(William Toshio Yasutake was interviewed together with his sister Mitsuye (Yasutake) Yamada and surviving brother, Joseph Yasutake, in group sessions on October 8-9, 2002. He was interviewed individually on November 14, 2002.
Before being contacted by Densho, the Yasutake siblings had planned to conduct their own family history interviews. Individually and jointly, they and other family members had written and gathered material documenting their family history. They shared much of this with me to assist with research and preparation for the Densho interview. Mitsuye's daughter Jeni had coordinated much of the family history work. Jeni participated as a secondary interviewer during the group sessions, October 8-9, 2002.The group interview sessions were conducted in Seattle at the home of Tom Ikeda, executive director of Densho. The oldest Yasutake sibling, Reverend Seiichi Michael Yasutake, had passed away less than a year before the Densho interviewing, in December, 2001. The remaining siblings emphasized that his absence left a gap in their discussion of family history. In addition to Jeni Yamada and videographers Dana Hoshide and John Pai, also present during some portions of the group interview were Tom Ikeda, and Mitsuye Yamada's son Kai Yamada.)","extent":"04:04:06","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-138","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":131,"namepart":"Tosh Yasutake"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"November 14, 2002","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tosh Yasutake narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ytosh-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-130","model":"entity","index":"1 526/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-130/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-130/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kmits-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kmits-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Mits Koshiyama Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born August 7, 1924, in Mountain View, California. Grew up in the Santa Clara Valley, California, working on his family's leased strawberry farm. In June of 1942, he was involuntarily \"evacuated\" to Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, then to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Graduated from high school in camp and at the age of 19, refused induction into the military on the grounds that the incarceration violated his Constitutional rights as an American citizen. Served two years at McNeil Island federal penitentiary, Washington. Later resettled in California and established a flower nursery business with his brother.","extent":"02:18:25","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-130","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":125,"namepart":"Mits Koshiyama"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs24","namepart":"Koshiyama, Mitsuru"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"July 14, 2001","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mits Koshiyama narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Koshiyama, Mitsuru 88922nr015zs24","download_large":"denshovh-kmits-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-42","model":"entity","index":"2 527/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-42/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-42/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kakiko-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kakiko-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Akiko Kurose Interview II","description":"Nisei female. Born February 11, 1925, in Seattle, Washington. During World War II, incarcerated at the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Longtime civil rights activist, educator, and pacifist.(Mrs. Kurose was undergoing treatment for cancer and required frequent breaks and medication to help her with pain management.)","extent":"01:37:02","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-42","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":48,"namepart":"Akiko Kurose"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr006t08b","namepart":"Kato, Akiko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 2, 1997","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Akiko Kurose narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Kato, Akiko 88922nr006t08b","download_large":"denshovh-kakiko-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-127","model":"entity","index":"3 528/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-127/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-127/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ipeter-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ipeter-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Peter Irons Interview II","description":"White male. Born 1940 in Salem, Massachusetts. Family moved frequently during his childhood due to father's employment. Strongly influenced by parents' values regarding racial tolerance and inclusion, and principles learned through Unitarian Church. While attending Antioch College in Ohio, became involved in political and social activism for civil rights. Joined the youth branch of NAACP, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and other groups. Active in sit-ins and other demonstrations addressing racial inequality, peace and related issues, eventually becoming a full-time organizer. Worked for the United Autoworkers Union. Resisted the draft, and was indicted by a federal grand jury in 1964. Convicted of failing to report for military service and sentenced to three years in prison. Graduated from Antioch College, 1966. Appealed his conviction to the United States Court of Appeals and lost. Served his sentence in federal institutions in Milan, Michigan, Terre Haute, Indiana, and Danbury, Connecticut. Following release from prison in 1969, attended graduate school at Boston University, obtaining PhD in political science in 1973. Accepted to Harvard Law School. While a law student, researched and filed a writ of error coram nobis with the federal court in which he had been convicted, and as a result had his conviction vacated. (Writ of error coram nobis establishes that the original case was premised on errors of fact withheld from the judge and the defense by the prosecution.) Graduated from Harvard Law School in 1978. Taught undergraduate and law school courses at several schools before joining faculty of the University of California at San Diego. While conducting research at the National Archives and Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. in preparation for writing a book, discovered evidence of governmental misconduct during World War II, which refuted the U.S. government's rationale of \"military necessity\" for the mass incarceration of persons of Japanese ancestry in 1942. Using this evidence, assisted the congressional Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. Contacted original defendants, initiated formation of legal teams, and was instrumental in filing petitions using the writ of error coram nobis, resulting in the reconsideration of the wartime \"internment cases\": Hirabayashi, Korematsu, and Yasui. Dr. Irons is a professor of political science and director of the Earl Warren Bill of Rights Project at the University of California, San Diego.","extent":"02:41:34","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-127","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":122,"namepart":"Peter Irons"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Lorraine Bannai"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"October 27, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Peter Irons narrator \nLorraine Bannai interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ipeter-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-126","model":"entity","index":"4 529/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-126/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-126/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ipeter-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ipeter-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Peter Irons Interview I","description":"White male. Born 1940 in Salem, Massachusetts. Family moved frequently during his childhood due to father's employment. Strongly influenced by parents' values regarding racial tolerance and inclusion, and principles learned through Unitarian Church. While attending Antioch College in Ohio, became involved in political and social activism for civil rights. Joined the youth branch of NAACP, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and other groups. Active in sit-ins and other demonstrations addressing racial inequality, peace and related issues, eventually becoming a full-time organizer. Worked for the United Autoworkers Union. Resisted the draft, and was indicted by a federal grand jury in 1964. Convicted of failing to report for military service and sentenced to three years in prison. Graduated from Antioch College, 1966. Appealed his conviction to the United States Court of Appeals and lost. Served his sentence in federal institutions in Milan, Michigan, Terre Haute, Indiana, and Danbury, Connecticut. Following release from prison in 1969, attended graduate school at Boston University, obtaining PhD in political science in 1973. Accepted to Harvard Law School. While a law student, researched and filed a writ of error coram nobis with the federal court in which he had been convicted, and as a result had his conviction vacated. (Writ of error coram nobis establishes that the original case was premised on errors of fact withheld from the judge and the defense by the prosecution.) Graduated from Harvard Law School in 1978. Taught undergraduate and law school courses at several schools before joining faculty of the University of California at San Diego. While conducting research at the National Archives and Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. in preparation for writing a book, discovered evidence of governmental misconduct during World War II, which refuted the U.S. government's rationale of \"military necessity\" for the mass incarceration of persons of Japanese ancestry in 1942. Using this evidence, assisted the congressional Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. Contacted original defendants, initiated formation of legal teams, and was instrumental in filing petitions using the writ of error coram nobis, resulting in the reconsideration of the wartime \"internment cases\": Hirabayashi, Korematsu, and Yasui. Dr. Irons is a professor of political science and director of the Earl Warren Bill of Rights Project at the University of California, San Diego.","extent":"02:21:49","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-126","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":122,"namepart":"Peter Irons"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Lorraine Bannai"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"October 25, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Peter Irons narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nLorraine Bannai interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ipeter-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-73","model":"entity","index":"5 530/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-73/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-73/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-nchizuko-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-nchizuko-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Chizuko Norton Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born July 3, 1924, in Seattle, Washington. Spent prewar childhood in Japan; Bellevue, Washington; and Kirkland, Washington. Incarcerated at Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Returned to Seattle after the war, obtained master's degree from the University of Washington in the field of social work. Founded Seattle's first alternative school program for the Seattle Public Schools and cofounded the Separation and Loss Institute. One of the first Nisei in a biracial marriage. Discusses impact of incarceration on Japanese American health and cultural identity.","extent":"03:00:14","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-73","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":76,"namepart":"Chizuko Norton"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zr54","namepart":"Tamaye, Chizuko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"April 27, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Chizuko Norton narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Tamaye, Chizuko 88922nr015zr54","download_large":"denshovh-nchizuko-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-89","model":"entity","index":"6 531/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-89/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-89/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-trae-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-trae-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Rae Takekawa Interview","description":"Sansei female. Born August 27, 1927, in Bellevue, Washington. Raised on the family farm in Bellevue, Washington, prior to World War II. Was incarcerated at the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Was released early to harvest sugar beets in Chinook, Montana. At the onset of World War II, her father was picked up by the FBI, detained by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle, and then incarcerated at the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana.","extent":"02:14:32","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-89","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":89,"namepart":"Rae Takekawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr010hw3c","namepart":"Matsuoka, Rae"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Vancouver, Washington","creation":"May 8, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Rae Takekawa narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Matsuoka, Rae 88922nr010hw3c","download_large":"denshovh-trae-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-140","model":"entity","index":"7 532/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-140/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-140/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-fmitsu-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-fmitsu-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Mitsu Fukui Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born September 21, 1911, in Seattle, Washington. Had a younger sister and three younger brothers. Father, Riichiro Fukano, employed by Oriental Trading Company as a bookkeeper in Seattle, before operating a dry cleaning business. Mother, Kiyono (Miyama) Fukano, a seamstress. Learned dressmaking from mother, and helped in the shop. Family lived upstairs above the shop, in a neighborhood with few Japanese American families. Paternal grandfather and grandmother joined the household and lived with them for eleven years before returning to Japan. Father served many years as secretary of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce. Mother served as president of Buddhist Women's Association. Graduated from Lincoln High School in 1930, attended University of Washington one year, and attended school in Japan one year. While living in Fukuoka Ken, served as interpreter for Charles Lindbergh, Yasha Heifetz, and other notable visitors. Married William Owari Fukui, an Issei, in 1936. Husband also in dry cleaning business. Son born 1939. Moved back to parents' house, along with her husband and son, in order to be together with her mother and brothers, when incarcerated in Puyallup Assembly Center in May, 1942. Father had been picked up earlier by FBI, after December 7, 1941, detained and interned separately. Incarcerated in Minidoka concentration camp. Son attended nursery school in Minidoka while she and husband worked. Released on indefinite leave in 1944 with husband and son, to relocate in Detroit, MI. Car vandalized and burglarized in Minidoka camp, during their drive back to Seattle in 1945. Protested lack of assistance from Minidoka concentration camp staff. With husband, started another dry cleaning business in Seattle, overcoming discrimination in financing. Retired from dry cleaning business. Did volunteer work for Children's Hospital in Seattle for over 30 years and provided home care for two and a half years for her husband who suffered from a severe stroke. After his death, she provided volunteer services at Seattle Keiro for six and a half years.","extent":"03:11:34","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-140","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":133,"namepart":"Mitsu Fukui"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr006n532","namepart":"Fukui, Mitsu"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 18 & 19, 2002","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mitsu Fukui narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer Fukui, Mitsu 88922nr006n532","download_large":"denshovh-fmitsu-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-njpa-1-1056","model":"entity","index":"8 533/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-njpa-1-1056/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-njpa-1-1056/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-njpa-1/ddr-njpa-1-1056-mezzanine-1a3db18642-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-njpa-1/ddr-njpa-1-1056-mezzanine-1a3db18642-a.jpg"},"title":"Gift for Wang Jingwei","description":"Caption on reverse [translation]: \"No. 1-3. Helmet Given to Wang Jingwei. It was announced at the Peer's Club on the 23rd that a young artist wanted to present Mr. Wang, who is renewing East Asian history, with a helmet he had made. He spent six months immersing himself in its creation with the backing of Duke Hiroyoshi Ito. Photograph: the completed helmet. [Stamped] March 25, 1940.\"","extent":"2.75W x 4.75H","links_children":"ddr-njpa-1-1056","format":"img","language":["jpn"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Wang, Jingwei"}],"contributor":"Hawai'i Times Photo Archives Foundation","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","creation":"March 25, 1940","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Wang, Jingwei","download_large":"ddr-njpa-1-1056-mezzanine-1a3db18642-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-22","model":"collection","index":"9 534/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-22/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-22/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-22/ddr-densho-22-222-mezzanine-4e416ae4a9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-22/ddr-densho-22-222-mezzanine-4e416ae4a9-a.jpg"},"title":"Saul Collection","description":"The Saul collection consists of images and documents related to Japanese American military service during World War II. Topics include: 522nd Field Artillery Battalion, 442nd Regimental Combat Team, 100th Infantry Battalion, Military Intelligence Service, rescue of the Lost Battalion, liberation of Dachau, etc. The content of this collection was brought together from multiple sources both organizational and personal. Donations were received from the National Archives and Records Administration, KD Gedenkstaette, Bob Ikeda, Ted Tsukiyama, Herbert K. Yanamura, Frank Takao, Danny Y. Teruya, Shiroku Yamamoto, Satoru Shikasho, Nobuichi Morris Miyasato, Lillian Yajima, Kenji Ego, Susumu Ito, and Clarence Matsumura.","extent":"497 black and white photographic prints and documents.","links_children":"ddr-densho-22","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","public":"1","rights":"nocc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-22-222-mezzanine-4e416ae4a9-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-56-504","model":"entity","index":"10 535/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-504/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-56-504/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-504-mezzanine-0ce2ce3a2b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-504-mezzanine-0ce2ce3a2b-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese Buy U.S. Bonds (July 6, 1941)","description":"The Seattle Daily Times, July 6, 1941, p. 2","extent":"Unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-56-504","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Seattle Times Company"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Lewis, William C.H."},{"namepart":"Ross, Earl T."},{"namepart":"Ito, Kenji"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"periodical","location":"Washington State","creation":"July 6, 1941","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Seattle Times Company publisher Lewis, William C.H. \nRoss, Earl T. \nIto, Kenji","download_large":"ddr-densho-56-504-mezzanine-0ce2ce3a2b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-31","model":"entity","index":"11 536/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-31/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-31/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-klouise-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-klouise-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Louise Kashino Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born April 25, 1926, in Seattle, Washington. Incarcerated at the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Resettled during the war in Chicago, Illinois, and returned to Seattle after the war. Member of the Seattle Nisei Veterans Committee Women's Auxiliary. In her interview, talks about her efforts to successfully get her husband's wartime court-martial conviction vacated after his death.
(For the first hour of this interview, an additional camera crew from KCTS Television was also present.)","extent":"02:02:28","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-31","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":35,"namepart":"Louise Kashino"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr006552p","namepart":"Tsuboi, Kiyoko Louise"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"March 15, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Louise Kashino narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Tsuboi, Kiyoko Louise 88922nr006552p","download_large":"denshovh-klouise-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-123","model":"entity","index":"12 537/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-123/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-123/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-itsuguo-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-itsuguo-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda Interview I","description":"Nisei male. Born August 15, 1924, in Portland, Oregon. Incarcerated at the North Portland Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Kept a diary beginning December, 1941, and through incarceration. Beginning as a teenager, was exceptionally active as a volunteer leader, first within a Japanese American church in Portland, later in camp with Federated Christian Church, school and service clubs, and throughout life. Graduated from Hunt High School and left Minidoka on indefinite work leave. Drafted in 1944; graduated from United States Military Intelligence Service Language School. After discharge, returned to Portland, Oregon, and graduated from college in 1949. One of the earliest Nisei to obtain Master of Social Work degree from University of Washington, 1951. Married, 1951, and had four children. Incarceration led him to resolve to work for social justice. In 1953, was one of the first Nisei hired as executive director of a nonprofit organization in the United States (outside the Japanese American community), and served at the Atlantic Street Center in Seattle for 33 years, leading its transformation from settlement house to social service agency. Worked to reduce racial discrimination. Promoted multi-racial, cross-cultural cooperation, equal opportunity and affirmative action in community, church, nonprofit, government and other arenas. Mentors and advises community members, including sharing a set of principles he developed based on values from his cultural heritage. Mr. Ikeda is the recipient of numerous awards, recognitions of service and honors for his professional and volunteer contributions to society.
(As a teenager prior to World War II, began keeping scrapbooks with newspaper articles and memorabilia, a lifetime habit.)","extent":"03:04:23","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-123","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":121,"namepart":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs1n","namepart":"Ikeda, Tsuguo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"September 27, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Ikeda, Tsuguo 88922nr015zs1n","download_large":"denshovh-itsuguo-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-120","model":"entity","index":"13 538/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-120/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-120/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-wmarianne-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-wmarianne-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Marianne West Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born November 4, 1926, in Seattle, Washington. Family lived in Leavenworth, Washington, then moved to the West Coast. After the outbreak of World War II, family was removed from Bellingham, Washington, to Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Transferred to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, before leaving to resettle in Spokane, Washington.
(This interview took place at the 2000 Tule Lake Pilgrimage in Klamath Falls, Oregon.)","extent":"00:41:33","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-120","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":118,"namepart":"Marianne West"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Steve Hamada"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0116r6t","namepart":"Sumihiro, Marian Fusaye"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Klamath Falls, Oregon","creation":"July 2, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Marianne West narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nSteve Hamada videographer Sumihiro, Marian Fusaye 88922nr0116r6t","download_large":"denshovh-wmarianne-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-131","model":"entity","index":"14 539/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-131/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-131/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-yfrank-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-yfrank-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Yamasaki Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born January 26, 1923, in Seattle, Washington. Spent prewar childhood in South Park and Belltown areas of Seattle. Incarcerated at the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Refused to participate in draft, imprisoned at McNeil Island Penitentiary, Washington, for resisting the draft. Resettled in Seattle.","extent":"01:27:32","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-131","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":108,"namepart":"Frank Yamasaki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zr92","namepart":"Yamasaki, Frank Hideo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"November 5, 2001","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Yamasaki narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Yamasaki, Frank Hideo 88922nr015zr92","download_large":"denshovh-yfrank-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-128","model":"entity","index":"15 540/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-128/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-128/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bpaul-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bpaul-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Paul Bannai Interview I","description":"Nisei male. Born July 4, 1920 in Delta, Colorado. Grew up in small mining and farming towns in Colorado, Utah and Arizona, until his family moved to Boyle Heights in the Los Angeles, California area. After graduating from high school, he tested discrimination and employment practices and eventually succeeded in obtaining a job at a bank. During World War II, his family was held in Manzanar concentration camp, California. Mr. Bannai joined the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, and was later transferred to the U.S. Military Intelligence Service. He served in New Guinea and elsewhere overseas, was an interpreter for the Allied Translator and Interpreter Service (ATIS), and interpreted at the surrender of Japanese forces at ceremonies in Indonesia. Married and eventually resettled in Gardena, California, where he worked in the floral industry before founding the Bannai Realty and Insurance Company. An extremely active community and civic volunteer, Mr. Bannai joined the Elks Club as well as many veterans' and other organizations. He was elected to the Gardena city council in 1972, and in 1973 was elected to the California State Legislature. In 1980, Mr. Bannai became the executive director of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC). In 1981, he was appointed chief director of the Memorial Affairs Department of the Veterans Administration by President Ronald Reagan.","extent":"02:27:06","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-128","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":123,"namepart":"Paul Bannai"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0099c15","namepart":"Bannai, Paul Takeo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 28, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Paul Bannai narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Bannai, Paul Takeo 88922nr0099c15","download_large":"denshovh-bpaul-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-163","model":"entity","index":"16 541/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-163/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-163/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-helaine-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-helaine-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Elaine Ishikawa Hayes Interview III","description":"Nisei female. Born June 30, 1923, in Willows, California. Grew up in Sacramento, California, prior to World War II. During the war, was removed to the Sacramento Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Left camp to attend college in Wisconsin, and later moved to Chicago, Illinois. Post-World War II, was active in many civic organizations such as the American Council on Race Relations. Later moved to Seattle, Washington, and worked for CAMP, the Central Area Motivation Program, the Model Cities program, and Public Health.","extent":"03:37:45","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-163","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":174,"namepart":"Elaine Ishikawa Hayes"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr014dw0s","namepart":"Ishikawa, Elaine"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"June 24, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Elaine Ishikawa Hayes narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer Ishikawa, Elaine 88922nr014dw0s","download_large":"denshovh-helaine-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-150","model":"entity","index":"17 542/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-150/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-150/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bpaul-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bpaul-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Paul Bannai Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born July 4, 1920 in Delta, Colorado. Grew up in small mining and farming towns in Colorado, Utah and Arizona, until his family moved to Boyle Heights in the Los Angeles, California area. After graduating from high school, he tested discrimination and employment practices and eventually succeeded in obtaining a job at a bank. During World War II, his family was held in Manzanar concentration camp, California. Mr. Bannai joined the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, and was later transferred to the U.S. Military Intelligence Service. He served in New Guinea and elsewhere overseas, was an interpreter for the Allied Translator and Interpreter Service (ATIS), and interpreted at the surrender of Japanese forces at ceremonies in Indonesia. Married and eventually resettled in Gardena, California, where he worked in the floral industry before founding the Bannai Realty and Insurance Company. An extremely active community and civic volunteer, Mr. Bannai joined the Elks Club as well as many veterans' and other organizations. He was elected to the Gardena city council in 1972, and in 1973 was elected to the California State Legislature. In 1980, Mr. Bannai became the executive director of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC). In 1981, he was appointed chief director of the Memorial Affairs Department of the Veterans Administration by President Ronald Reagan.","extent":"02:34:58","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-150","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":123,"namepart":"Paul Bannai"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0099c15","namepart":"Bannai, Paul Takeo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 29, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Paul Bannai narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Bannai, Paul Takeo 88922nr0099c15","download_large":"denshovh-bpaul-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-47","model":"entity","index":"18 543/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-47/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-47/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mtom-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mtom-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tom Matsuoka Interview","description":"Kibei male. Born August 1, 1903, in Sprecklesville, Maui, Hawaii. Taken to Japan in 1905 and raised by grandparents. Returned to the United States in 1919, joining father at Barneston sawmill in Washington. Married and farmed in Bellevue, Washington. Founded Bellevue Seinenkai and managed the Bellevue Vegetable Growers Association prior to World War II. Was picked up by the FBI on December 8, 1941, detained by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle, then interned at the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana. Was transferred to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and then to Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Was released to harvest sugar beets in Chinook, Montana, with his family as work crew. Established a farm in Chinook.","extent":"03:32:17","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-47","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":56,"namepart":"Tom Matsuoka"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr011h73h","namepart":"Matsuoka, Tom Takeo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Ridgefield, Washington","creation":"May 7, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tom Matsuoka narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Matsuoka, Tom Takeo 88922nr011h73h","download_large":"denshovh-mtom-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-154","model":"entity","index":"19 544/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-154/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-154/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-oarthur-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-oarthur-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Arthur Ogami Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born April 10, 1922, in Whittier, California. Spent childhood in California, before being removed to Manzanar concentration camp in 1942. Left Manzanar several times to work as a beet topper for local farmers. Decided to expatriate to Japan because of mother's wishes, and was transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp. In 1945, was moved with brother to Bismarck, North Dakota, a Department of Justice camp, before renouncing U.S. citizenship and traveling with family to Japan. Lived and worked in Japan until the 1950s, when he was able have his U.S. citizenship reinstated and return to the U.S. Raised family in Los Angeles, California.","extent":"03:57:38","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-154","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":170,"namepart":"Arthur Ogami"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs62","namepart":"Ogami, Arthur Mitsuru"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"March 10, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Arthur Ogami narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Ogami, Arthur Mitsuru 88922nr015zs62","download_large":"denshovh-oarthur-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-106","model":"entity","index":"20 545/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-106/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-106/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-yjimi-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-yjimi-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Jimi Yamaichi Interview I","description":"Nisei male. Born October 27, 1922. Grew up in San Jose, California, where his father had a farming operation. Incarcerated in the Pomona Assembly Center, Heart Mountain concentration camp and Tule Lake Segregation Center. Worked on an engineering crew on the Shoshone Dam, and later was a carpentry foreman in Tule Lake. Was in Tule during the riots, and during the imposition of the draft. He chose to resist the draft, and unlike other draft resisters, was exonerated of all charges by a judge in Eureka, California. After the war, conducted walking tours of the Tule Lake grounds during reunions organized by the Tule Lake Pilgrimage Committee.","extent":"01:15:35","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-106","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":107,"namepart":"Jimi Yamaichi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Steve Hamada"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zr8k","namepart":"Yamaichi, Jimi Jiso"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Klamath Falls, Oregon","creation":"July 4, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Jimi Yamaichi narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nSteve Hamada videographer Yamaichi, Jimi Jiso 88922nr015zr8k","download_large":"denshovh-yjimi-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-125","model":"entity","index":"21 546/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-125/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-125/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-itsuguo-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-itsuguo-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda Interview III","description":"Nisei male. Born August 15, 1924, in Portland, Oregon. Incarcerated at the North Portland Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Kept a diary beginning December, 1941, and through incarceration. Beginning as a teenager, was exceptionally active as a volunteer leader, first within a Japanese American church in Portland, later in camp with Federated Christian Church, school and service clubs, and throughout life. Graduated from Hunt High School and left Minidoka on indefinite work leave. Drafted in 1944; graduated from United States Military Intelligence Service Language School. After discharge, returned to Portland, Oregon, and graduated from college in 1949. One of the earliest Nisei to obtain Master of Social Work degree from University of Washington, 1951. Married, 1951, and had four children. Incarceration led him to resolve to work for social justice. In 1953, was one of the first Nisei hired as executive director of a nonprofit organization in the United States (outside the Japanese American community), and served at the Atlantic Street Center in Seattle for 33 years, leading its transformation from settlement house to social service agency. Worked to reduce racial discrimination. Promoted multi-racial, cross-cultural cooperation, equal opportunity and affirmative action in community, church, nonprofit, government and other arenas. Mentors and advises community members, including sharing a set of principles he developed based on values from his cultural heritage. Mr. Ikeda is the recipient of numerous awards, recognitions of service and honors for his professional and volunteer contributions to society.
(As a teenager prior to World War II, began keeping scrapbooks with newspaper articles and memorabilia, a lifetime habit.)","extent":"00:50:34","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-125","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":121,"namepart":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs1n","namepart":"Ikeda, Tsuguo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"October 20, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Ikeda, Tsuguo 88922nr015zs1n","download_large":"denshovh-itsuguo-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-157","model":"entity","index":"22 547/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-157/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-157/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-helaine-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-helaine-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Elaine Ishikawa Hayes Interview I","description":"Nisei female. Born June 30, 1923, in Willows, California. Grew up in Sacramento, California, prior to World War II. During the war, was removed to the Sacramento Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Left camp to attend college in Wisconsin, and later moved to Chicago, Illinois. Post-World War II, was active in many civic organizations such as the American Council on Race Relations. Later moved to Seattle, Washington, and worked for CAMP, the Central Area Motivation Program, the Model Cities program, and Public Health.","extent":"07:56:10","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-157","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":174,"namepart":"Elaine Ishikawa Hayes"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr014dw0s","namepart":"Ishikawa, Elaine"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 12 & 13, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Elaine Ishikawa Hayes narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer Ishikawa, Elaine 88922nr014dw0s","download_large":"denshovh-helaine-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-158","model":"entity","index":"23 548/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-158/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-158/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-helaine-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-helaine-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Elaine Ishikawa Hayes Interview II","description":"Nisei female. Born June 30, 1923, in Willows, California. Grew up in Sacramento, California, prior to World War II. During the war, was removed to the Sacramento Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Left camp to attend college in Wisconsin, and later moved to Chicago, Illinois. Post-World War II, was active in many civic organizations such as the American Council on Race Relations. Later moved to Seattle, Washington, and worked for CAMP, the Central Area Motivation Program, the Model Cities program, and Public Health.","extent":"04:03:19","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-158","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":174,"namepart":"Elaine Ishikawa Hayes"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr014dw0s","namepart":"Ishikawa, Elaine"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 18, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Elaine Ishikawa Hayes narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer Ishikawa, Elaine 88922nr014dw0s","download_large":"denshovh-helaine-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-119","model":"entity","index":"24 549/{'value': 3000, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-119/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-119/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-nbill-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-nbill-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Bill Nishimura Interview","description":"Nisei male, born June 21, 1920, in Compton, California. Raised on a farm in Lawndale, California. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, his father was picked up by FBI and detained at a Department of Justice (DOJ) internment camp in Lordsburg, New Mexico. His family voluntarily moved to Visalia, California, then was forcibly moved to Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Sent to Tule Lake concentration camp, California, as a result of answering \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questions.\" He renounced his U.S. citizenship in protest of the incarceration, and was transferred to the DOJ's Santa Fe internment camp, then to an Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) camp in Crystal City, Texas. After his release from Crystal City, he resettled in California. Mr. Nishimura regained his U.S. citizenship in 1953.
(This interview took place at the 2000 Tule Lake Pilgrimage in Klamath Falls, Oregon.)","extent":"01:01:09","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-119","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":117,"namepart":"Bill Nishimura"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Steve Hamada"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0133c3v","namepart":"Nishimura, Toru Bill"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Klamath Falls, Oregon","creation":"July 2, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Bill Nishimura narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nSteve Hamada videographer Nishimura, Toru Bill 88922nr0133c3v","download_large":"denshovh-nbill-01-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Ito,","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}