(This interview was conducted at the 1998 Tule Lake Pilgrimage held at Klamath Falls, Oregon and at the site of Tule Lake incarceration camp in California. Given the limited time available during this event, the length and breadth of this interview are shorter than other Densho interviews.)","extent":"01:04:25","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-36","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":43,"namepart":"Minoru Kiyota"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tracy Lai"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Steve Hamada"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0089q5w","namepart":"Kiyota, Minoru"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Klamath Falls, Oregon","creation":"July 3, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Minoru Kiyota narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nTracy Lai interviewer \nSteve Hamada videographer Kiyota, Minoru 88922nr0089q5w","download_large":"denshovh-kminoru-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"126","model":"narrator","index":"5 55/{'value': 71, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/126/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/126/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ygeorge.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ygeorge.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/126/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Yoshida","bio":"Nisei male. Born April 9, 1922, in Seattle, Washington. Parents immigrated from Japan in the early 1900s. Attended Bailey Gatzert Elementary School and Washington Middle School in Seattle before his family moved to East Los Angeles in 1936. Incarcerated in Poston Detention Camp #1, Arizona, in April 1942. While in camp, helped organize the \"Music Makers,\" a dance band. Left Poston for Chicago in 1943, and was drafted into the U.S. Army. Underwent basic training in the armored (tank) corps at Fort Knox, Kentucky, and was subsequently assigned to the Military Intelligence Language School at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. Married Helen Furuyama in 1945, and moved to Berkeley, California, and later to El Cerrito, a neighboring community. George earned his teaching credential and taught in the Berkeley School District for thirty-five years. He raised four children: Cole, Clay, Maia and Lian. Organized the J-Town Jazz Ensemble, a 17-piece swing band based in San Francisco, which performs at community events and festivals. Author of the book Reminiscing in Swingtime: Japanese Americans in American Popular Music, 1925-1960, published by the National Japanese American Historical Society, San Francisco, California."},{"id":"1018","model":"narrator","index":"6 56/{'value': 71, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1018/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1018/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-528_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-528_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1018/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank Abe","bio":"Sansei male. Born 1951 in Cleveland, Ohio. During World War II, father was incarcerated the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentratin camp, Wyoming. Mother came to the United States from Japan in 1950. Frank grew up in Cleveland, where his parents owned a boarding house. Earned a B.A. in theater directing from the University of California at Santa Cruz and received professional actors' training at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco. An original member of the Asian American Theater Workshop in San Francisco. Helped organize the first Day of Remembrance event in Seattle in 1978. Instrumental in creating the National Council for Japanese American Redress in Seattle. Worked as a reporter for KIRO Newsradio in Seattle, and was the co-founder of the Seattle chapter of the Asian American Journalists Association. Later worked as Director of Communications for the King County Executive in Seattle. Filmmaker who made the documentary Conscience and the Constitution with Shannon Gee, author of JOHN OKADA: The Life & Rediscovered Work of the Author of No-No Boy, and lead author of the graphic novel, We Hereby Refuse."},{"id":"ddr-pc-31-16","model":"entity","index":"7 57/{'value': 71, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-31-16/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-31-16/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-31/ddr-pc-31-16-mezzanine-7365ece36f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-31/ddr-pc-31-16-mezzanine-7365ece36f-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 48, No. 16 (April 17, 1959)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Yen debt claimants seeking pre-war exchange rate\" (p. 1), \"Cal. FEPC bill signature by governor due\" (p. 1), \"442nd RCT linked with famous U.S. Army regiments of history\" (p. 1), \"Nisei greeted as 5-millionth visitor of United Nations\" (p. 1), \"Fair housing bill in Minnesota reported\" (p. 1), \"'Nothing in common' between language of Japan and China except for orthography\" (p. 2), \"Arizona alien land law repeal eyed by JACLers\" (p. 3), \"United organization of youth groups seen as function for San Francisco Jr. JACL\" (p. 4), \"Town Hall format proves stimulating as nine speakers analyze Nisei in community\" (p. 4), \"Private schools exempt from California civil rights law\" (p. 8), \"Statehood brings new challenges to Nisei, Michener tells 442nd veterans at fete\" (p. 8).","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-31-16","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"World War II -- Economic losses","id":"59"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Mimbu, William J."},{"namepart":"Koshio, Floyd"},{"namepart":"Sugiyama, George S."},{"namepart":"Higuchi, Tak"},{"namepart":"Yamamoto, Kakutaro"},{"namepart":"Yoshimura, Akiji"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry K."},{"namepart":"Takata, Fred"},{"namepart":"Satow, Masao"},{"namepart":"Suzukida, Berry"},{"namepart":"Fukiage, Eddie"},{"namepart":"Shimizu, Sydney Hiroko"},{"namepart":"Tajiri, Larry S."},{"namepart":"Fujii, Ken"},{"namepart":"Nomiya, Fred"},{"namepart":"Varnauchi, Linda"},{"namepart":"Kono, Gene"},{"namepart":"Sakamoto, Shig"},{"namepart":"Kobata, Jo Ann"},{"namepart":"Takei, Eddie"},{"namepart":"Suyehira, Yaeko"},{"namepart":"Iwai, Robert H."},{"namepart":"Mori, Henry"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Mike"},{"namepart":"Sugiyama, Frank"},{"namepart":"Uchida, Henry"},{"namepart":"Doi, Tom"},{"namepart":"Uyehara, Otta A."},{"namepart":"Osaki, Tom"},{"namepart":"Shimasaki, Tom"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"April 17, 1959","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher Mimbu, William J. \nKoshio, Floyd \nSugiyama, George S. \nHiguchi, Tak \nYamamoto, Kakutaro \nYoshimura, Akiji \nHonda, Harry K. \nTakata, Fred \nSatow, Masao \nSuzukida, Berry \nFukiage, Eddie \nShimizu, Sydney Hiroko \nTajiri, Larry S. \nFujii, Ken \nNomiya, Fred \nVarnauchi, Linda \nKono, Gene \nSakamoto, Shig \nKobata, Jo Ann \nTakei, Eddie \nSuyehira, Yaeko \nIwai, Robert H. \nMori, Henry \nMasaoka, Mike \nSugiyama, Frank \nUchida, Henry \nDoi, Tom \nUyehara, Otta A. \nOsaki, Tom \nShimasaki, Tom","download_large":"ddr-pc-31-16-mezzanine-7365ece36f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-5-190","model":"entity","index":"8 58/{'value': 71, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-5-190/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-5-190/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-190-mezzanine-0cd2c9126d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-190-mezzanine-0cd2c9126d-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Masao Okine to Mr. and Mrs. S. Okine, February 18, 1946 [in Japanese]","description":"A letter from Masao Okine to his parents, Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine, along with a note in English. He writes from Tokyo, Japan, where he is stationed as a Nisei soldier. The letter is mailed via San Francisco by the U.S. Postal Service. In the letter, Masao informs that he has been transferred from Sagamihara to Tokyo, Japan a month ago and received only three letters from his parents since then. He assumes that the arrival of other letters would be delayed because of his address change. He worries about his family in California and informs that he is going to visit Hiroshima to see the relatives and friends. He also encloses an English note stating that he needs 4 cartons of cigarettes and mixed candies to be shipped. He instructs his parents to bring the note to the U.S. Post Office when they ship the cigarettes and candies to Japan. He also describes his life in Japan: Tokyo is convenient and he made friends with the Japanese. He often visits a friend's place and is treated as if he is one of their family members. The arrival date of the letter, March 18, 1946, and the replied date, March 21, 1946, are recorded. Also the shipping fees, 25 cents, are recorded. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: oki_02_34_001","extent":"3 pages, 9.75 x 6.75 inches handwritten; 1 sheet, 7.75 x 5 inches, handwritten; 1 envelope","links_children":"ddr-csujad-5-190","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Okine, Masao"}],"topics":[{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"Military service -- Postwar occupation of Japan","id":"199"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Tokyo, Japan","creation":"2/18/1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Okine, Masao author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-5-190-mezzanine-0cd2c9126d-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-5-160","model":"entity","index":"9 59/{'value': 71, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-5-160/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-5-160/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-160-mezzanine-52edd21b38-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-160-mezzanine-52edd21b38-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Masao Okine to Mr. and Mrs. S. Okine, September 12, 1946 [in Japanese]","description":"A letter from Masao Okine, who is stationed in Japan as a Nisei soldier to his parents, Seiichi and Ayame Okine. This letter is mailed via San Francisco, California by the U.S. Army Postal Service. In the letter, Masao writes about his visit to Hiroshima during the vacation. He meets Naoji Okine, Jokichi Yamanaka, Mr. Sasaki, Mr. Nakano, and other relatives. He reports about their well-being and harvesting rice in the following month. He also writes about his schedule for returning to the U.S. He is going to be transferred to Zama, Kanagawa, and return to Yokohama, Kanagawa. From Yokohama, he is going to board a ship to return to the U.S, arriving at the end of the month. He assumes that this letter is his last letter from Japan. The handwritten notes on the backside of the envelope read: Arrived on September 16, 1946, this letter is the last [in Japanese]. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: oki_02_11_001","extent":"2 pages, 6.25 x 9 inches, handwritten; 1 envelope","links_children":"ddr-csujad-5-160","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Okine, Masao"}],"topics":[{"term":"Military service -- Post-World War II service","id":"297"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"},{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Yokohama, Kanagawa","creation":"9/12/1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Okine, Masao author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-5-160-mezzanine-52edd21b38-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-5-156","model":"entity","index":"10 60/{'value': 71, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-5-156/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-5-156/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-156-mezzanine-67951118a7-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-156-mezzanine-67951118a7-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Masao Okine to Mr. and Mrs. S. Okine, August 16, 1946 [in Japanese]","description":"A letter from Masao Okine who is stationed in Yokohama, Japan as a Nisei soldier to his parents, Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine. This letter is mailed via San Francisco by the U.S. Postal Service. In the letter, he describes his work and daily routine in Japan. He has been transferred from Tokyo to Yokohama and his duty is driving a jeep. He gets up at 4:45 AM, eats breakfast at 6:15 AM, and leaves for work at 7:30 AM. He works until 12:30 PM and is free in the afternoon. He assumes that he is going to be discharged around October and his brother, Makoto, who is deployed in Europe as a Nisei soldier, is returning to the U.S. soon. The arrival date of the letter, August 20, 1946, is recorded on the backside of the envelope. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: oki_02_06_001","extent":"2 pages, 5.5 x 9 inches, handwritten; 1 envelope","links_children":"ddr-csujad-5-156","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Okine, Masao"}],"topics":[{"term":"Military service -- Postwar occupation of Japan","id":"199"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- 442nd Regimental Combat Team","id":"89"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Yokohama, Japan","creation":"8/16/1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Okine, Masao author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-5-156-mezzanine-67951118a7-a.jpg"},{"id":"43","model":"narrator","index":"11 61/{'value': 71, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/43/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/43/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kminoru.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kminoru.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/43/interviews/"},"display_name":"Minoru Kiyota","bio":"Kibei male, born October 12, 1923, in Seattle, Washington. Raised primarily in San Francisco, California, spending four years in Hiratsuka, Japan. Was incarcerated with his family at Topaz concentration camp, Utah. Refused to sign the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" and as a consequence was moved to Tule Lake Segregation Center, California. In Tule, he renounced his U.S. citizenship in protest of the incarceration his treatment in camp, and the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire.\" Shortly thereafter he regretted his actions and attempted to rescind his decision. (It would be ten years before he would regain his citizenship.) After being released from Tule Lake in March 1946 he accepted a scholarship to College of the Ozarks, Arkansas, transferred to the University of California, Berkeley, and then served overseas in the U.S. Air Force Intelligence during the Korean War until his renunciation was discovered. After being dismissed from the air force he stayed in Japan, earning a master's and doctorate degree from Tokyo University. Published an autobiographical work in Japan entitled \"Nikkei hangyakuji,\" which was translated into English as \"Beyond Loyalty: The Story of a Kibei.\""},{"id":"ddr-csujad-5-186","model":"entity","index":"12 62/{'value': 71, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-5-186/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-5-186/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-186-mezzanine-f636977192-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-186-mezzanine-f636977192-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Masao Okine to Mr. and Mrs. S. Okine, May 19, 1946 [in Japanese]","description":"A letter from Masao Okine to his parents, Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine. He writes from Japan where he is stationed as a Nisei solder. The letter is mailed via San Francisco by the U. S. Army Postal Service. In the letter, he informs that he has received letters from his sister, Hatsuno, his wife, Ayame, and his brother, Makoto, and met his brother-in-law, Nobuyuki Tanimoto, and everyone is being well. He assumes that they do not have enough coal in larger cities, such as Chicago and Los Angeles, but they would be restored soon. He encloses photographs that he has taken during his visit in Hiroshima. The photographs are not found in the item. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: oki_02_31_001","extent":"3 pages, 6 x 9 inches, handwritten; 1 envelope","links_children":"ddr-csujad-5-186","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Okine, Masao"}],"topics":[{"term":"Military service -- Postwar occupation of Japan","id":"199"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Japan","creation":"5/19/1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Okine, Masao author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-5-186-mezzanine-f636977192-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-5-124","model":"entity","index":"13 63/{'value': 71, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-5-124/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-5-124/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-124-mezzanine-b720b81701-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-124-mezzanine-b720b81701-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Masao Okine to Mr. and Mrs. Okine, January 19, 1946 [in Japanese]","description":"A letter from Masao Okine to his parents, Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine in Hawthorne, California. This letter is written in Japan where Masao is stationed as a U.S. military soldier and mailed via San Francisco by the U.S. Army Postal Service. Masao describes his stay in Japan, being transferred from Sagamihara, Kanagawa, to Tokyo, possibly being transferred to the Tohoku area later. He resides in a building in Tokyo, which used to be a building for Nihon Yu??sen Kabushiki Kaisha [=Japan Mail Steamship Co.] and is located near the Tokyo Imperial Palace. He describes the living conditions in the building, such as a good room like a hotel, well functioning heating system, and good meals. He also writes about his efforts to locate their friends and relatives in Tokyo and Hiroshima. He locates his brother-in-law, Nobuyuki Tanimoto in Tokyo, who also stays in the same building. He learns about other relatives in Hiroshima from Nobuyuki, who has visited Hiroshima. Masao confirms that Tamasada and his family are safe but has not been able to confirm the safety of Jokichi Yamanaka or Naoji Okine in Hiroshima. The handwritten notes on the back of the envelope reads: Arrived on January 28, 1946, no. 2 [in Japanese]. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: oki_01_52_001","extent":"2 pages, 6 x 9 inches, handwritten; 1 envelope","links_children":"ddr-csujad-5-124","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Okine, Masao"}],"topics":[{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Military service -- Postwar occupation of Japan","id":"199"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Tokyo, Japan","facility":[{"term":"Rohwer","id":"9"}],"creation":"1/19/1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Okine, Masao author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-5-124-mezzanine-b720b81701-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-5-121","model":"entity","index":"14 64/{'value': 71, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-5-121/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-5-121/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-121-mezzanine-eeee8e0019-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-121-mezzanine-eeee8e0019-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Masao Okine to Mr. and Mrs. Okine, January 10, 1946 [in Japanese]","description":"A letter from Masao Okine to his parents, Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine in Hawthorne. This letter is written in Japan where Masao is currently stationed as a Nisei soldier and mailed via San Francisco by the U.S. Army Postal Service. In the letter, Masao describes his work as a US Army solider in Japan: He has been staying in Sagamihara, Kanagawa, but has not been informed of the next deployment. The solders take an exam and the next locations are determined based on the results of the exam. He also writes about her brother-in-law, Nobuyuki Tanimoto, who Masao has been trying to locate in Tokyo. He states that Ginza in Tokyo is completely destroyed by the bombing attacks during the war. He also appreciates his parents for the financial support, 37.00 dollars given to his wife, Ayame. The handwritten notes on the back on the envelope read: Arrived on January 30, 1946, no. 3 [in Japanese]. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: oki_01_49_001","extent":"1 page, 6 x 9 inches, handwritten; 1 envelope","links_children":"ddr-csujad-5-121","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Okine, Masao"}],"topics":[{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"Military service -- Postwar occupation of Japan","id":"199"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Sagamihara, Japan","creation":"1/10/1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Okine, Masao author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-5-121-mezzanine-eeee8e0019-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-5-148","model":"entity","index":"15 65/{'value': 71, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-5-148/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-5-148/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-148-mezzanine-da7fbc7e3e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-148-mezzanine-da7fbc7e3e-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Masao Okine to Mr. and Mrs. Okine, June 10, 1946 [in Japanese]","description":"A letter from Masao Okine to his parents, Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine. Masao Okine writes from Japan where he is stationed as a US Army soldier. This letter is mailed via San Francisco by the U.S. Army Postal Service. The letter includes updates, informing of the arrival of his parents' four letters written on May 20, 26, 30, and June 1 respectively and a package including tobaccos and candies, and a plan to visit Hiroshima to meet the relatives and take their pictures to send to his parents. He offers financial support to his parents, enclosing money in the letter. The handwritten notes on the backside of the envelope record the arrival date of the letter, June 15, 1946, and the replied date, June 17, 1946. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: oki_01_69_001","extent":"3 pages, 7.5 x 10.5 inches, handwritten; 1 envelope","links_children":"ddr-csujad-5-148","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Okine, Masao"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"Military service -- Postwar occupation of Japan","id":"199"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Japan","creation":"6/10/1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Okine, Masao author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-5-148-mezzanine-da7fbc7e3e-a.jpg"},{"id":"120","model":"narrator","index":"16 66/{'value': 71, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/120/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/120/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ttomiye.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ttomiye.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/120/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tomiye Terasaki","bio":"Kibei female. Born October 5, 1910, in San Francisco, California. At age three, sent to live with grandfather and receive education in Fukuoka, Japan. After high school, temporarily moved to Tokyo and assisted family-owned business. In 1929, returned to U.S. to join parents in Sacramento. After arranged marriage to Mr. Tadao Sakita, moved to Los Angeles, raised three children and jointly ran a successful cafe. Returned to Sacramento after the bombing of Pearl Harbor to be with family in 1942, until all persons of Japanese ancestry were removed from West Coast. Gave birth to a son while at Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After the war, returned to Los Angeles, and converted to Christianity. Remarried to Mr. Terasaki after first husband's death. At the time of the interview, Mrs. Terasaki resided in Los Angeles, making and repairing Japanese calligraphy scrolls."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-181","model":"entity","index":"17 67/{'value': 71, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-181/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-181/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kfred_g-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kfred_g-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Fred Korematsu - Kathryn Korematsu Interview","description":"This interview centers on the experiences of Fred Korematsu, a Nisei born January 30, 1919, in Oakland, California. Mr. Korematsu was working as a welder in San Francisco when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. After Executive Order 9066 was issued in 1942, he decided to resist the evacuation orders, and was not removed with his family. 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(Due to technical difficulties and conditions at the time of taping, there is loud background noise in this interview.)","extent":"01:21:43","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-181","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":205,"namepart":"Fred Korematsu"},{"role":"narrator","oh_id":206,"namepart":"Kathryn Korematsu"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Lorraine Bannai"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tetsuden Kashima"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr008bb3x","namepart":"Korematsu, Fred Toyosaburo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 14, 1996","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fred Korematsu narrator \nKathryn Korematsu narrator \nLorraine Bannai interviewer \nTetsuden Kashima interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Korematsu, Fred Toyosaburo 88922nr008bb3x","download_large":"denshovh-kfred_g-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"205","model":"narrator","index":"18 68/{'value': 71, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/205/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/205/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kfred.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kfred.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/205/interviews/"},"display_name":"Fred Korematsu","bio":"Nisei male. Born January 30, 1919, in Oakland, California. Mr. Korematsu was working as a welder in San Francisco when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. After Executive Order 9066 was issued in 1942, he decided to resist the evacuation orders, and was not removed with his family. He was arrested in May of 1942, taken to jail, and eventually transferred to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, where his family was being held. He legally challenged the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, and his case made it to the U.S. Supreme Court, which upheld the order in 1944. Following World War II, Mr. Korematsu moved to Detroit, Michigan, where he married and raised a family before returning to California. In the early 1980s, his case was reopened after the discovery of a crucial document indicating that in the original 1944 case, the federal government had lied to the high court. The conviction was vacated by U.S. District Judge Marilyn Hall Patel in 1983, and in 1998, Mr. Korematsu was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-122","model":"entity","index":"19 69/{'value': 71, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-122/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-122/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ttomiye-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ttomiye-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tomiye Terasaki Interview","description":"Kibei female. Born October 5, 1910, in San Francisco, California. At age three, sent to live with grandfather and receive education in Fukuoka, Japan. After high school, temporarily moved to Tokyo and assisted family-owned business. In 1929, returned to U.S. to join parents in Sacramento. After arranged marriage to Mr. Tadao Sakita, moved to Los Angeles, raised three children and jointly ran a successful cafe. Returned to Sacramento after the bombing of Pearl Harbor to be with family in 1942, until all persons of Japanese ancestry were removed from West Coast. Gave birth to a son while at Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After the war, returned to Los Angeles, and converted to Christianity. Remarried to Mr. Terasaki after first husband's death. At the time of the interview, Mrs. Terasaki resided in Los Angeles, making and repairing Japanese calligraphy scrolls.
(This interview was conducted in Japanese. It was translated so as to convey Mrs. Terasaki's way of speaking as closely as possible. For example, there are instances in which she makes some grammatical errors. These mistakes are conveyed through similar grammatical errors in English, in order to recreate Mrs. Terasaki's manner of speaking. Mrs. Terasaki spoke in the Fukuoka dialect.)","extent":"01:03:58","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-122","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":120,"namepart":"Tomiye Terasaki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Ken Silverman"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Steve Hamada"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr010wd4q","namepart":"Sakita, Tomiye"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"July 3, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tomiye Terasaki narrator \nKen Silverman interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nSteve Hamada videographer Sakita, Tomiye 88922nr010wd4q","download_large":"denshovh-ttomiye-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-1","model":"entity","index":"20 70/{'value': 71, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-kfred-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-kfred-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Fred Korematsu Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born January 30, 1919, in Oakland, California. Mr. Korematsu was working as a welder in San Francisco when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. After Executive Order 9066 was issued in 1942, he decided to resist the evacuation orders, and was not removed with his family. He was arrested in May of 1942, taken to jail, and eventually transferred to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, where his family was being held. He legally challenged the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, and his case made it to the U.S. Supreme Court, which upheld the order in 1944. Following World War II, Mr. Korematsu moved to Detroit, Michigan, where he married and raised a family before returning to California. In the early 1980s, his case was reopened after the discovery of a crucial document indicating that in the original 1944 case, the federal government had lied to the high court. The conviction was vacated by U.S. District Judge Marilyn Hall Patel in 1983, and in 1998, Mr. Korematsu was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:13:52","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-1","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":205,"namepart":"Fred Korematsu"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr008bb3x","namepart":"Korematsu, Fred Toyosaburo"}],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"November 15, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fred Korematsu narrator Korematsu, Fred Toyosaburo 88922nr008bb3x","download_large":"denshovh-kfred-01-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Japan;San Francisco, California","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}