This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:02:16","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-11-2","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":844,"namepart":"Dan Aoki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Loni Ding"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics -- Hawaiian statehood","id":"236"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Hawai'i","id":"277"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Hawaii","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7007249\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"March 25, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Dan Aoki narrator \nLoni Ding interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-adan-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1007-5-1","model":"segment","index":"6 281/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-5-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1007-5-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-tben_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-tben_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Ben Tamashiro Interview Segment 1","description":"Memories of childhood in Hawai'i (audio only)
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:04:51","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-5-1","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":835,"namepart":"Ben Tamashiro"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Loni Ding"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Hawai'i","id":"277"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Hawaii","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7007249\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"March 25, 1985","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ben Tamashiro narrator \nLoni Ding interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-tben_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-janm-2","model":"collection","index":"7 282/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-janm-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-janm-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-janm-2/ddr-janm-2-1-mezzanine-c958f8e3f5-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-janm-2/ddr-janm-2-1-mezzanine-c958f8e3f5-a.jpg"},"title":"Fumio Nakamura Collection","description":"One panoramic photograph of Corporal Edward Nakamura's military funeral. Taken in 1946 in Puʻunēnē, Maui, Hawai'I, when the remains of Corporal Edward Etsuzo Nakamura were finally returned to the family (KIA in November 1943). The photograph was taken in front of the family's home in a plantation village, McGerrow Camp, which no longer exists.","extent":"One panoramic photograph measuring 33W x 7.25H","links_children":"ddr-janm-2","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Unknown."}],"contributor":"Japanese American National Museum","public":"1","rights":"cc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Unknown. author","download_large":"ddr-janm-2-1-mezzanine-c958f8e3f5-a.jpg"},{"id":"1006","model":"narrator","index":"8 283/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1006/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1006/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-514_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-514_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1006/interviews/"},"display_name":"Jane Kurahara","bio":"Sansei female. Born February 16, 1941, in Honolulu, Hawaii. Grew up in Honolulu where father worked as an insurance agent and mother was a teacher. Attended Punahou school. After World War II, attended Smith College and Columbia University before marrying and returning to Hawaii. Began career as a teacher and then switched to librarianship. Became involved in the Japanese Cultural Center of Hawai'i and worked for many years to restore the wartime site of the U.S. Army internment camp at Honouliuli."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1007-11-1","model":"segment","index":"9 284/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-11-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1007-11-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-adan-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-adan-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Dan Aoki Interview Segment 1","description":"Limited opportunities for Nisei prior to Hawai'i becoming a state (audio only)
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:02:18","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-11-1","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":844,"namepart":"Dan Aoki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Loni Ding"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics -- Hawaiian statehood","id":"236"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Hawai'i","id":"277"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Hawaii","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7007249\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"March 25, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Dan Aoki narrator \nLoni Ding interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-adan-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1007-5-5","model":"segment","index":"10 285/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-5-5/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1007-5-5/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-tben_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-tben_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Ben Tamashiro Interview Segment 5","description":"Coming home to Hawai'i after traveling the world (audio only)
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:01:53","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-5-5","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":835,"namepart":"Ben Tamashiro"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Loni Ding"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"March 25, 1985","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ben Tamashiro narrator \nLoni Ding interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-tben_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1007-12-1","model":"segment","index":"11 286/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-12-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1007-12-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-ljames-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-ljames-01-a.jpg"},"title":"James Lovell Interview Segment 1","description":"Description of Japanese Americans in Hawai'i before World War II (audio only)
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:05:12","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-12-1","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":845,"namepart":"James Lovell"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Loni Ding"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Hawaii","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7007249\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"March 25, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"James Lovell narrator \nLoni Ding interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-ljames-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"832","model":"narrator","index":"12 287/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/832/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/832/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mspark.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mspark.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/832/interviews/"},"display_name":"Spark M. Matsunaga","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 9, 1916, in Kukui'ula, Kauai'i, Hawaii. During World War II, served as an original member of the 100th Infantry Battalion, later the 1st Battalion of the 442nd Regimental Combat team, and also with the Military Intelligence Service. In 1954, was elected to the Hawai'i Territorial Legislature. He was later elected to Congress, where he served six terms, then was elected to the Senate in 1976. Spark Matsunaga also helped in the passage of the redress bill into law on August 19, 1988."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1007-11-3","model":"segment","index":"13 288/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-11-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1007-11-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-adan-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-adan-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Dan Aoki Interview Segment 3","description":"The role the World War II Nisei veterans had on the Hawai'i statehood movement (audio only)
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:05:35","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-11-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":844,"namepart":"Dan Aoki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Loni Ding"}],"topics":[{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics -- Hawaiian statehood","id":"236"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Hawai'i","id":"277"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Hawaii","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7007249\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"March 25, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Dan Aoki narrator \nLoni Ding interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-adan-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-514","model":"entity","index":"14 289/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-514/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-514/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-514-1-mezzanine-e5ef26facf-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-514-1-mezzanine-e5ef26facf-a.jpg"},"title":"Jane Kurahara Interview","description":"Sansei female. 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Became involved in the Japanese Cultural Center of Hawai'i and worked for many years to restore the wartime site of the U.S. Army internment camp at Honouliuli.","extent":"2:26:11","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-514","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":1006,"namepart":"Jane Kurahara"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Brian Niiya"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"George Russell"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"31-Aug-22","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Jane Kurahara narrator \nBrian Niiya interviewer \nGeorge Russell videographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-514-1-mezzanine-e5ef26facf-a.jpg"},{"id":"968","model":"narrator","index":"15 290/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/968/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/968/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1021-7_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1021-7_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/968/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yuriko Furubayashi","bio":"Yuriko Furubayashi was born January 20, 1927, in Waimea, Hawai'i, as one of the ten children of the family. Her father had come to Hawai'i from Hiroshima in the mid-1910s as a contract worker on a pineapple plantation. He grew vegetables and kept chickens around the house to help feed the family. Her mother cooked Japanese food only in part because meat was hard to come by. Many of their co-workers on the plantation were Japanese, and Yuriko used to go to the after-school school at Hongan-ji with these co-workers' children. Her peers at the public school included Filipinos, Chinese, Polynesians, Portuguese, and Haoles. When she was ten years old, her uncle and aunt in Los Angeles, who had been successful owners of Olympic Hotel, took her to Japan. They were childless, so their plan was to make Yuriko the family's heir. Yuriko quickly adjusted to the life in Japan and graduated from high school. She was working in an airplane factory when the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. Although she was not injured, she was irradiated because she walked through the city on the day after to look for her aunt and uncle. The entire city was still on fire. She saw many corpses and people with severe nuclear burns. She lost one of her uncles to the bomb. She also visited her friend working at an orphanage, and was struck by how many children had lost their parents to the bomb. In 1948, she went to Hawai'i to see her parents, thanks to the arrangement made by her brother who had come to Japan as part of the US occupation force. She decided that she did not want to go back to Hiroshima where memories of the destruction \"depressed\" her. She studied to regain her English and worked at her sister's bakery near Kahoku. She married a baker, and they became successful owners of another bakery named after their oldest son. Yuriko was somewhat worried about radiation effect when she was pregnant with her first child. She gained hibakusha techo (certificate of survivorhood) issued by the Japanese government in the 1960s. She also regularly attends the biannual health checkups conducted by Japanese physicians for American survivors."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1007-11","model":"entity","index":"16 291/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1007-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-adan-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-adan-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Dan Aoki Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born January 31, 1918, in Kealakekua, Hawai'i, where his father was a Congregational preacher. During World War II, served with the 100th Battalion in Europe. In the 1950s, was active in Hawai'i's Democratic Party and campaign for statehood.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:10:09","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-11","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":844,"namepart":"Dan Aoki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Loni Ding"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"March 25, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Dan Aoki narrator \nLoni Ding interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-adan-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"967","model":"narrator","index":"17 292/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/967/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/967/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1021-5_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1021-5_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/967/interviews/"},"display_name":"Junji Sarashina","bio":"Junji Sarashina was born in 1929 in Lahaina, Hawai'i, the son of a minister of a Buddhist Temple Nishihongan-ji and a teacher of Japanese-style flower arrangement, music, sewing, and cooking. The youngest of five children, Sarashina grew up surrounded by temple members (mostly plantation workers) and their families who enjoyed community picnics and samurai films. When his mother took her children to her hometown of Hiroshima in 1936, Sarashina struggled with Japanese at first. But soon, he got used to things Japanese thanks to the accommodations made by his mother, siblings, and schoolteachers. His older sisters baked Western style cakes and cookies and offered them to Sarashina's schoolmates, helping him to become better accepted. After the Pacific War began, Sarashina's family lost touch with his father who was still in Hawai'i. Later, he learned that his father had been taken by the FBI immediately after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. He was sent to the US mainland, then to a number of different incarceration camps. Sarashina as a junior high school student was mobilized to work at an ammunition factory when the nuclear bomb struck Hiroshima. Although he was not injured, he was irradiated as he entered the city to return home. Sarashina suffered diarrhea and could not eat afterward. When he went back to Hawai'i in 1949, he attended high school again to relearn English. Soon, he found a job at a local radio station in Honolulu. During the Korean War, he volunteered to serve as a military intelligence officer. When he was sent to Korea, he was assigned to a unit led by a judo teacher he knew from Sawtelle, California. The teacher had been his older brother's schoolmate in Hiroshima, and so he took Sarashina under his wing throughout Sarashina's stay in Korea. Although Sarashina says that the American government could do more to support US hibakusha, he also says that he supports the medical checkups offered to American survivors by the Japanese government. In fact, he assisted the establishment of the checkup system in the early 1970s and continued to help the US hibakusha's organization called the American Society of Hiroshima-Nagasaki A-bomb Survivors. He takes pride in assisting many US survivors to obtain Japanese hibakusha techo (certificate of survivorhood) and to receive benefits."},{"id":"ddr-densho-437-16","model":"entity","index":"18 293/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-437-16/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-437-16/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-437/ddr-densho-437-16-mezzanine-8433d6275d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-437/ddr-densho-437-16-mezzanine-8433d6275d-a.jpg"},"title":"Record of the Territory of Hawai'I Board of Officers and Civilians in the case of James Seigo Miwa","description":"Transcript and exhibits regarding the arrest and decision to intern James Seigo Miwa for the duration of World War II.","extent":"8.5W x 11H; 8.5W x 14H","links_children":"ddr-densho-437-16","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- \"Enemy alien\" classification","id":"84"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Arrest, searches, and seizures","id":"50"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Miwa, James Seigo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"12/19/1941","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Miwa, James Seigo","download_large":"ddr-densho-437-16-mezzanine-8433d6275d-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1021-7","model":"entity","index":"19 294/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1021-7/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1021-7/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-7-1-mezzanine-681d36effc-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-7-1-mezzanine-681d36effc-a.jpg"},"title":"Yuriko Furubayashi Interview","description":"Yuriko Furubayashi was born in 1927 in Waimea, Hawai'i, as one of the ten children of the family. 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Although she was not injured, she was irradiated because she walked through the city on the day after to look for her aunt and uncle. The entire city was still on fire. She saw many corpses and people with severe nuclear burns. She lost one of her uncles to the bomb. She also visited her friend working at an orphanage, and was struck by how many children had lost their parents to the bomb. In 1948, she went to Hawai'i to see her parents, thanks to the arrangement made by her brother who had come to Japan as part of the US occupation force. She decided that she did not want to go back to Hiroshima where memories of the destruction \"depressed\" her. She studied to regain her English and worked at her sister's bakery near Kahoku. She married a baker, and they became successful owners of another bakery named after their oldest son. Yuriko was somewhat worried about radiation effect when she was pregnant with her first child. She gained hibakusha techo (certificate of survivorhood) issued by the Japanese government in the 1960s. She also regularly attends the biannual health checkups conducted by Japanese physicians for American survivors.","extent":"2:52:35","links_children":"ddr-densho-1021-7","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":968,"namepart":"Yuriko Furubayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Naoko Wake"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Kailua, Hawai‘i","creation":"11-Jun-13","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yuriko Furubayashi narrator \nNaoko Wake interviewer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1021-7-1-mezzanine-681d36effc-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1021-5","model":"entity","index":"20 295/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1021-5/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1021-5/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-5-1-mezzanine-ec9df4a5e1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-5-1-mezzanine-ec9df4a5e1-a.jpg"},"title":"Junji Sarashina Interview","description":"Junji Sarashina was born in 1929 in Lahaina, Hawai'i, the son of a minister of a Buddhist Temple Nishihongan-ji and a teacher of Japanese-style flower arrangement, music, sewing, and cooking. The youngest of five children, Sarashina grew up surrounded by temple members (mostly plantation workers) and their families who enjoyed community picnics and samurai films. When his mother took her children to her hometown of Hiroshima in 1936, Sarashina struggled with Japanese at first. But soon, he got used to things Japanese thanks to the accommodations made by his mother, siblings, and schoolteachers. His older sisters baked Western style cakes and cookies and offered them to Sarashina's schoolmates, helping him to become better accepted. After the Pacific War began, Sarashina's family lost touch with his father who was still in Hawai'i. Later, he learned that his father had been taken by the FBI immediately after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. He was sent to the US mainland, then to a number of different incarceration camps. Sarashina as a junior high school student was mobilized to work at an ammunition factory when the nuclear bomb struck Hiroshima. Although he was not injured, he was irradiated as he entered the city to return home. Sarashina suffered diarrhea and could not eat afterward. When he went back to Hawai'i in 1949, he attended high school again to relearn English. Soon, he found a job at a local radio station in Honolulu. During the Korean War, he volunteered to serve as a military intelligence officer. When he was sent to Korea, he was assigned to a unit led by a judo teacher he knew from Sawtelle, California. The teacher had been his older brother's schoolmate in Hiroshima, and so he took Sarashina under his wing throughout Sarashina's stay in Korea. Although Sarashina says that the American government could do more to support US hibakusha, he also says that he supports the medical checkups offered to American survivors by the Japanese government. In fact, he assisted the establishment of the checkup system in the early 1970s and continued to help the US hibakusha's organization called the American Society of Hiroshima-Nagasaki A-bomb Survivors. He takes pride in assisting many US survivors to obtain Japanese hibakusha techo (certificate of survivorhood) and to receive benefits.","extent":"2:42:23","links_children":"ddr-densho-1021-5","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":967,"namepart":"Junji Sarashina"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Naoko Wake"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Jose, California","creation":"6-Jun-12","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Junji Sarashina narrator \nNaoko Wake interviewer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1021-5-1-mezzanine-ec9df4a5e1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1007-3","model":"entity","index":"21 296/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1007-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-mspark-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1007/denshovh-mspark-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Spark M. Matsunaga Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born October 9, 1916, in Kukui'ula, Kauai'i, Hawaii. During World War II, served as an original member of the 100th Infantry Battalion, later the 1st Battalion of the 442nd Regimental Combat team, and also with the Military Intelligence Service. In 1954, was elected to the Hawai'i Territorial Legislature. He was later elected to Congress, where he served six terms, then was elected to the Senate in 1976. Spark Matsunaga also helped in the passage of the redress bill into law on August 19, 1988.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:12:54","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":832,"namepart":"Spark M. Matsunaga"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Loni Ding"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"April 17, 1987","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Spark M. Matsunaga narrator \nLoni Ding interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-mspark-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-257","model":"entity","index":"22 297/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-257/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-257/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-257-mezzanine-b0be64ab40-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-257-mezzanine-b0be64ab40-a.jpg"},"title":"Leaving Jerome Arkansas for Tule Lake","description":"Photographed is George Nobuo Naohara on a truck. It is taken when he is leaving the Jerome camp in Arkansas, for the Tule Lake camp in California. The caption reads: Leaving Jerome Arkansas for Tule Lake. Title from caption. The handwritten note on the back side read: Mitsuko-san, This photo was taken when I was leaving the Jerome camp in the morning. In the photo, I am smiling, wearing a lei. It looks like I was leaving for Hawai'i or Japan. However, the truth is that I was happy because I thought you were also moving to Tule Lake and would be able to meet you there... Nobuo. [In Japanese]. A photo from: Mitzi Naohara photo album (csudh_nao_0200), page 14. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_02_14_002","extent":"black and white, 3.5 x 5 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-257","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp","id":"101"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Segregation and Tule Lake","id":"86"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Kibei","id":"45"}],"format":"img","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Denson, Arkansas","facility":[{"term":"Jerome","id":"6"}],"creation":"1944-05","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-257-mezzanine-b0be64ab40-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1024-30","model":"entity","index":"23 298/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1024-30/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1024-30/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-30-mezzanine-633fb83731-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-30-mezzanine-633fb83731-a.jpg"},"title":"Day of Remembrance","description":"Documentary film by Cynthia Gates Fujikawa consisting of highlights from 2003 Day of Remembrance (DoR) commemorations in New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle, and Honolulu, all of which highlight the parallels between what happened to Japanese Americans in 1942 and what was then happening to Arab and Muslim Americans in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. The film also includes brief interviews with some of the event organizers and excerpts from press conferences organized in reaction to remarks defending the roundup and imprisonment of Japanese Americans by North Carolina Congressman Howard Coble two weeks prior to the DoRs. Highlighted speakers include Hakim Oaunsafi, Muslim Association of Hawai'i; Nadine Hamoui, whose family in the Seattle area were imprisoned by the INS in 2002; Salam Al-Marayati, executive director of the Muslim Public Affairs Council; legal scholar Chris Iijima; Congressman Mike Honda ; and civil rights attorney Dale Minami .\r\n\r\nSee this item in the Densho Resource Guide at: Day of Remembrance.\r\n\r\nSee this item in the Digital Library of the Japanese American Incarceration Films at: https://archive.org/details/ddr-densho-1024-30.","extent":"00:15:40","links_children":"ddr-densho-1024-30","creators":[{"role":"filmmaker","namepart":"Fujikawa, Cynthia Gates"}],"topics":[{"term":"Reflections on the past -- Days of remembrance","id":"393"}],"format":"av","contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"motion_picture","creation":"2003","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fujikawa, Cynthia Gates filmmaker","download_large":"ddr-densho-1024-30-mezzanine-633fb83731-a.jpg"},{"id":"970","model":"narrator","index":"24 299/{'value': 301, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/970/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/970/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1021-9_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1021-9_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/970/interviews/"},"display_name":"Paul Satoh","bio":"Born in Osaka, Japan, in 1936, Paul Satoh spent a happy childhood as the only child of a chemist and a homemaker. Satoh's extended family included an uncle who had studied at the University of California, Los Angeles, and his wife, a US-born Nikkei from Hawai'i who occasionally had received a \"care pack from the United States\" that she shared with the Satohs. Although the couple was not affected by the bomb as they were in Tokyo, one of Satoh's other aunts who was in Hiroshima died of radiation sickness. Satoh himself, too, was in Hiroshima as his family's house in Osaka was burned in an air raid early in 1945. Living in his relative's house in Koi, which was about six kilometer from the hypocenter, Satoh remembers hearing a \"real big sound\" at the moment of the explosion. His family decided to take refuge in his grandmother's house in the countryside, and as they walked through Hiroshima, they witnessed people dying on the street from severe burns and injuries. Many years later, his mother died of leukemia, while Satoh himself suffered from thyroid cancer. Immediately after the war, though, Satoh recalled only silence around the bomb, even as many of his classmates passed away because of the delayed radiation effect. He came to the United States in 1960 to study chemistry at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan. He married a Polish American woman who was his classmate, and experienced racial discrimination in the era when interracial marriages were still illegal in many US states. Satoh also found that his brother-in-law had worked as a maintenance crew for Enola Gay, the airplane that dropped the bomb on Hiroshima. Satoh worked as a chemist in the for-profit sector, and he occasionally lectured at colleges on applied chemistry. Although he was not part of any US survivors' groups, he was interested in issues of nuclear weaponry and bomb victims. He has assisted research for a book written by his acquaintance about US prisoners of war who died of the bomb in Hiroshima in 1945."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Hawai'i","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}