(This interview was conducted by sisters Emiko and Chizuko Omori for their 1999 documentary, Rabbit in the Moon, about the Japanese American resisters of conscience in the World War II incarceration camps. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"01:33:56","links_children":"ddr-densho-1002-5","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":140,"namepart":"Jim Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Chizu Omori"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emiko Omori"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Emiko Omori and Witt Mons"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr014b913","namepart":"Hirabayashi, Akira James"}],"contributor":"Emiko and Chizuko Omori Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"October 2, 1992","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Jim Hirabayashi narrator \nChizu Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori and Witt Mons videographer Hirabayashi, Akira James 88922nr014b913","download_large":"denshovh-hjim-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1001-41","model":"entity","index":"1 26/{'value': 653, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1001-41/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1001-41/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-hgrant_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-hgrant_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Grant Hirabayashi Interview","description":"Kibei male. Born November 9, 1919, in Thomas, Washington. Went to Japan at age twelve, attended school, and returned to the U.S. as a high school student. Enlisted in the army just prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and was eventually recruited for the Military Intelligence Service. Selected as one of fourteen Japanese Americans to fight with \"Merrill's Marauders.\" After the war, worked in Japan during the U.S. occupation, and became involved with the war crimes trials. Went on to work for the State Department and the Library of Congress.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:25:38","links_children":"ddr-densho-1001-41","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":208,"namepart":"Grant Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"John de Chadenedes"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Bainbridge Island, Washington","creation":"July 27, 2008","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Grant Hirabayashi narrator \nJohn de Chadenedes interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-hgrant_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-314","model":"entity","index":"2 27/{'value': 653, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-314/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-314/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hpj-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hpj-01-a.jpg"},"title":"PJ Hirabayashi Interview","description":"Sansei female. Born May 18, 1950, in San Rafael, California. Grew up in San Rafael, eventually attending California State University, Hayward, and University of California, Berkeley. Earned a master's degree from San Jose State University. Involved in civil rights and Asian American issues while in school. Along with husband, Roy Hirabayashi, founded San Jose Taiko.","extent":"02:00:09","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-314","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":544,"namepart":"PJ Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Izu"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Jose, California","creation":"January 27, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"PJ Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nTom Izu interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hpj-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-183","model":"entity","index":"3 28/{'value': 653, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-183/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-183/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgrant-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgrant-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Grant Hirabayashi Interview","description":"Kibei male. Born November 9, 1919, in Thomas, Washington. Went to Japan at age twelve, attended school, and returned to the U.S. as a high school student. Enlisted in the army just prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and was eventually recruited for the Military Intelligence Service. Selected as one of fourteen Japanese Americans to fight with \"Merrill's Marauders.\" After the war, worked in Japan during the U.S. occupation, and became involved with the war crimes trials. Went on to work for the State Department and the Library of Congress.","extent":"03:09:24","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-183","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":208,"namepart":"Grant Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"January 11, 2006","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Grant Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgrant-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-220","model":"entity","index":"4 29/{'value': 653, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-220/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-220/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hjim-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hjim-02-a.jpg"},"title":"James Hirabayashi Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born October 30, 1926, in small town of Thomas, Washington, on family farm. Attended school in Auburn, Washington, before being removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Left camp to work in Idaho, and was subsequently joined by family. Postwar, became a social anthropologist, and later became only the second Nisei to teach at San Francisco State University. Instrumental in the struggle to establish the field of Ethnic Studies. Brother of Gordon Hirabayashi, who defied the curfew and removal orders in 1942, and was arrested, convicted, and imprisoned. Gordon Hirabayashi's conviction was vacated in 1986.","extent":"01:56:32","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-220","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":140,"namepart":"Jim Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Megan Asaka"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr014b913","namepart":"Hirabayashi, Akira James"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Denver, Colorado","creation":"July 4, 2008","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Jim Hirabayashi narrator \nMegan Asaka interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Hirabayashi, Akira James 88922nr014b913","download_large":"denshovh-hjim-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-493","model":"entity","index":"5 30/{'value': 653, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-493/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-493/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-493-1-mezzanine-0e2f2cd138-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-493-1-mezzanine-0e2f2cd138-a.jpg"},"title":"Hannah Hirabayashi Interview","description":"Nisei-Sansei female. Born 1938 in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in the town of Christopher, now part of Auburn, Washington, where parents ran a grocery store. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested by the FBI and sent to the Fort Missoula internment camp, Montana. The rest of the family went to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, then volunteered to help set up the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, then transferred to the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. After leaving camp, lived for a short time in Spokane, Washington, before moving to Seattle. Grew up in Seattle, attending Catholic school and eventually becoming a teacher in the Catholic school system.","extent":"1:11:47","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-493","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":982,"namepart":"Hannah Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Barbara Yasui"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0052k4g","namepart":"Hirabayashi, Hannah Hanami"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"March 10, 2022","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hannah Hirabayashi narrator \nBarbara Yasui interviewer \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Hirabayashi, Hannah Hanami 88922nr0052k4g","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-493-1-mezzanine-0e2f2cd138-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-2","model":"entity","index":"6 31/{'value': 653, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-hgordon-06-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-hgordon-06-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"
(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:15:22","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-2","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","creation":"October 25, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-06-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-26-33","model":"entity","index":"7 32/{'value': 653, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-26-33/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-26-33/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-26/ddr-densho-26-33-mezzanine-29b52d87f0-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-26/ddr-densho-26-33-mezzanine-29b52d87f0-a.jpg"},"title":"A group standing next to a piece of art","description":"The art represents Hirabayashi v. United States.","extent":"Unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-26-33","format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","creation":"c.1990s-2000s","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-26-33-mezzanine-29b52d87f0-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-150-21","model":"segment","index":"8 33/{'value': 653, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-150-21/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-150-21/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bpaul-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bpaul-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Paul Bannai Interview II Segment 21","description":"Reflecting on the Hirabayashi, Korematsu and Yasui coram nobis cases","extent":"00:03:04","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-150-21","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":123,"namepart":"Paul Bannai"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 29, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Paul Bannai narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-bpaul-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-54-9","model":"segment","index":"9 34/{'value': 653, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-54-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-54-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mhenry-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mhenry-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Henry Miyatake Interview II Segment 9","description":"Trying to start a collection for Gordon Hirabayashi, encountering resistance","extent":"00:04:25","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-54-9","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":59,"namepart":"Henry Miyatake"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"},{"term":"World War II -- Japanese American Citizens League activities","id":"400"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"May 4, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Henry Miyatake narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer","download_large":"denshovh-mhenry-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-156-62","model":"entity","index":"10 35/{'value': 653, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-156-62/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-156-62/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-156/ddr-densho-156-62-mezzanine-f196a884e4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-156/ddr-densho-156-62-mezzanine-f196a884e4-a.jpg"},"title":"Student essay: \"A Review\"","description":"","extent":"2329W x 3145H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-156-62","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Hirabayashi, Edna"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Arts and literature -- Literary arts -- Essays","id":"240"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Hirabayashi, Edna"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"essay","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"December 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hirabayashi, Edna author Hirabayashi, Edna","download_large":"ddr-densho-156-62-mezzanine-f196a884e4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-67-325","model":"entity","index":"11 36/{'value': 653, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-325/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-67-325/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-67/ddr-densho-67-325-mezzanine-bf7a7cec42-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-67/ddr-densho-67-325-mezzanine-bf7a7cec42-a.jpg"},"title":"Testimony of Gordon Hirabayashi","description":"Written testimony of Gordon Hirabayashi, titled: \"Some Wartime Inconsistencies and Citizen Rights: A Call for Redress.\" This testimony was submitted for the CWRIC hearing in Washington, D.C., on July 14, 1981.","extent":"2472W x 3211H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-67-325","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Hirabayashi, Gordon"}],"topics":[{"term":"Redress and reparations -- Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) -- Hearings -- Washington, D.C. hearings","id":"218"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Hirabayashi, Gordon"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"misc_document","location":"Washington, D.C.","creation":"14-Jul-81","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hirabayashi, Gordon author Hirabayashi, Gordon","download_large":"ddr-densho-67-325-mezzanine-bf7a7cec42-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-326-365","model":"entity","index":"12 37/{'value': 653, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-326-365/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-326-365/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-326/ddr-densho-326-365-mezzanine-0e94df82bb-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-326/ddr-densho-326-365-mezzanine-0e94df82bb-a.jpg"},"title":"Man with life ring on board ship, wearing baseball uniform","description":"Caption: Joe Hirabayashi on the way to Japan","extent":"unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-326-365","format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","creation":"c. 1933","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-326-365-mezzanine-0e94df82bb-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-442-113","model":"entity","index":"13 38/{'value': 653, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-442-113/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-442-113/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-442/ddr-densho-442-113-mezzanine-14cea9c604-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-442/ddr-densho-442-113-mezzanine-14cea9c604-a.jpg"},"title":"Anniversary party","description":"Photograph of six people at Frank and Mary Yamato's anniversary party. Written along the bottom is \"Okubo's, Frank & Mary, Jo & Alice Hirabayashi\" in black ink. 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