This interview was conducted by sisters Emiko and Chizuko Omori for their 1999 documentary, Rabbit in the Moon, about the Japanese American resisters of conscience in the World War II incarceration camps. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:06:03","links_children":"ddr-densho-1002-9-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":142,"namepart":"Frank Emi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emiko Omori"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Chizu Omori"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Emiko and Chizuko Omori Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"March 20, 1994","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Emi narrator \nEmiko Omori interviewer \nChizu Omori interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-efrank-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-651","model":"entity","index":"3 278/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-651/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-651/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-651-mezzanine-6990071770-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-651-mezzanine-6990071770-a.jpg"},"title":"General information bulletin (Cody, Wyo.), series 18 (September 26, 1942)","description":"General information bulletin, series 18, published at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp, Wyoming on September 26, 1942. Bulletin including news, events, and topics related to Heart Mountain incarceration camp. Includes: $100,000 war industry plant to be built here; Policy of community enterprise explained; Heart Mountain officials in Denver; Fashion classes to start Monday; Surprise shower given to Helen Kojo; Rehearsals set for string ensemble, drum and bugle corps; Girls to outline sports program; Positions open for recreational leaders; Civilians permitted to visit Center; Ground broken for first factory; Loitering in hospital banned; Conclude sign up for apple picking; Schedule of religious services; Importance of fire prevention stressed; Begin preliminary work in ceramics,; 225 tons of coal delivered here daily; Personal property may be shipped here; Nurses aides classes to begin Monday; Softball games slated; Boys' social organizational meeting Monday; Judo jackets being completed; Warning to truck drivers, colonists. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0653","extent":"6 pages; 10.5 x 8 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-651","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Social and recreational activities","id":"195"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications","id":"74"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Cody, Wyoming","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"9/26/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"United States. War Relocation Authority author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-651-mezzanine-6990071770-a.jpg"},{"id":"154","model":"narrator","index":"4 279/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/154/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/154/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kyosh.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kyosh.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/154/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yosh Kuromiya","bio":"Nisei male. April 23, 1923, in Sierra Madre, California. Was pursuing a degree in art at Pasadena Junior College at the time of mass removal. While incarcerated at Heart Mountain, Wyoming, continued his artistic pursuits, drawing sketches and designing posters, etc. for various camp projects. Resisted the draft at age 21, and was indicted in 1944 for draft evasion. After serving time in prison, worked as a gardener before becoming a landscape architect in the late 1950s."},{"id":"302","model":"narrator","index":"5 280/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/302/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/302/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tcarolyn.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tcarolyn.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/302/interviews/"},"display_name":"Carolyn Takeshita","bio":"Sansei female. Born June 2, 1937 in Los Angeles, California. Family removed to Poston concentration camp, Arizona, and resettled in Denver, Colorado, after World War II. Moved to Boyle Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles in 1950. Returned to Colorado and attended high school and college in Denver. Worked as a speech pathologist and educator. Active in Japanese American community projects, including Denver Japanese American Heritage School (Chibi no Gakko), Japanese American Resource Center and Heart Mountain Wyoming Foundation."},{"id":"222","model":"narrator","index":"6 281/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/222/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/222/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ykazue.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ykazue.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/222/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kazue Yamamoto","bio":"Nisei female. Born January 14, 1927, in Wapato, Washington, where family operated a truck farm. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to North Portland Assembly Center and Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Family left camp in 1945 for Spokane, Washington. Worked as a domestic on Spokane's South Hill before becoming a licensed beautician. Married husband Dick Yamamoto in 1952. Although raised Buddhist, was baptized in 1963 and was active with the Highland Park Methodist Church."},{"id":"980","model":"narrator","index":"7 282/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/980/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/980/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-ajah-1-4_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-ajah-1-4_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/980/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mary Nakata Tomita","bio":"Nisei female. Born August 6, 1931, in Alameda, California. Had a twin sister, and as an infant was adopted by mother's cousin and her husband. Grew up in Alameda, where adoptive father ran a garage. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Returned to California after the war. Graduated from UC Berkeley and worked for Dow Chemical. Raised a family in Palo Alto, California."},{"id":"994","model":"narrator","index":"8 283/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/994/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/994/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-503_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-503_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/994/interviews/"},"display_name":"Elliot Yoshinobu Horikoshi","bio":"Nisei male. Born December 26, 1938, in Salem, Oregon. Family moved frequently before the war due to father's profession as a Methodist minister. During World War II, removed to Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. After leaving camp, family moved to Boston, Massachusetts, where father could attend graduate seminary school. Eventually moved to Oakland, California, where Mr. Horikoshi attended college and became a pharmacist. Married and raised a family in California's Bay Area."},{"id":"1054","model":"narrator","index":"9 284/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1054/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1054/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-1_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-1_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1054/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mary Ishimoto Watanabe","bio":"Nisei female. Born September 29, 1920, in San Jose, California. Grew up in Cupertino, California. Attending San Jose State College when World War II broke out. Sent to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Left camp with the help of the National Student Relocation Council to attend graduate school. Completed a doctorate degree at Cambridge College in Boston before getting married and moving to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Taught at the University of Pennsylvania."},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-6","model":"entity","index":"10 285/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-6/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-6/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-hsam-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-hsam-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Sam Horino Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born July 17, 1914, in Gardena, California. Passively resisted \"evacuation\" in 1942, forcing two soldiers to carry him out of his home. Incarcerated at Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, and became one of the steering committee leaders of the Fair Play Committee (FPC). Was tried along with the other FPC leaders and was convicted to conspiracy to counsel draft evasion. Served time in Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary, Kansas, and then returned home to California.
(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"00:47:43","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-6","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":152,"namepart":"Sam Horino"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Monterey Park, California","creation":"February 22, 1993","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Sam Horino narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-hsam-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-8","model":"entity","index":"11 286/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kyosh-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kyosh-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Yosh Kuromiya Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born April 1923 in Sierra Madre, California. Was pursuing a degree in art at Pasadena Junior College at the time of mass removal. While incarcerated at Heart Mountain, Wyoming, continued his artistic pursuits, drawing sketches and designing posters, etc. for various camp projects. Resisted the draft at age 21, and was indicted in 1944 for draft evasion. After serving time in prison, worked as a gardener before becoming a landscape architect in the late 1950s.
(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"00:28:28","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-8","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":154,"namepart":"Yosh Kuromiya"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr008xp0z","namepart":"Kuromiya, Yoshito"}],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 15 & 16, 1993","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yosh Kuromiya narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer Kuromiya, Yoshito 88922nr008xp0z","download_large":"denshovh-kyosh-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-16-21","model":"entity","index":"12 287/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-16-21/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-16-21/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-16/ddr-pc-16-21-mezzanine-9d00f1d7bd-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-16/ddr-pc-16-21-mezzanine-9d00f1d7bd-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 18 No. 17 (May 20, 1944)","description":"Selected article titles: \"WRA Survey Reveals Most Japanese American Evacuees Have Never Visited Japan\" (p. 1), \"39 Evacuee Women Return to West Coast Homes With Permission of Gen. Emmons\" (p. 1), \"Wyoming Court Sets Date for Draft Trial. 63 Heart Mountain Youths Will Get Joint Trial on Charges\" (p. 1), \"Chicago Leads In Relocation Of Evacuees\" (p. 2), \"GI's Say They're Not Fighting For World of Hate, Suspicion\" (p. 2), \"New Hostel For Evacuees Will Aid Relocation in Philadelphia\" (p. 7).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-16-21","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"May 20, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-16-21-mezzanine-9d00f1d7bd-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1011-7","model":"entity","index":"13 288/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1011-7/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1011-7/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1011/denshovh-snobu_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1011/denshovh-snobu_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Nobu Shimokochi Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born in Los Angeles, California. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. After leaving camp eventually returned to California.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:07:25","links_children":"ddr-densho-1011-7","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":803,"namepart":"Nobu Shimokochi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Raechel Donahue"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zz4b","namepart":"Shimokochi, Nobuyuki"}],"contributor":"Raechel Donahue and Garrett Lindemann Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Nobu Shimokochi narrator \nRaechel Donahue interviewer Shimokochi, Nobuyuki 88922nr015zz4b","download_large":"denshovh-snobu_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1011-2","model":"entity","index":"14 289/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1011-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1011-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1011/denshovh-ydonald-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1011/denshovh-ydonald-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Donald Yamamoto Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born 1930 in San Jose, California. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. After leaving camp, returned to California.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:23:12","links_children":"ddr-densho-1011-2","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":798,"namepart":"Donald Yamamoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Raechel Donahue"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr011dx86","namepart":"Yamamoto, Donald"}],"contributor":"Raechel Donahue and Garrett Lindemann Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Jose, California","creation":"October 15, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Donald Yamamoto narrator \nRaechel Donahue interviewer Yamamoto, Donald 88922nr011dx86","download_large":"denshovh-ydonald-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-chi-1-4","model":"entity","index":"15 290/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-chi-1-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-chi-1-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-chi-1/ddr-chi-1-4-1-mezzanine-a3b4800a86-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-chi-1/ddr-chi-1-4-1-mezzanine-a3b4800a86-a.jpg"},"title":"Susumu Mukushima Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born October 8, 1942, in Los Angeles, California. During World War II, mother and father received special dispensation to delay going to the Santa Anita Assembly Center to give birth. After Susumu was born, the family was sent to Santa Anita and then the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, and later transferred to Tule Lake, California. After leaving camp, went to live at Seabrook Farms, New Jersey, where father was a Buddhist priest. Eventually moved to Chicago, Illinois.","extent":"1:00:44","links_children":"ddr-chi-1-4","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":958,"namepart":"Susumu Mukushima"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Anna Takada"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015xn5c","namepart":"Mukushina, Susumu"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Service Committee (JASC) and Chicago Japanese American Historical Society (CJAHS)","rights":"nocc","genre":"interview","creation":"September 14, 2017","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Susumu Mukushima narrator \nAnna Takada interviewer Mukushina, Susumu 88922nr015xn5c","download_large":"ddr-chi-1-4-1-mezzanine-a3b4800a86-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-516","model":"entity","index":"16 291/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-516/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-516/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-516-1-mezzanine-4cc4e8bba7-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-516-1-mezzanine-4cc4e8bba7-a.jpg"},"title":"Sam Mihara Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born February 1, 1933, in San Francisco, California. Grew up in San Francisco's Japantown, where father edited a bilingual newspaper. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. After leaving camp, lived for a time in Salt Lake City, Utah, before returning home to San Francisco. Graduated from UC Berkeley and worked for Boeing. In retirement, traveled all over the U.S. and internationally speaking about World War II experiences.","extent":"2:00:55","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-516","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":1008,"namepart":"Sam Mihara"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Brian Niiya"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Yuka Murakami"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0090p90","namepart":"Mihara, Kiyoshi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"October 7, 2022","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Sam Mihara narrator \nBrian Niiya interviewer \nYuka Murakami videographer Mihara, Kiyoshi 88922nr0090p90","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-516-1-mezzanine-4cc4e8bba7-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-458","model":"entity","index":"17 292/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-458/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-458/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-458-1-mezzanine-89470e1e91-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-458-1-mezzanine-89470e1e91-a.jpg"},"title":"Hal Keimi Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born October 23, 1931, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in the Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles, where parents ran a dry cleaning business. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. After leaving camp, lived for a time in a trailer park in Lomita, California, before eventually returning to Los Angeles. Became a teacher and baseball coach, and longtime volunteer docent at the Japanese American National Museum.","extent":"0:00:00","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-458","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":906,"namepart":"Hal Keimi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Brian Niiya"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emily Anderson"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr008v63m","namepart":"Keimi, Harold"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"February 5, 2019","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hal Keimi narrator \nBrian Niiya interviewer \nEmily Anderson interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Keimi, Harold 88922nr008v63m","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-458-1-mezzanine-89470e1e91-a.jpg"},{"id":"125","model":"narrator","index":"18 293/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/125/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/125/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kmits.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kmits.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/125/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mits Koshiyama","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 7, 1924, in Mountain View, California. Grew up in the Santa Clara Valley, California, working on his family's leased strawberry farm. In June of 1942, he was involuntarily \"evacuated\" to Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, then to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Graduated from high school in camp and at the age of 19, refused induction into the military on the grounds that the incarceration violated his Constitutional rights as an American citizen. Served two years at McNeil Island federal penitentiary, Washington. Later resettled in California and established a flower nursery business with his brother. Currently, Mr. Koshiyama participates in speaking engagements regarding his wartime resistance."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-308","model":"entity","index":"19 294/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-308/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-308/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ijames-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ijames-01-a.jpg"},"title":"James O. Ito Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born August 10, 1914, in Riverside, California. Grew up in Los Angeles, California. Graduated from college before World War II. During the war, removed to the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Was a key person heading Heart Mountain's agricultural program. Served in the Military Intelligence Service in Korea.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:11:21","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-308","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":527,"namepart":"James O. Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr008rc7s","namepart":"Ito, James Osamu"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Laguna Woods, California","creation":"November 9, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"James O. Ito narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Ito, James Osamu 88922nr008rc7s","download_large":"denshovh-ijames-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-10","model":"entity","index":"20 295/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kmits-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kmits-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Mits Koshiyama Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born August 7, 1924, in Mountain View, California. Grew up in the Santa Clara Valley, California, working on his family's leased strawberry farm. In June of 1942, he was involuntarily \"evacuated\" to Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, then to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Graduated from high school in camp and at the age of 19, refused induction into the military on the grounds that the incarceration violated his Constitutional rights as an American citizen. Served two years at McNeil Island federal penitentiary, Washington. Later resettled in California and established a flower nursery business with his brother.
(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"00:37:46","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-10","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":125,"namepart":"Mits Koshiyama"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs24","namepart":"Koshiyama, Mitsuru"}],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 15 & 16, 1993","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mits Koshiyama narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer Koshiyama, Mitsuru 88922nr015zs24","download_large":"denshovh-kmits-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-20","model":"entity","index":"21 296/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-20/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-20/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Emi Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born September 23, 1916, in Los Angeles, California. Attended Los Angeles City College for one year before leaving to run the family produce business. Married and had a daughter before being removed to Pomona Assembly Center, California, and Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. The leader of Heart Mountain's Fair Play Committee, was convicted of resisting the draft, and was imprisoned for eighteen months at Leavenworth, Kansas. After leaving prison, worked for the U.S. post office and the California state unemployment office. Mr. Emi practiced judo as a young person before the war, and postwar, taught at the Hollywood Judo Dojo.
(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"01:39:02","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-20","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":142,"namepart":"Frank Emi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr004xx71","namepart":"Emi, Frank Seishi"}],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"January 30, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Emi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer Emi, Frank Seishi 88922nr004xx71","download_large":"denshovh-efrank-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-5","model":"entity","index":"22 297/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-5/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-5/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-efrank-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Emi Interview I","description":"Nisei male. Born September 23, 1916, in Los Angeles, California. Attended Los Angeles City College for one year before leaving to run the family produce business. Married and had a daughter before being removed to Pomona Assembly Center, California, and Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. The leader of Heart Mountain's Fair Play Committee, was convicted of resisting the draft, and was imprisoned for eighteen months at Leavenworth, Kansas. After leaving prison, worked for the U.S. post office and the California state unemployment office. Mr. Emi practiced judo as a young person before the war, and postwar, taught at the Hollywood Judo Dojo.
(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"00:45:44","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-5","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":142,"namepart":"Frank Emi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr004xx71","namepart":"Emi, Frank Seishi"}],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Gabriel, California","creation":"February 23, 1993","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Emi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer Emi, Frank Seishi 88922nr004xx71","download_large":"denshovh-efrank-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"958","model":"narrator","index":"23 298/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/958/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/958/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-chi-1-4_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-chi-1-4_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/958/interviews/"},"display_name":"Susumu Mukushina","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 8, 1942, in Los Angeles, California. During World War II, mother and father received special dispensation to delay going to the Santa Anita Assembly Center to give birth. After Susumu was born, the family was sent to Santa Anita and then the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, and later transferred to Tule Lake, California. After leaving camp, went to live at Seabrook Farms, New Jersey, where father was a Buddhist priest. Eventually moved to Chicago, Illinois."},{"id":"906","model":"narrator","index":"24 299/{'value': 389, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/906/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/906/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-458_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-458_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/906/interviews/"},"display_name":"Hal Keimi","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 23, 1931, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in the Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles, where parents ran a dry cleaning business. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. After leaving camp, lived for a time in a trailer park in Lomita, California, before eventually returning to Los Angeles. Became a teacher and baseball coach, and longtime volunteer docent at the Japanese American National Museum."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Heart Mountain, Wyoming","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}