(Due to technical difficulties, this interview has audio problems in its second half.)","extent":"01:37:40","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-82","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":85,"namepart":"Tad Sato"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Stephen Fugita"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"August 15, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tad Sato narrator \nStephen Fugita interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer","download_large":"denshovh-stad-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1002-5","model":"entity","index":"2 1027/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1002-5/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1002-5/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-hjim-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-hjim-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Jim Hirabayashi Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born October 30, 1926, in small town of Thomas, Washington, on family farm. Attended school in Auburn, Washington, before being removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Left camp to work in Idaho, and was subsequently joined by family. Postwar, became a social anthropologist, and later became only the second Nisei to teach at San Francisco State University. Instrumental in the struggle to establish the field of Ethnic Studies. Brother of Gordon Hirabayashi, who defied the curfew and removal orders in 1942, and was arrested, convicted, and imprisoned. Gordon Hirabayashi's conviction was vacated in 1986.
(This interview was conducted by sisters Emiko and Chizuko Omori for their 1999 documentary, Rabbit in the Moon, about the Japanese American resisters of conscience in the World War II incarceration camps. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"01:33:56","links_children":"ddr-densho-1002-5","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":140,"namepart":"Jim Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Chizu Omori"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emiko Omori"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Emiko Omori and Witt Mons"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr014b913","namepart":"Hirabayashi, Akira James"}],"contributor":"Emiko and Chizuko Omori Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"October 2, 1992","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Jim Hirabayashi narrator \nChizu Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori and Witt Mons videographer Hirabayashi, Akira James 88922nr014b913","download_large":"denshovh-hjim-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"35","model":"narrator","index":"3 1028/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/35/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/35/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/klouise.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/klouise.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/35/interviews/"},"display_name":"Louise Kashino","bio":"Nisei female. Born April 25, 1926, in Seattle, Washington. Incarcerated at the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Resettled during the war in Chicago, Illinois, and returned to Seattle after the war. Member of the Seattle Nisei Veterans Committee Women's Auxiliary. In her interview, talks about her efforts to successfully get her husband's wartime court-martial conviction vacated after his death."},{"id":"310","model":"narrator","index":"4 1029/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/310/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/310/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tfrank.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tfrank.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/310/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank Shinichiro Tanabe","bio":"Nisei male. Born on August 10, 1919, in Osaka, Japan. Attended college at the University of Washington before being removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Established Tule Lake's newspaper, the Tulean Dispatch. Transferred to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, before resettling in Chicago. Drafted into the Military Intelligence Service, and served and worked in Tokyo as an interpreter."},{"id":"361","model":"narrator","index":"5 1030/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/361/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/361/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/akay.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/akay.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/361/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kay Aiko Abe","bio":"Nisei female. Born May 9, 1927, in Selleck, Washington. Spent much of childhood in Beaverton, Oregon, where father owned a farm. Influenced at an early age by parents' conversion to Christianity. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, worked to establish a successful volunteer program to feed the homeless in Seattle, Washington."},{"id":"843","model":"narrator","index":"6 1031/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/843/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/843/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mfrank_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mfrank_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/843/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frank Muramatsu","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 29, 1926, in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in the Portland area, where parents ran a farm. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left camp to attend college in Des Moines, Iowa, and was drafted into the military. After military service, finished college and returned to Oregon. Established a career in aerospace."},{"id":"672","model":"narrator","index":"7 1032/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/672/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/672/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hgeorge_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hgeorge_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/672/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Hara","bio":"Nisei male. Born January 12, 1925, in Portland, Oregon, where parents ran a hotel business. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left camp early to attend college in Ohio. Was drafted into the Military Intelligence Service and served in Japan during the U.S. occupation. Returned to Portland and established a career as a physician."},{"id":"786","model":"narrator","index":"8 1033/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/786/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/786/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ttomiko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ttomiko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/786/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tomiko Takeuchi","bio":"Sansei female. Born April 18, 1942, in Portland, Oregon. During World War II, moved as an infant with family to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, family moved for a time to New York, then returned to Oregon. Tomiko's father created and edited the Minidoka Interlude while in camp, and Tomiko's family republished and distributed it during the 1980s."},{"id":"755","model":"narrator","index":"9 1034/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/755/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/755/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/asab.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/asab.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/755/interviews/"},"display_name":"Sab Akiyama","bio":"Nisei male. Born April 7, 1924, in Oak Grove, Oregon. Grew up in the Hood River, Oregon, area, where parents ran a farm. During World War II, was removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Volunteered to serve in the U.S. Army during the war. After military service, returned to the Hood River area."},{"id":"885","model":"narrator","index":"10 1035/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/885/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/885/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hlillian.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hlillian.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/885/interviews/"},"display_name":"Lillian Horita","bio":"Nisei female. Born November 9, 1929, in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in Portland, where parents ran a cleaning business. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, then to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Transferred to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left camp to attend school in Des Moines, Iowa, before eventually returning to the West Coast and living in Seattle."},{"id":"1086","model":"narrator","index":"11 1036/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1086/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1086/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-550_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-550_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1086/interviews/"},"display_name":"Patricia Kiwa Koyamatsu","bio":"Sansei female. Born in 1933 in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Seattle where father ran a tailor shop. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed with family to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, resettled in Denver, Colorado, for several years before moving to Los Angeles. Returned to Seattle, raised a family, and became a teacher."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38","model":"collection","index":"12 1037/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-2-mezzanine-d47a6b93d2-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-2-mezzanine-d47a6b93d2-a.jpg"},"title":"CSU Dominguez Hills George and Mitzi Naohara Papers","description":"The George and Mitzi Naohara Papers consists of photo albums and scrapbooks compiled by George and Mitzi Naohara, and other documents pertaining to the Naohara and Masukawa family. Contained are photographs, correspondence, documents, and memorabilia depicting their experiences during World War II. George Nobuo Naohara is a Kibei Nisei, and his experiences include his farm labor in Idaho and Utah, incarceration in the Manzanar, Jerome, and Tule Lake camps, and the U.S. Army language school training and Korean War. He also engaged in Buddhist activities for his whole life and there are moving images depicting Gardena Buddhist Church activities after the war. Mitzi Masukawa Naohara was a preschool teacher at the Poston camp, Arizona, and also a member of a young Nisei women's club, \"Sigma Debs.” Her collected materials depict her life as a teacher and social events in the Poston camp during the war.","extent":"5.20 linear feet","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Naohara, George, 1919-2014"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Naohara, Mitzi, 1923-"}],"language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","public":"1","rights":"nocc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Naohara, George, 1919-2014 author \nNaohara, Mitzi, 1923- author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-2-mezzanine-d47a6b93d2-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-458","model":"collection","index":"13 1038/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-458/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-458/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-458/ddr-densho-458-90-mezzanine-4f61a98008-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-458/ddr-densho-458-90-mezzanine-4f61a98008-a.jpg"},"title":"Naomi Higaki Family Collection","description":"108 photographs documenting the Higaki family. Naomi Higaki grew up in Redwood City, California where he attended school and graduated from Sequoia Union High School in 1942. When World War II started the family (except for Naomi's father Nobuo who had been sent to a detention camp) moved to Kimberly, Idaho in April 1942 where they were able to find work on a farm. In 1944, Naomi was drafted into the army and took basic training at Camp Wolters, Texas. After seventeen weeks of training, he was shipped to Europe. He was part of the first occupational troops to replace the combat soldiers. After seventeen months overseas he got back home safely. He received his honorable discharge at Camp Beales, California near Marysville. Upon his discharge Naomi helped his parents and brothers run their cut flower nursery business. In 1953 he married Mae Yoshiko Miwa and had two sons.","extent":"Accession 1: 96 photographs; Accession 2: 12 photographs; Accession 3: 1 home movie","links_children":"ddr-densho-458","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","public":"1","rights":"cc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-458-90-mezzanine-4f61a98008-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-761","model":"entity","index":"14 1039/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-761/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-761/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-761-mezzanine-81c3ffddec-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-761-mezzanine-81c3ffddec-a.jpg"},"title":"News clippings regarding the incarceration of Japanese Americans, F.C. 19, December, 1943","description":"Collection of newspaper clippings covering Japanese Americans during World War II. Topics include incarceration camps, Japanese American soldiers, race, prejudice, work, and other commentary. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0763","extent":"18 pages; 10.5 x 8 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-761","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"New York Sun"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Cincinnati Post"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Chicago Tribune"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Seattle Times"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Des Moines Register"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Washington Evening Star"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Washington Post"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Boston Globe"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Chicago Daily News"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Pioneer Press"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Dispatch"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Northwest Arkansas Times"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Des Moines Register"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Star Journal"},{"role":"author","namepart":"News"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Herald Tribune"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Eagle"},{"role":"author","namepart":"New York World Telegram"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Chicago Sun"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Press Herald"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Arkansas Gazette"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Star Times"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Times-News"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Republican"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Post Intelligencer"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Post Gazette"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Christian Science Monitor"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Bisbee Daily Review"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Idaho Statesman"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Courier"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Los Angeles Times"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Military service","id":"88"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"New York Sun author \nCincinnati Post author \nChicago Tribune author \nSeattle Times author \nDes Moines Register author \nWashington Evening Star author \nWashington Post author \nBoston Globe author \nChicago Daily News author \nPioneer Press author \nDispatch author \nNorthwest Arkansas Times author \nDes Moines Register author \nStar Journal author \nNews author \nHerald Tribune author \nEagle author \nNew York World Telegram author \nChicago Sun author \nPress Herald author \nArkansas Gazette author \nStar Times author \nTimes-News author \nRepublican author \nPost Intelligencer author \nPost Gazette author \nChristian Science Monitor author \nBisbee Daily Review author \nIdaho Statesman author \nCourier author \nLos Angeles Times author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-761-mezzanine-81c3ffddec-a.jpg"},{"id":"191","model":"narrator","index":"15 1040/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/191/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/191/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hmay.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hmay.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/191/interviews/"},"display_name":"May Ota Higa","bio":"Nisei female. Born March 14, 1916, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Seattle and Ellensburg, Washington, before going to Japan to teach just prior to the onset of World War II. Returned to Seattle in 1941, and was removed with family to Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, resettled in Chicago, Illinois, and New York before returning to raise a family in Seattle, Washington."},{"id":"293","model":"narrator","index":"16 1041/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/293/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/293/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/asharon.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/asharon.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/293/interviews/"},"display_name":"Sharon Tanagi Aburano","bio":"Nisei female. Born October 31, 1925, in Seattle, Washington. Family owned and operated a successful grocery store prior to World War II. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left camp in 1944 to attend St. Mary's School of Nursing in Rochester, Minnesota. Worked in the medical field in Minnesota and Seattle before eventually pursuing a career in education."},{"id":"842","model":"narrator","index":"17 1042/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/842/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/842/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ttakeko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ttakeko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/842/interviews/"},"display_name":"Takeko Yokoyama Todo","bio":"Nisei female. Born April 3, 1927, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Seattle, where father was a truck driver and mother was a Japanese language school teacher. During World War II, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left camp to finish high school in Ohio and work as a schoolgirl. Eventually returned to Seattle and established a career as a stockbroker."},{"id":"742","model":"narrator","index":"18 1043/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/742/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/742/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sshiuko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sshiuko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/742/interviews/"},"display_name":"Shiuko Sakai","bio":"Nisei female. Born 1923 in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Seattle where parents operated a hotel. During World War II, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left camp to live and work in New York, then worked for several years in Japan for the U.S. occupation forces. Returned to the U.S. and worked at the Pentagon before retiring and moving to Portland, Oregon."},{"id":"699","model":"narrator","index":"19 1044/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/699/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/699/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ageorge.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ageorge.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/699/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Azumano","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 9, 1918, in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in Portland where parents ran a hotel and grocery business. Was drafted into the army prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and was transferred to the army reserves. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, returned to Portland and established a successful travel agency."},{"id":"779","model":"narrator","index":"20 1045/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/779/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/779/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ykenji.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ykenji.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/779/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kenji J. Yaguchi","bio":"Nisei male. Born December 22, 1922, in Tacoma, Washington. Grew up in the nearby town of Fife, Washington, where parents ran a farm. During World War II, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Was drafted into the military and served with the Combat Engineer Company of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team in Europe. After the war, became a chiropractor in Ontario, Oregon."},{"id":"985","model":"narrator","index":"21 1046/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/985/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/985/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-495_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-495_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/985/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kenji Ima","bio":"Nisei-Sansei male. Born July 15, 1937, in Seattle, Washington, where parents ran a hotel. During World War II, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, family returned to Seattle. After graduating from college and earning a post-doctoral degree, became a professor at San Diego State University. Focused on Asian American youth and worked with community organizations assisting immigrant families."},{"id":"1005","model":"narrator","index":"22 1047/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1005/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1005/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-511_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-511_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1005/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mary Okazaki Kozu","bio":"Nisei female. Born June 14, 1931, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Seattle, where parents ran a boarding house. During World War II, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left camp in 1943 and moved to Salt Lake City, Utah. Returned with family to Seattle after the war, attended the University of Washington, and worked in various positions for the U.S. government."},{"id":"65","model":"narrator","index":"23 1048/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/65/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/65/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nmako.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nmako.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/65/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mako Nakagawa","bio":"Nisei female. Born February 1, 1937, in Seattle, Washington. Spent prewar childhood in Seattle. Incarcerated at the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington; Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho; and Crystal City internment camp, Texas. In the postwar years, became a teacher, principal, and multicultural specialist for Washington State's Superintendent of the Office of Public Instruction. Developed and directed the Japanese American Cultural Heritage Program and the Rainbow Program, one of the first multiethnic educational programs in the country."},{"id":"74","model":"narrator","index":"24 1049/{'value': 1145, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/74/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/74/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nmartha.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nmartha.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/74/interviews/"},"display_name":"Martha Nishitani","bio":"Nisei female. Born February 27, 1920, in Seattle, Washington. Family owned and operated the Oriental Gardens, the first nursery in Lake City. Incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. An award-winning modern dancer who established the Martha Nishitani Modern Dance School and Martha Nishitani Modern Dance Company, she also choreographs for modern dance, opera, and theater productions, as well as specializes in teaching creative dance to children."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Idaho","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}