(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"03:03:06","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-373","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":615,"namepart":"Frank K. Omatsu"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Sharon Yamato"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zx2x","namepart":"Omatsu, Frank"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"October 24, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank K. Omatsu narrator \nSharon Yamato interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Omatsu, Frank 88922nr015zx2x","download_large":"denshovh-ofrank-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-47","model":"entity","index":"2 677/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-47/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-47/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mtom-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mtom-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tom Matsuoka Interview","description":"Kibei male. Born August 1, 1903, in Sprecklesville, Maui, Hawaii. Taken to Japan in 1905 and raised by grandparents. Returned to the United States in 1919, joining father at Barneston sawmill in Washington. Married and farmed in Bellevue, Washington. Founded Bellevue Seinenkai and managed the Bellevue Vegetable Growers Association prior to World War II. Was picked up by the FBI on December 8, 1941, detained by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle, then interned at the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana. Was transferred to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and then to Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Was released to harvest sugar beets in Chinook, Montana, with his family as work crew. Established a farm in Chinook.","extent":"03:32:17","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-47","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":56,"namepart":"Tom Matsuoka"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr011h73h","namepart":"Matsuoka, Tom Takeo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Ridgefield, Washington","creation":"May 7, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tom Matsuoka narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Matsuoka, Tom Takeo 88922nr011h73h","download_large":"denshovh-mtom-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-374","model":"entity","index":"3 678/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-374/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-374/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-myasu-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-myasu-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Yasu Koyamatsu Momii Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born October 23, 1921, in Seattle, Washington. Moved to Los Angeles, California, with family around age six. Had graduated from high school and was attending a trade school in dressmaking when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, worked for a few years in Cleveland, Ohio, before eventually returning to Los Angeles.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:28:20","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-374","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":617,"namepart":"Yasu Koyamatsu Momii"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Sharon Yamato"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0054m52","namepart":"Koyamatsu, Yasu"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"October 25, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yasu Koyamatsu Momii narrator \nSharon Yamato interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Koyamatsu, Yasu 88922nr0054m52","download_large":"denshovh-myasu-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-356-208","model":"entity","index":"4 679/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-356-208/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-356-208/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-356/ddr-densho-356-208-mezzanine-221e50e929-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-356/ddr-densho-356-208-mezzanine-221e50e929-a.jpg"},"title":"Envelope to K. Domoto with letters to Wakako Domoto from Toichi Domoto and Peter Milan","description":"Envelope addressed to Mr. K. Domoto (Kanetaro) postmarked Osaka, Japan 24.12.15 on the front and postmarked Oakland, California 1/14/1916 on the back. Stored inside the envelope were two letters to Wakako \"Wak\" Domoto. The first letter is from Peter Milan dated 1/28/1944, and discusses locating Domoto family items, Kaneji's hunt on the East Coast for a job and home, Frank Nonaka's business (which Peter Milan also looked after), the negative support for Japanese Americans possible return to the Bay Area, and his work. Letter two is from Toichi \"Niich\" Domoto dated 1/16/1944. The letter discusses locating Domoto family items at their home in California, business at work, sending along photographs of their father, updated addresses for mutual contacts, and family updates.","extent":"envelope: 9.25W x 4.125H; letter: 8.5W x 11H; letter 2: 8W x 10.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-356-208","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Milan, Peter"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Domoto, Toichi"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Support from the non-Japanese American community","id":"80"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Milan, Peter"},{"namepart":"Domoto, Toichi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"California","creation":"1/16/1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Milan, Peter author \nDomoto, Toichi author Milan, Peter \nDomoto, Toichi","download_large":"ddr-densho-356-208-mezzanine-221e50e929-a.jpg"},{"id":"347","model":"narrator","index":"5 680/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/347/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/347/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kgeorge_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kgeorge_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/347/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Kikuta","bio":"Kibei male. Born March 3, 1942, in Los Angeles, California. At only a few months of age, removed to the Manzanar and Tule Lake concentration camps, California. Expatriated to Japan with family during World War II. Grew up in Japan before returning to Los Angeles for high school. Later studied accounting, and became one of the early bilingual Japanese American CPAs in the field."},{"id":"643","model":"narrator","index":"6 681/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/643/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/643/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tminoru_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tminoru_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/643/interviews/"},"display_name":"Minoru Tajii","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 23, 1924, in Brawley, California. Grew up in El Centro, California, where parents ran a farm. During World War II, was removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Family signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and transferred to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, then to Japan. Lived and worked in Japan until 1950 before returning to the United States."},{"id":"896","model":"narrator","index":"7 682/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/896/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/896/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-448_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-448_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/896/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kanji Sahara","bio":"Issei male. Born April 4, 1934, in Hiroshima, Japan, while mother and older siblings were visiting Japan for an extended period. Came to the United States at a few months old, and grew up in the Uptown area of Los Angeles, California. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome and Rohwer concentration camps, Arkansas. After leaving camp, lived and worked in Chicago, Illinois, before eventually returning to California."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1010-8","model":"entity","index":"8 683/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1010-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1010-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1010/denshovh-mkenji-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1010/denshovh-mkenji-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Kenji Maruko Interview","description":"Sansei male. Born December 13, 1920, in Fresno, California. Father was born in Hawaii, mother was born in Japan. Grew up in Fresno, where parents ran a successful bicycle shop and general store. During World War II, removed to the Fresno Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questions\" and was segregated to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Renounced U.S. citizenship, and was transferred to the Department of Justice camp at Santa Fe, New Mexico. Decided to remain in the U.S., and had citizenship restored. After the war, returned to Fresno.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:04:13","links_children":"ddr-densho-1010-8","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":457,"namepart":"Kenji Maruko"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Jill Shiraki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zw10","namepart":"Maruko, Kenji"}],"contributor":"Preserving California's Japantowns Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Fresno, California","creation":"March 9, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kenji Maruko narrator \nJill Shiraki interviewer \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Maruko, Kenji 88922nr015zw10","download_large":"denshovh-mkenji-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-16","model":"entity","index":"9 684/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-16/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-16/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-16-mezzanine-b3374bcce9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-16-mezzanine-b3374bcce9-a.jpg"},"title":"My future","description":"Term paper by Shig Katayama for Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Shig's greatest wish is to live in a democratic world and be a success in his chosen career. He has intended to attend the college of Pharmacy at UC Berkley and run a small drug store. He plans to marry, have several children and plan for retirement. He outlines several ways to repay his parents for their care and the qualities he is looking for in a wife. He worries if Japan loses the war, would he and all of the Nisei have to return to Japan? He hopes this isn't the case, but is worried about the future. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9016. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0016","extent":"7 pages, 11 x 8.5 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-16","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Katayama, Shig"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Katayama, Shig author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-16-mezzanine-b3374bcce9-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-18","model":"entity","index":"10 685/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-18/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-18/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-18-mezzanine-42d83cc3ec-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-18-mezzanine-42d83cc3ec-a.jpg"},"title":"Social prob: the future","description":"Term paper by Toshiro Hara for period 5 Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Toshiro discusses his ambition to be a stenographer. With the enforced draft of the armed forces, he believes his best hope is entering and helping to win the war. If Japan wins, he will have to leave America and move to Japan, which he states will ruin his life. After the war he hopes to get a civil service job, marry his dream girl and have three children. He would like to build up a \"rainy day\" fund and ensure the future security of his family. However, he has many doubts relating to the war and its aftermath. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9018. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0018","extent":"10 pages, 11 x 8.5 inches, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-18","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Hara, Toshiro"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"2/24/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hara, Toshiro author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-18-mezzanine-42d83cc3ec-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-107-29","model":"entity","index":"11 686/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-107-29/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-107-29/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-107/ddr-densho-107-29-mezzanine-848cb36559-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-107/ddr-densho-107-29-mezzanine-848cb36559-a.jpg"},"title":"Portraits of elderly couple","description":"Roy Matsumoto's paternal grandparents. Roy's paternal grandfather, Wakamatsu, was the youngest son of the Matsumoto family. He married his sweetheart and came to Kauai, HI, as a government contract laborer to work in the sugar cane fields. Upon completion of the contract, he came to the mainland United States, leased land in southern California, and operated a truck farm. His relatives and other villagers from Hiroshima came to work at his farm. Upon his early retirement, he returned to Hiroshima, Japan, and Roy's mother Tei took over the farm. Roy's paternal grandmother Haru came from the Motoyama Clan of Hiroshima. She went to Hawaii with her husband, Wakamatsu. Upon his departure from Hawaii to the mainland United States, she returned to Japan with her children (Roy's uncle Frank and Aunt Masayo, both born in Kauai, HI). Many years later, her husband Wakamatsu rejoined her in Hiroshima. They were born in Keio Era (1860s) and peacefully passed away when the war ended in 1945.","links_children":"ddr-densho-107-29","format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Roy"},{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Tei"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"portrait","location":"Jigozen, Hiroshima, Japan","creation":"c.1940","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Matsumoto, Roy \nMatsumoto, Tei","download_large":"ddr-densho-107-29-mezzanine-848cb36559-a.jpg"},{"id":"464","model":"narrator","index":"12 687/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/464/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/464/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sbarry.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sbarry.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/464/interviews/"},"display_name":"Barry Saiki","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 21, 1919, in Stockton, California. During World War II, served with the Military Intelligence Service in Japan."},{"id":"459","model":"narrator","index":"13 688/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/459/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/459/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mnori.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mnori.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/459/interviews/"},"display_name":"Nori Masuda","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 11, 1916, in Fresno, California. Grew up in Fresno in Chinatown, where the city's Chinese and Japanese communities were concentrated. During World War II, removed to the Fresno Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Left camp to work for Seabrook Farms, New Jersey. Enlisted in the military and served with the Military Intelligence Service in Japan. After leaving Japan, returned to Fresno."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-29-56-1","model":"segment","index":"14 689/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-29-56-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-29-56-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-29/ddr-csujad-29-56-1-mezzanine-6d69a72b1d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-29/ddr-csujad-29-56-1-mezzanine-6d69a72b1d-a.jpg"},"title":"An Oral History with Katsuma Mukaeda - Segment 1","description":"Chairman of Japanese American Cultural Center and former president of Japanese Chamber of Commerce recounts conditions of prewar Los Angeles's Little Tokyo, its wartime conversion into a black community, postwar reestablishment as a Japanese-American cultural and commercial center. Includes comments on discriminatory legislation, prewar Japan-American relations. World War II removal and incarceration, camp conditions, wartime repatriation procedures, consequences of incarceration, and contemporary civil rights movement. This oral history was conducted for the Japanese American Oral History Project, Oral History Program, CSU Fullerton. Audio is found in item: csufccop_jaoh_0018. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: 1341.1_F01","extent":"0:29:12","links_children":"ddr-csujad-29-56-1","creators":[{"role":"narrator","id":888,"namepart":"Katsuma Mukaeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Biniasz, Dave"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"California State University, Fullerton. Center for Oral and Public History"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Law and legislation -- Discriminatory laws","id":"177"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil liberties","id":"233"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Returning home","id":"106"},{"term":"Community activities -- Nihonmachi (\"Japantowns\")","id":"27"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Fullerton Center for Oral and Public History","rights":"pcc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"11/28/1973","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Katsuma Mukaeda narrator \nBiniasz, Dave interviewer \nCalifornia State University, Fullerton. Center for Oral and Public History publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-29-56-1-mezzanine-6d69a72b1d-a.jpg"},{"id":"616","model":"narrator","index":"15 690/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/616/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/616/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mkiyo_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mkiyo_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/616/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kiyo Maruyama","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 28, 1920, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in the Glendale area, where father ran a gardening business. Was in college at UC Berkeley when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. Left camp to work in Chicago. Drafted into the army and served with the Military Intelligence Service in Japan. Returned to California and started an accounting firm. Became involved in many community organizations in Los Angeles."},{"id":"552","model":"narrator","index":"16 691/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/552/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/552/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mjohn.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mjohn.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/552/interviews/"},"display_name":"John Kats Marumoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 24, 1927, in Terminal Island, California. Grew up on Terminal Island, where father was a fisherman. Lived in Japan for a short time in 1941. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, moved to Compton after the Japanese Americans were excluded from Terminal Island. Removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, worked on a fishing boat in Mexico. Drafted into the military in the 1950s and served in Japan. After the war, returned to California."},{"id":"516","model":"narrator","index":"17 692/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/516/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/516/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mhikaru.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mhikaru.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/516/interviews/"},"display_name":"Hikaru Morohoshi","bio":"Kibei Nisei male. Born October 4, 1915, in Stockton, California. As a young child, sent to Japan to live with grandparents and attend school. Returned to California at age eighteen, and drafted into the U.S. military. Discharged from the army after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, Washington, and the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. Answered \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and was transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving Tule Lake, lived in Maryland and Florida before eventually returning to California."},{"id":"576","model":"narrator","index":"18 693/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/576/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/576/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/utetsushi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/utetsushi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/576/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tetsushi Marvin Uratsu","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 7, 1925, in Sacramento, California. At a very young age, sent to Japan for several years. Returned at age six and lived with family in Loomis, California. During World War II, removed to the Arboga Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Transferred briefly to the Amache concentration camp, Colorado, before leaving camp with the help of a Quaker group to work as a houseboy in Des Moines, Iowa, while attending high school. Volunteered for the Military Intelligence Service, and served in Japan during the U.S. occupation."},{"id":"652","model":"narrator","index":"19 694/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/652/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/652/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hgrace_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hgrace_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/652/interviews/"},"display_name":"Grace Hata","bio":"Nisei female. Born December 5, 1930, in Gardena, California. Grew up in Gardena where parents ran a restaurant. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested and taken away by the FBI. During mass removal, family was sent to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, and reunited with father. Following the Leave Clearance questionnaire in 1943, family transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, and then repatriated to Japan. Grace lived and worked in Japan for a year and a half before returning to California, finishing school, and becoming a nurse."},{"id":"648","model":"narrator","index":"20 695/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/648/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/648/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/fpeggy.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/fpeggy.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/648/interviews/"},"display_name":"Peggy S. Furukawa","bio":"Nisei female. Born March 30, 1928, in San Jose, California. Prior to World War II, sent by father to live in Japan with relatives. Remained in Japan during the war, attending school and working in an airplane parts factory to support the Japanese war effort. Eventually returned to the United States and San Jose."},{"id":"745","model":"narrator","index":"21 696/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/745/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/745/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/omas_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/omas_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/745/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mas Okabe","bio":"Nisei male. Born December 2, 1929, in Sacramento, California. Grew up in Sacramento, where parents operated a restaurant. During World War II, removed to the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado. Transferred to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, in 1945, then went to Japan with family. Lived in Japan for a time before returning to the U.S. to finish school. Served with the U.S. Navy during the Korean War. Eventually moved to San Jose, California, and became a dentist."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-432","model":"entity","index":"22 697/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-432/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-432/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ytokio-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ytokio-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tokio Yamane Interview","description":"Kibei male. Born September 2, 1922, in Hawaii. Moved with family to Hiroshima at age three, then returned to the Fresno area of the U.S. for high school. During World War II, was sent to the Fresno Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. While at Jerome, refused to answer the so-called \"loyalty questions\" and was transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp when it became a segregation center. At the end of 1943, was involved in a confrontation with camp administrators and was severely beaten by War Relocation Officials and thrown in Tule Lake's stockade. While in the stockade, participated in a hunger strike, and later helped to organize young people's groups with the goal of going to Japan. Eventually renounced U.S. citizenship and was sent to the Santa Fe Department of Justice camp before expatriation to Japan. Remained in Japan after the war, working for the U.S. occupation army and then in private business.
(This interview was conducted in Japanese. The transcript is a translation of the original interview. This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"04:42:24","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-432","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":847,"namepart":"Yamane, Tokio"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Sachiko Takita-Ishii"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Yoko Murakawa"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr006gt3d","namepart":"Yamane, Tokio"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Japan","creation":"May 23, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yamane, Tokio narrator \nSachiko Takita-Ishii interviewer \nYoko Murakawa interviewer Yamane, Tokio 88922nr006gt3d","download_large":"denshovh-ytokio-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-400-17","model":"entity","index":"23 698/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-400-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-400-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-400/ddr-densho-400-17-1-mezzanine-3162fb3644-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-400/ddr-densho-400-17-1-mezzanine-3162fb3644-a.jpg"},"title":"George Sakaye Nakano Interview","description":"George Sakaye Nakano was born on November 24, 1935, in the Boyle Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. George's parents were Kibei, born in Hawaii, then educated in Japan before returning to the U.S. Nakano grew up in Los Angeles until he was six years old. When WWII started, the Nakano family was incarcerated in the concentration camps at Jerome, Arkansas, and Tule Lake, California. After the war, the Nakanos resettled in Norwalk and then East Los Angeles. Nakano graduated from John H. Francis Polytechnic High School in 1954 and worked at Hughes Aircraft while attending evening classes at El Camino College in Torrance and California State University, Los Angeles, where he earned his bachelor's degree in mathematics and his master's degree in education. Nakano was the first Japanese American elected to the Torrance City Council in 1984 and served four terms until he was elected to the California State Assembly in 1998. At the time of this interview, he was finishing his second four-year term.\r\n\r\nThis interview is part of the South Bay History Project created by the South Bay Chapter of the Japanese American Citizens League.","extent":"2:49:32","links_children":"ddr-densho-400-17","creators":[{"role":"narrator","id":592,"namepart":"George Sakaye Nakano"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Albert Muratsuchi"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"California","facility":[{"term":"Jerome","id":"6"},{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"May 16, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"George Sakaye Nakano narrator \nAlbert Muratsuchi interviewer","download_large":"ddr-densho-400-17-1-mezzanine-3162fb3644-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-470","model":"entity","index":"24 699/{'value': 951, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-470/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-470/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-470-mezzanine-d7369d0a0b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-470-mezzanine-d7369d0a0b-a.jpg"},"title":"MP Company","description":"Photograph of Military Police Company. The annotation reads: MP Company was responsible to make sure the incoming G1, G2, G3, G4 group was settled into the area safely. While the G1, 2, 3, 4 interrogated the prisoners, the M.P. gave them protection. The prisoners were safely taken by them to Koji Island Camp. Title from annotation. Item from: George Naohara scrapbook: Korean War and before leaving Japan (csudh_nao_0600). See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_04_039_002","extent":"black and white, 4 x 4 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-470","topics":[{"term":"Korean War","id":"466"},{"term":"Military service","id":"296"}],"format":"img","contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Korea","creation":"1950-1951","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-470-mezzanine-d7369d0a0b-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Japan; California","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}