This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:08:38","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-401-9","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":650,"namepart":"John Y. Hayakawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"San Jose, California","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7014457\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Jose, California","creation":"March 21, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"John Y. Hayakawa narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hjohn_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-10-3","model":"segment","index":"4 2054/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-10-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-10-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kmits-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kmits-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Mits Koshiyama Interview Segment 3","description":"Thoughts on the draft resistance trial and the JACL
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:03:05","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-10-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":125,"namepart":"Mits Koshiyama"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Draft resistance","id":"95"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","geography":[{"term":"Cheyenne, Wyoming","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7013956\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 15 & 16, 1993","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mits Koshiyama narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-kmits-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-19-8","model":"segment","index":"5 2055/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-19-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-19-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-uclifford-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-uclifford-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Clifford Uyeda Interview Segment 8","description":"Trying to reconcile the draft resisters with the JACL
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:04:29","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-19-8","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":162,"namepart":"Clifford Uyeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Community responses to resistance","id":"99"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Draft resistance","id":"95"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"May 5, 1996","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Clifford Uyeda narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-uclifford-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-25-7","model":"segment","index":"6 2056/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-25-7/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-25-7/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-droger-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-droger-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Roger Daniels Interview Segment 7","description":"Discussion of the JACL and the issue of loyalty
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:06:36","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-25-7","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":166,"namepart":"Roger Daniels"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\") -- Japanese American community responses","id":"52"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Heart Mountain, Wyoming","creation":"May 20, 1995","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Roger Daniels narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-droger-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-28-51","model":"entity","index":"7 2057/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-28-51/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-28-51/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-51-mezzanine-d0ea329423-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-51-mezzanine-d0ea329423-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 43, No. 25 (December 21, 1956)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Ishihara had plenty to say on any subject but himself\" (p. 3), \"Immigrants and an Incredible Law\" (p. 4), \"Nisei became aware of prejudice on Dec. 7\" (p. 5), \"Ken Utsunomiya: a legacy of courage and faith\" (p. 6), \"Interest of other Asian ancestry groups in United States necessary\" (p. 7), \"Six San Franciscans Named for 20-year JACL Service Honors\" (p. 8), \"Why civic-minded Nisei fought for Prop. 13 - Yes\" (p. 10), \"L.A.'s old-timer still sees future for JACL\" (p. 12), \"How a Community Grows\" (p. 13), \"Self-Preservation Principle Used to Oust Issei Farmers\" (p. 13), \"Share in Civic Affairs\" (p. 16), \"Fruit-Stand Pay Unlike Days of Yore -- Nisei Earn $118 Weekly\" (p. 23), \"Junior JACL Program Expanding\" (p. 30), \"Takimoto, Yokoyama pioneered Nisei movement in U.S. during dark days of anti-Japanese prejudice\" (p. 43).\r\n\r\nThe holiday issue included advertisements bought by JACL members and chapters that included personal addresses and phone numbers to better foster communications between Japanese American communities. These addresses and phone numbers have been redacted to help protect the privacy of Japanese American communities. Please contact Densho to request the original version.","extent":"11.5W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-28-51","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Nishikawa, Roy"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry"},{"namepart":"Enomoto, Jerry"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Tajiri, Larry"},{"namepart":"Ishihara, Seichi"},{"namepart":"Utsunomiya, Ken"},{"namepart":"Oyama, Mary"},{"namepart":"Kido, Saburo"},{"namepart":"Onuma, Michi"},{"namepart":"Abiko, Yas"},{"namepart":"Hoshiyama, Fred Y."},{"namepart":"Nunotani, Katherine"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Joe Grant"},{"namepart":"Mori, Henry"},{"namepart":"Fujita, Kyoichi"},{"namepart":"Hiraoka, Harry"},{"namepart":"Honda, Floyd Y."},{"namepart":"Shirakawa, Tom"},{"namepart":"Miyake, George"},{"namepart":"Nakamura, Harley"},{"namepart":"Renge, Howard"},{"namepart":"Kamikawa, Tom"},{"namepart":"Shirakawa, Tom"},{"namepart":"Toyama, Tom"},{"namepart":"Tanaka, Harris"},{"namepart":"Miyakawa, Tsuyako Sue"},{"namepart":"Kimoto, Ralph T."},{"namepart":"Hirata, Alice T."},{"namepart":"Kakutani, Sadao"},{"namepart":"Nakata, Harry"},{"namepart":"Kozuki, James"},{"namepart":"Doi, Eleanor"},{"namepart":"Chiamori, Akira"},{"namepart":"Kumataka, Byrd"},{"namepart":"Ogata, Kayte K."},{"namepart":"Ogata, Gerald M."},{"namepart":"Yamauchi, Bill"},{"namepart":"Kunitomi, Sue"},{"namepart":"Ikemoto, George"},{"namepart":"Inouye, Roy"},{"namepart":"Ushio, Shigeki"},{"namepart":"Ushio, Jim"},{"namepart":"Gordon, Tokuzo"},{"namepart":"Tashiro, Kenji"},{"namepart":"Nakaya, George"},{"namepart":"Morishita, Sud"},{"namepart":"Takahashi, Ferris"},{"namepart":"Imoto, Tad"},{"namepart":"Abe, George"},{"namepart":"Yokoyama, Hidesaburo"},{"namepart":"Takimoto, Tamezo"},{"namepart":"Akutagawa, Ryunosuke"},{"namepart":"Kasai, Henry"},{"namepart":"Terashima, Kay"},{"namepart":"Hattori, Frank"},{"namepart":"Kashiwagi, George"},{"namepart":"Kuniyuki, Yukio"},{"namepart":"Yoshioka, Juro"},{"namepart":"Kushida, Tats"},{"namepart":"Inouye, Yukus"},{"namepart":"Takahashi, George"},{"namepart":"Ishikawa, Sam"},{"namepart":"Morey, Den"}],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"December 21, 1956","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League author Nishikawa, Roy \nHonda, Harry \nEnomoto, Jerry \nHosokawa, Bill \nTajiri, Larry \nIshihara, Seichi \nUtsunomiya, Ken \nOyama, Mary \nKido, Saburo \nOnuma, Michi \nAbiko, Yas \nHoshiyama, Fred Y. \nNunotani, Katherine \nMasaoka, Joe Grant \nMori, Henry \nFujita, Kyoichi \nHiraoka, Harry \nHonda, Floyd Y. \nShirakawa, Tom \nMiyake, George \nNakamura, Harley \nRenge, Howard \nKamikawa, Tom \nShirakawa, Tom \nToyama, Tom \nTanaka, Harris \nMiyakawa, Tsuyako Sue \nKimoto, Ralph T. \nHirata, Alice T. \nKakutani, Sadao \nNakata, Harry \nKozuki, James \nDoi, Eleanor \nChiamori, Akira \nKumataka, Byrd \nOgata, Kayte K. \nOgata, Gerald M. \nYamauchi, Bill \nKunitomi, Sue \nIkemoto, George \nInouye, Roy \nUshio, Shigeki \nUshio, Jim \nGordon, Tokuzo \nTashiro, Kenji \nNakaya, George \nMorishita, Sud \nTakahashi, Ferris \nImoto, Tad \nAbe, George \nYokoyama, Hidesaburo \nTakimoto, Tamezo \nAkutagawa, Ryunosuke \nKasai, Henry \nTerashima, Kay \nHattori, Frank \nKashiwagi, George \nKuniyuki, Yukio \nYoshioka, Juro \nKushida, Tats \nInouye, Yukus \nTakahashi, George \nIshikawa, Sam \nMorey, Den","download_large":"ddr-pc-28-51-mezzanine-d0ea329423-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-sjacl-2-35","model":"entity","index":"8 2058/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-sjacl-2-35/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-sjacl-2-35/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-sjacl-2/ddr-sjacl-2-35-1-mezzanine-69f898b3f3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-sjacl-2/ddr-sjacl-2-35-1-mezzanine-69f898b3f3-a.jpg"},"title":"Joy Misako St. Germain Interview","description":"Ana Tanaka and Dr. Kyle Kinoshita led a conversation with Joy Misako St. Germain, detailing how she became involved with JACL and became a Seattle leader. Being one of just a few Japanese American families where she grew up, she felt a deep longing for a sense of community. Her love for Japanese American culture is one of the main factors that led to her moving to the Pacific Northwest. Joy was welcomed into the Seattle Chapter, and quickly became active. Chapter members were very encouraging, and soon she was active in the issues that JACL was engaged in during the 1990's. A clear leader who cared about the organization and was committed to their mission statement, she became chapter president. Joy helped establish many of the organizational structures that helped the Seattle Chapter sustain itself into a new century. Joy is optimistic about the newer generation of JACL activists and the work the organization has done to engage the younger generation. With the renewed focus of allyship with other communities and organizations, she feels as though everyone--the younger and older generations--can learn from each other as the JACL continues its work.","extent":"0:50:59","links_children":"ddr-sjacl-2-35","creators":[{"role":"narrator","id":1033,"namepart":"Joy Misako St. Germain"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Ana Tanaka"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Dr. Kyle Kinoshita"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Seattle JACL","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"2-Mar-22","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Joy Misako St. Germain narrator \nAna Tanaka interviewer \nDr. Kyle Kinoshita interviewer","download_large":"ddr-sjacl-2-35-1-mezzanine-69f898b3f3-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-29-5","model":"entity","index":"9 2059/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-29-5/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-29-5/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-5-mezzanine-60452582cc-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-29/ddr-pc-29-5-mezzanine-60452582cc-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 44, No. 5 (February 1, 1957)","description":"Selected article titles: \"JACL's seven point legislative program for 85th Congress bard Larger quotas for Japan, speed up on claims program among JACL objectives\" (p. 1); \"Race Discrimination report submitted to Washington Governor\" (p.1); \"Protest against Dr. Sammy Lee moving to Santa Ana change to welcome signs\" (p. 1); \"Nisei killed in air crash over school\" (p.1); \"Ex-Tule Lack renuciant restored U.S. citizenship\" (p. 2); \"Tokyo prosecutor indicts Cappy Harada on alleged foreign exchange law violation\" (p. 2); \"Orange County housing discrimination\" (p. 3); \"Dr. Sammy Lee main speaker for O.C. CL installation\" (p. 5); \"First Jr. JACL district convention to be hosted by Sacramento Feb. 3\" (p. 7); \"California legislators introduce civil rights bills; FEPC measure passage in House anticipated\" (p. 8); JACL to file statement supporting civil rights measure in Congress\" (p. 8).","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-29-5","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil liberties","id":"233"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Community activities -- Conventions and conferences","id":"299"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Korean American identity","id":"458"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Sansei","id":"338"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship -- Law and legislation","id":"340"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"02/01/1957","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-29-5-mezzanine-60452582cc-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-31-52","model":"entity","index":"10 2060/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-31-52/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-31-52/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-31/ddr-pc-31-52-mezzanine-8cea87f8fe-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-31/ddr-pc-31-52-mezzanine-8cea87f8fe-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 49, No. 26 (December 25, 1959)","description":"Selected article titles: \"14 Nisei and the Marauders\" (p. 3), \"Business of Rescuing Drowning Suicides\" (p. 7), \"Hawaii: Bridge to Asia\" (p. 13), \"Service is Basic Reason for JACL Existence\" (p. 20), \"Chapter feels its diversified program has 1960-70 appeal\" (p. 22), \"Paul Horiuchi: Before success was limned in his paint brushes\" (p. 37), \"Making community little better each year is rule\" (p. 38), \"Program areas of study suggested\" (p. 51), \"Undercurrent of opinion strong for JACL movement in 'Soaring '60s'\" (p. 52), \"Quotes from Jimmie Sakamoto's Courier\" (p. 54).\r\n\r\nThe holiday issue included advertisements bought by JACL members and chapters that included personal addresses and phone numbers to better foster communications between Japanese American communities. These addresses and phone numbers have been redacted to help protect the privacy of Japanese American communities. Please contact Densho to request the original version.","extent":"11W x 15.75H","links_children":"ddr-pc-31-52","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Wakamatsu, Shig"},{"namepart":"Yoshimura, Akiji"},{"namepart":"Kikuchi, Kan"},{"namepart":"Nakatsuka, Lawrence"},{"namepart":"Masaoka, Mike"},{"namepart":"Sugimoto, Aki"},{"namepart":"Sakamoto, Shig"},{"namepart":"Yamamoto, Irene"},{"namepart":"Yatabe, Linda"},{"namepart":"Kobayashi, Miyuki"},{"namepart":"Toyama, Thomas"},{"namepart":"Okura, Patrick"},{"namepart":"Nakamura, George"},{"namepart":"Mori, Henry"},{"namepart":"Hirata, Mine"},{"namepart":"Yoshida, Mary"},{"namepart":"Beekman, Allan"},{"namepart":"Kyotow, George"},{"namepart":"Hachiya, Josie"},{"namepart":"Horiuchi, Paul"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Elmer"},{"namepart":"Nakamura, Ayako"},{"namepart":"Tanaka, Henry"},{"namepart":"Sakamoto, Jimmie"},{"namepart":"Gordon, Harold"},{"namepart":"Kumata, Ruth"},{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Bill"},{"namepart":"Murayama, Tamotsu"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"December 25, 1959","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher Wakamatsu, Shig \nYoshimura, Akiji \nKikuchi, Kan \nNakatsuka, Lawrence \nMasaoka, Mike \nSugimoto, Aki \nSakamoto, Shig \nYamamoto, Irene \nYatabe, Linda \nKobayashi, Miyuki \nToyama, Thomas \nOkura, Patrick \nNakamura, George \nMori, Henry \nHirata, Mine \nYoshida, Mary \nBeekman, Allan \nKyotow, George \nHachiya, Josie \nHoriuchi, Paul \nOgawa, Elmer \nNakamura, Ayako \nTanaka, Henry \nSakamoto, Jimmie \nGordon, Harold \nKumata, Ruth \nMatsumoto, Bill \nMurayama, Tamotsu","download_large":"ddr-pc-31-52-mezzanine-8cea87f8fe-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-229-56","model":"entity","index":"11 2061/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-229-56/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-229-56/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-229/ddr-densho-229-56-mezzanine-f8a934b7e4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-229/ddr-densho-229-56-mezzanine-f8a934b7e4-a.jpg"},"title":"The Northwest Times Vol. 1 No. 69 (September 23, 1947)","description":"\"France and U.S. Will Honor Nisei GI War Dead in Special Ceremony in Bruyeres on October 30\" (p. 1), \"Visit to Japan Not O.K. Yet, JACL Learns\" (p. 1),\"Final Briefs Completed for Alien Land Law Case\" (p. 4).","extent":"17.5W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-densho-229-56","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Fukei, Budd"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Community activities -- Weddings","id":"28"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- 442nd Regimental Combat Team","id":"89"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"periodical","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"September 23, 1947","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fukei, Budd publisher","download_large":"ddr-densho-229-56-mezzanine-f8a934b7e4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-12-1","model":"entity","index":"12 2062/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-12-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-12-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-12/ddr-pc-12-1-mezzanine-3b228d244b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-12/ddr-pc-12-1-mezzanine-3b228d244b-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 12 No. 146 (October 1940)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Citizenship Lost Under Two Rulings\" (p. 1), \"Nat'l JACL to Launch 1941 Directory; Pacific Citizen Circulation Jumps to 5000\" (p. 1), \"Colorful History Lies Behind 1st Japanese In U.S.\" (p. 3), \"Nat'l Committee Reports\" (p. 4).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-12-1","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"October 1, 1940","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-12-1-mezzanine-3b228d244b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-24-30","model":"entity","index":"13 2063/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-24-30/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-24-30/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-24/ddr-pc-24-30-mezzanine-2701282e46-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-24/ddr-pc-24-30-mezzanine-2701282e46-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 35 No. 4 (July 26, 1952)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Wartime Relocation Agency Work Recalled as JACL Asks For Federal Anti-Bias Action\" (p. 1), \"Million Dollar Endowment Sought for JACL's Future\" (p. 1), \"Salt Lake TV Station Regrets Showing of Anti-Nisei Movie\" (p. 1).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-24-30","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"July 26, 1952","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-24-30-mezzanine-2701282e46-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-26-30","model":"entity","index":"14 2064/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-26-30/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-26-30/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-26/ddr-pc-26-30-mezzanine-5d58e4390e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-26/ddr-pc-26-30-mezzanine-5d58e4390e-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 39 No. 4 (July 23, 1954)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Orange County girl acclaimed as Miss National JACL of 1954\" (p. 1), \"'Horizontal Hank' Gosho sworn as first Nisei in foreign service\" (p. 1), \"Urge return of Japanese, German vested property on equal basis\" (p. 1).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-26-30","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"July 23, 1954","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-26-30-mezzanine-5d58e4390e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-32-4","model":"entity","index":"15 2065/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-32-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-32-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-32/ddr-pc-32-4-mezzanine-a15785963d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-32/ddr-pc-32-4-mezzanine-a15785963d-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 50 No.4 (January 22, 1960)","description":"Select article titles: \"JACL pushing for meaningful civil rights\" (p.1); \"U.S. Civil Rights Commission schedules hearings in Los Angeles, San Francisco\" (p.3); \"Rapid comeback of postwar Japan even greater than West Germany, D.C. CL told\" (p.8)","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-32-4","creators":[{"role":"Japanese American Citizen League","namepart":"publisher"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Francisco","id":"273"},{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"01/22/1960","status":"completed","search_hidden":"publisher Japanese American Citizen League","download_large":"ddr-pc-32-4-mezzanine-a15785963d-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-33-4","model":"entity","index":"16 2066/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-33-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-33-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-33/ddr-pc-33-4-mezzanine-416f882efd-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-33/ddr-pc-33-4-mezzanine-416f882efd-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 52, No. 4 (January 27, 1961)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Walter Tsukamoto Succumbs: Served for Thirty Years in Army with Distinction\" (p. 1), \"Americanism Was Foremost in Life of Past Nat'l President\" (p. 1), and \"Chuman Warns West L.A. JACL Members Be Registered Voters\" (p. 4).","extent":"17.25W x 22.25H","links_children":"ddr-pc-33-4","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement","id":"120"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsukamoto, Walter"},{"namepart":"Chuman, Frank F."}],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"January 27, 1961","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher Tsukamoto, Walter \nChuman, Frank F.","download_large":"ddr-pc-33-4-mezzanine-416f882efd-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-38-7","model":"entity","index":"17 2067/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-38-7/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-38-7/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-38/ddr-pc-38-7-mezzanine-ed4d1de36a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-38/ddr-pc-38-7-mezzanine-ed4d1de36a-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 62, No. 7 (February 16, 1966)","description":"Select article titles: \"Greater participation of Nisei in gov't urged at San Jose JACL installation\" (p.1); \"Immigration history of U.S. told in brief in forthcoming 'This Week'\" (p.1); \"South Seattle Farming Areas May Be Boeing's\" (p.1).","extent":"15W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-38-7","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics -- Running for office","id":"239"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture -- Farming","id":"345"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Aviation","id":"438"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"02/16/1966","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-38-7-mezzanine-ed4d1de36a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-41-10","model":"entity","index":"18 2068/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-41-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-41-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-41/ddr-pc-41-10-mezzanine-45d01fddca-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-41/ddr-pc-41-10-mezzanine-45d01fddca-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol 68, No. 10 (March 7, 1969)","description":"Select article titles: \"AJAs as racial intermediary urged\" (p. 1); \"S.F. students strike for identity\" (p. 1); \"Pranksters Fly 'Hinomaru' Up School Flagpole\" (p. 2) \"JACL Campaign Against Concentration Camps\" (p. 2); \"Gas disperses floral union workers\" (p. 3).","extent":"11W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-41-10","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement","id":"120"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Sansei","id":"338"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Small business -- Florists","id":"439"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"03/07/1969","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-41-10-mezzanine-45d01fddca-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-45-32","model":"entity","index":"19 2069/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-45-32/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-45-32/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-45/ddr-pc-45-32-mezzanine-0779689237-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-45/ddr-pc-45-32-mezzanine-0779689237-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 77, No. 07, (August 17, 1973)","description":"Select article titles: \"Away a Day from Watergate: Praises Embarrass Inouye\" (p.1); \"Need $250,000 for JACL Bldg.\" (p.1); \"Ruling Hits Private Schools\" (p.3); \"George Takei for Los Angeles City Council Election Sept. 18, 1973\" (p.3).","extent":"15W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-45-32","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizen League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics","id":"235"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Education","id":"31"},{"term":"Education -- Ethnic studies","id":"454"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Inouye, Daniel"},{"namepart":"Takei, George"}],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 17, 1973","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizen League publisher Inouye, Daniel \nTakei, George","download_large":"ddr-pc-45-32-mezzanine-0779689237-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-46-22","model":"entity","index":"20 2070/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-46-22/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-46-22/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-46/ddr-pc-46-22-mezzanine-0ae95c311b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-46/ddr-pc-46-22-mezzanine-0ae95c311b-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 78, No. 22 (June 7, 1974)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Tule Lake Pilgrimage: 'More Should've Come'\" (pp. 1-2), \"Benefactors of Nikkei Remembered\" (pp. 1-2), \"Record Is Clear, Nisei GIs Turned Attitude Around\" (p. 2), and \"Cleveland JACL: Plight of the Average J.A.\" (p. 2).","extent":"14.5W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-46-22","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Reflections on the past","id":"118"},{"term":"Reflections on the past -- Camp pilgrimages","id":"81"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"June 7, 1974","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-46-22-mezzanine-0ae95c311b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-46-30","model":"entity","index":"21 2071/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-46-30/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-46-30/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-46/ddr-pc-46-30-mezzanine-d6312872fd-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-46/ddr-pc-46-30-mezzanine-d6312872fd-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 79, No. 5 (August 2, 1974)","description":"Selected article titles: \"23rd Biennial Now History\" (p. 1), \"Convention Keynoter: On Asian Americanism\" (pp. 1-2, 4), \"JACL--Planning Commission: Reaffirm Cultural Pluralism\" (p. 2), and \"Delegates Not Worried About Budget Total, Just Their Share\" (pp. 2, 4).","extent":"14.5W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-46-30","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Community activities -- Conventions and conferences","id":"299"},{"term":"Identity and values","id":"42"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 2, 1974","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-46-30-mezzanine-d6312872fd-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-46-16","model":"entity","index":"22 2072/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-46-16/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-46-16/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-46/ddr-pc-46-16-mezzanine-747b7f7e57-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-46/ddr-pc-46-16-mezzanine-747b7f7e57-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 78, No. 16 (April 26, 1974)","description":"Selected article titles: \"An Editorial Up Front: Academic Racism\" (p. 1), \"U.S. Air Force to Substitute Its 'JAP' Acronym\" (p. 1), \"Cleveland JACL: Are We Imitators?\" (p. 2), and \"Evanston Public Schools Launches Illinois' First Bicultural Program\" (p. 4).","extent":"14.5W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-46-16","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Education","id":"31"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Japanese American identity","id":"47"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"April 26, 1974","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-46-16-mezzanine-747b7f7e57-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-47-38","model":"entity","index":"23 2073/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-47-38/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-47-38/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-47/ddr-pc-47-38-mezzanine-fe265a9c47-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-47/ddr-pc-47-38-mezzanine-fe265a9c47-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 81, No. 13 (September 26, 1975)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Ex-WRA Worker Helping Resettle Vietnam Refugees\" (p. 1), \"JACL California Tri-District: Stronger National Voiced\" (pp. 1-2), \"Wendy M. Yoshimura: Sansei Arrested with Patty Hearst\" (p. 1), and \"Minority One: Hawaii Revisited\" (p. 2).","extent":"14.5W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-47-38","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Hawai'i","id":"277"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Yoshimura, Wendy"}],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"September 26, 1975","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher Yoshimura, Wendy","download_large":"ddr-pc-47-38-mezzanine-fe265a9c47-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-48-13","model":"entity","index":"24 2074/{'value': 3101, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-48-13/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-48-13/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-48/ddr-pc-48-13-mezzanine-02367b5a32-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-48/ddr-pc-48-13-mezzanine-02367b5a32-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 82, No. 13 (April 2, 1976)","description":"Selected article titles: \"'Tokyo Rose' Accusers Told to Lie\" (pp. 1-2), \"Seattle JACL Committee Started Move to Eliminate E.O. 9066\" (p. 1), \"Editorials: Supreme Court Decisions\" (p. 2), and \"'Go for Broke!' vs. 'Farewell to Manzanar'\" (p. 4).","extent":"14.5W x 22.5H","links_children":"ddr-pc-48-13","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Performing arts -- Film","id":"249"},{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\") -- Exclusion orders","id":"188"},{"term":"World War II -- Propaganda -- Media propaganda","id":"427"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Yoshimura, Wendy"},{"namepart":"Satow, Masao"},{"namepart":"d'Aquino, Iva Toguri"}],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"April 2, 1976","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League publisher Yoshimura, Wendy \nSatow, Masao \nd'Aquino, Iva Toguri","download_large":"ddr-pc-48-13-mezzanine-02367b5a32-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"JACL","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}