to the United States as a \"war bride.\""},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-153-43","model":"segment","index":"16 4416/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-153-43/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-153-43/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mroy-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mroy-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Roy H. Matsumoto Interview Segment 43","description":"Jobs in camp<p>Although Mr. Matsumoto does not identify himself as a Kibei (American-born person of Japanese ancestry sent to Japan for formal education and socialization when young and later returned to the U.S.), some of his life experiences are similar to those who do identify themselves as such.","extent":"00:02:26","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-153-43","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":151,"namepart":"Roy H. Matsumoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","facility":[{"term":"Santa Anita","id":"23"}],"creation":"December 17 & 18, 2003","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Roy H. 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Here the two above photos show as the volunteers were made ready to leave for the status on A-1 priority to language school.\"","extent":"Unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-22-78","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- 442nd Regimental Combat Team","id":"89"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- 522nd Field Artillery Battalion","id":"90"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"Germany","creation":"Sept. 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-22-78-mezzanine-efb71ec0bb-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-22-79","model":"entity","index":"19 4419/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-22-79/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-22-79/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-22/ddr-densho-22-79-mezzanine-a25ff1de8a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-22/ddr-densho-22-79-mezzanine-a25ff1de8a-a.jpg"},"title":"Volunteers for the Military Intelligence Service","description":"Caption in album: \"Volunteers please / Just prior to V-J day came a survey of Volunteers was made for the Camp Savage (later Fort Snelling) language school for men to ship to go to school and on to Japan to fight. 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Otani, who is the head of Higashi Honganji, left Yokohama to console and encourage Japanese who live in the southern region of Japan called Nanpo Kyoei prefecture. He used the Yamashiro Maru to get to the region and is accompanied by Tomoko, Otani's wife. Mr. and Mrs. Otani are on the deck in the photograph.\"","extent":"1.75W x 3H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-4-1890","format":"img","language":["jpn"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Otani, Tomoko"},{"namepart":"Otani, Kocho"}],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","creation":"4-Feb-41","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Otani, Tomoko \nOtani, Kocho","download_large":"ddr-njpa-4-1890-master-eb894a8ef7-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-4-497","model":"entity","index":"21 4421/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-4-497/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-4-497/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-497-master-2289a1e449-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-4/ddr-njpa-4-497-master-2289a1e449-a.jpg"},"title":"Suiun Komuro at Tokyo Station with wife and daughters","description":"Caption on reverse [translation]: \"Komuro returns. The painter Komuro came back to Japan from Europe by the ship Asama Maru at 10 a.m. on July 9th. The ship entered Yokohama port, then he took a train from there, arriving in Tokyo Station at 10 p.m. The photo is Mr. Komura with his wife and daughters, who came to welcome him home at Tokyo Station.\"","extent":"1.75W x 2.5H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-4-497","format":"img","language":["jpn"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Komuro, Mrs."},{"namepart":"Komuro, Suiun"}],"contributor":"Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Tokyo, Japan","creation":"30-Jul-31","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Komuro, Mrs. \nKomuro, Suiun","download_large":"ddr-njpa-4-497-master-2289a1e449-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-2-171","model":"entity","index":"22 4422/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-2-171/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-2-171/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-2/ddr-one-2-171-master-f048839b88-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-2/ddr-one-2-171-master-f048839b88-a.jpg"},"title":"Hanaya Hotel","description":"Black and white photographic print of paved road and Hanaya Hotel in Ueda.  Donor took this trip with friend Olinda Saito.  Olinda was a Japanese citizen whose father was Japanese consul in Sao Paolo, Brazil, before WWII.  He returned to Japan before WWII began. Donor met Olinda when Olinda began working as librarian at Detachment S, the officers school.  Inscribed on back: \"NOV 49/HANAYA HOTEL/UEDA.\"","extent":"2.375W x 2.5H","links_children":"ddr-one-2-171","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Sakai, Shiuko"}],"topics":[{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"Japan -- United States civilians","id":"380"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","location":"Hanaya Hotel, Ueda, Nagano Prefecture, Japan","creation":"c. Novemeber 1949","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Sakai, Shiuko photographer","download_large":"ddr-one-2-171-master-f048839b88-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-2-58","model":"entity","index":"23 4423/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-2-58/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-2-58/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-2/ddr-one-2-58-master-b2d1e787af-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-2/ddr-one-2-58-master-b2d1e787af-a.jpg"},"title":"Wedding Reception of Olinda Saito and Sgt. Raymond Funakoshi","description":"Black and white photographic print of wedding reception for Olinda Saito and Sgt. Raymond Funakoshi at the American Club in Tokyo, Japan.  From left: Tami Okamura, Olinda Saito (bride, standing), Shiuko Sakai, Aki Saito, unidentified, Yoshi Saito, unidentified, Heidi Okihara, remaining individuals unidentified.  Shiuko Sakai, the donor, organized this wedding party for Olinda Saito, with whom she worked at the U.S. army language school.","extent":"4.9375W x 3.75H","links_children":"ddr-one-2-58","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"unknown"}],"topics":[{"term":"Japan -- United States civilians","id":"380"},{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","location":"American Club, Tokyo, Japan","creation":"1946-1957","status":"completed","search_hidden":"unknown photographer","download_large":"ddr-one-2-58-master-b2d1e787af-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-2-57","model":"entity","index":"24 4424/{'value': 5887, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-2-57/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-2-57/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-2/ddr-one-2-57-master-f39f8308c9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-2/ddr-one-2-57-master-f39f8308c9-a.jpg"},"title":"Wedding Reception of Olinda Saito and Sgt. 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Shiuko Sakai, the donor, organized this wedding party for Olinda Saito, with whom she worked at the U.S. army language school.","extent":"5W x 3.875W","links_children":"ddr-one-2-57","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"unknown"}],"topics":[{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"Japan -- United States civilians","id":"380"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","location":"American Club, Tokyo, Japan","creation":"1946-1957","status":"completed","search_hidden":"unknown photographer","download_large":"ddr-one-2-57-master-f39f8308c9-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Japan","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}