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Smith Chief, Special Defense Unit","description":"Photocopy of a declassified letter from the National Archives written by John Edger Hoover, Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, to L.M.C. Smith, Chief of the Special Defense Unit. In the typed letter, Hoover references information that has been collected on Keisaburo Koyama, a resident of Portland, Oregon, and recommended that Koyama be detained in the event of a national emergency. It is stamped \"Filed/By RM/On JUN 5 1942\" in the lower right. On the center bottom, in pencil. is \"File/MKR/146-13-2-61-62\"","extent":"1 Photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-90","creators":[{"role":"Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation","namepart":"Hoover, J. 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Smith Chief, Special Defense Unit - RE: Apprehension of Japanese Alien Portland Field Division","description":"Photocopy of a declassified memorandum from John Edgar Hoover, Director of the Federal Bureau of investigation, to L.M.C. Smith, Chief, Special Defense Unit, letting him know that Keisaburo Koyama, a Japanese alien, was apprehended.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-91","creators":[{"role":"Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation","namepart":"Hoover, J. Edgar (John Edgar)"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Arrest, searches, and seizures","id":"50"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"District of Columbia","creation":"12/11/1941","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hoover, J. 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Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 6 of 13.","description":"Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case. Mrs. Koyama then moves on to the more personal side of her husband's life. She speaks briefly on how difficult the Great Depression was for the family due to being a new dentist, her illness and the operation for their youngest daughter, and how business was slow due to there being three other Japanese dentists. In December of 1940, the widow of one of those dentists approached the Koyamas about buying her deceased husband's practice. The Koyamas felt it was too expensive, but since the location was in a better neighborhood and closer to the Caucasian families, they decided to buy the practice at the asking price. Business soon picked up and Dr. Koyama decided to drop his membership to the Japanese Association as a result.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-233","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Teru"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"11/29/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author Koyama, Teru \nKoyama, Keizaburo \nEnnis, Edward J. \nFederal Bureau of Investigation","download_large":"ddr-one-5-233-mezzanine-4d80a32647-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-238","model":"entity","index":"7 7/{'value': 41, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-238/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-238/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-238-mezzanine-3af534c9d4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-238-mezzanine-3af534c9d4-a.jpg"},"title":"Typed and notarized letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 11 of 13.","description":"Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case. Mrs. Koyama then goes on about her faith and that of her husband's. In both of their cases, they say that their incarceration has helped them to become better Christians. She also talks about her declining health and how much she fears passing away while her husband is still interned elsewhere. While she is now able to work a little bit to bring in money for the family, she's had to spend months recovering. She and her kids were twice offered a chance to go to Japan, but refused, finding the offer insulting. Mrs. Koyama fears that the kids are losing morale, though her son keeps busy with Boy Scouts and her daughters with the church involvement.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-238","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Teru"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"Idaho","id":"491"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"},{"term":"Portland","id":"12"}],"creation":"11/29/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author Koyama, Teru \nKoyama, Keizaburo \nEnnis, Edward J. \nFederal Bureau of Investigation","download_large":"ddr-one-5-238-mezzanine-3af534c9d4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-239","model":"entity","index":"8 8/{'value': 41, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-239/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-239/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-239-mezzanine-d9a6f75572-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-239-mezzanine-d9a6f75572-a.jpg"},"title":"Typed and notarized letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 12 of 13.","description":"Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case. As Mrs. Koyama finishes her letter, she again leans on her faith and the democratic ideals of the United States to help her reunite with her husband. She wants nothing more than to have her family reunited and to have her children raised in a loving, Christian, American household where her kids will continue in their parents' footsteps.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-239","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Teru"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"11/29/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author Koyama, Teru \nKoyama, Keizaburo \nEnnis, Edward J. \nFederal Bureau of Investigation","download_large":"ddr-one-5-239-mezzanine-d9a6f75572-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-235","model":"entity","index":"9 9/{'value': 41, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-235/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-235/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-235-mezzanine-01eb33da11-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-235-mezzanine-01eb33da11-a.jpg"},"title":"Typed and notarized letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 8 of 13.","description":"Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case. He also approached Mrs. Hirata, the widow of the deceased dentist, about buying her husband's office and she refused. On his wife's advice. Dr. Koyama leased the new office to himself for two years. While Dr. Koyama  was interned, Mrs. Koyama continued to pay for the office rent, but was unable to pay for December 1942. Dr. Shiomi then stepped in and made the payment himself. He was hesitant to explain why, but told Mrs. Koyama over the phone that he had the lease to the entire floor now so it was on him to keep up with the payments. He did not explain why Mrs. Hirata did not sell to him, but added that once Dr. Koyama was out, he could move into a different room as he had laid claim to Dr. Koyama's room.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-235","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Teru"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"11/29/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author Koyama, Teru \nKoyama, Keizaburo \nEnnis, Edward J. \nFederal Bureau of Investigation","download_large":"ddr-one-5-235-mezzanine-01eb33da11-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-237","model":"entity","index":"10 10/{'value': 41, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-237/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-237/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-237-mezzanine-67737062e7-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-237-mezzanine-67737062e7-a.jpg"},"title":"Typed and notarized letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 10 of 13.","description":"Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case.  Mrs. Koyama notes that it is very unusual for Issei parents to raise their kids in an American-style environment, but she doesn't regret the decision to do so. While she was worried about war between the United States and Japan, her husband said they would support the country of their children's  birth - the United States. Mrs. Koyama starts talking about the difficulties of being separated from her husband for two years. She said the first few months were rough, but she received a lot of support from friends and neighbors, though she was always worried about being attacked by someone who didn't know her, but only saw her as an enemy. She writes that there was a sense of relief once the bars of the Portland Assembly Center were closed behind her. While life is difficult, she is learning to do more with less.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-237","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Teru"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"},{"term":"Portland","id":"12"}],"creation":"11/29/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author Koyama, Teru \nKoyama, Keizaburo \nEnnis, Edward J. \nFederal Bureau of Investigation","download_large":"ddr-one-5-237-mezzanine-67737062e7-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-240","model":"entity","index":"11 11/{'value': 41, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-240/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-240/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-240-mezzanine-7ce082d293-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-240-mezzanine-7ce082d293-a.jpg"},"title":"Typed and notarized letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 13 of 13.","description":"Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case. On the last page, Mrs. Koyama asks one more time that her husband be reunited with his family. If the judge is unable to honor the request, she asks that he write her children so that they could better understand why they will need to go another year without their father.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-240","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Teru"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Idaho","id":"491"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"11/29/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author Koyama, Teru \nKoyama, Keizaburo \nEnnis, Edward J. \nFederal Bureau of Investigation","download_large":"ddr-one-5-240-mezzanine-7ce082d293-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-236","model":"entity","index":"12 12/{'value': 41, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-236/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-236/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-236-mezzanine-90d74f7e7a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-236-mezzanine-90d74f7e7a-a.jpg"},"title":"Typed and notarized letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 9 of 13.","description":"Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case. Mrs. Koyama contacted her agent about Dr. Shiomi's claim and was told that it wasn't true. The agent added that it would be impossible since the lease was in Dr. Koyama's name. In February of 1942, Mrs. Koyama cleared out her husband's office. Mrs. Koyama then goes on in the letter detailing why she and her husband raised their kids as Americans. She attributes becoming a Christian as the main impetus for not teaching her children Japanese. She said the Bible states that a person cannot serve two masters, so neither can a person serve two nations. She did say that she received criticism from the Japanese community for this, but she  wanted her kids to be loyal to only one country, so the sacrifice was worth it. If they wanted to learn Japanese, they could do so on their own.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-236","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Teru"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"11/29/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author Koyama, Teru \nKoyama, Keizaburo \nEnnis, Edward J. \nFederal Bureau of Investigation","download_large":"ddr-one-5-236-mezzanine-90d74f7e7a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-115","model":"entity","index":"13 13/{'value': 41, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-115/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-115/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-115-mezzanine-e0e8f88a07-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-115-mezzanine-e0e8f88a07-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter written on behalf of Keizaburo Koyama by Mr. and Mrs. A.C. Goodenough. Page 4 of 4.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified petition to Attorney General of the United States Francis Biddle on behalf of Dr. Koyama included in a letter to Dr. William G. Everson. The letter was undersigned by American citizens and friends of Dr. Koyama and attesting to their belief that he is a loyal individual and would bring no harm to the United States. They state that this letter is not a petition, but rather, \"a statement of facts\" to aid in the FBI investigation and to hasten his return to his wife and children. Please see 2016.23.04 for the typed statement of this letter.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-115","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Goodenough, Mrs. A.C."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Support from the non-Japanese American community","id":"80"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Goodenough, Mrs. A.C."},{"namepart":"Koyama, Dr. Kei"},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Portland, Oregon","creation":"January 21, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Goodenough, Mrs. A.C. author Goodenough, Mrs. A.C. \nKoyama, Dr. Kei \nFederal Bureau of Investigation","download_large":"ddr-one-5-115-mezzanine-e0e8f88a07-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-234","model":"entity","index":"14 14/{'value': 41, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-234/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-234/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-234-mezzanine-1cde7d0fc8-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-234-mezzanine-1cde7d0fc8-a.jpg"},"title":"Typed and notarized letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 7 of 13.","description":"Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case.  Dr. Koyama felt forced to buy subscriptions to numerous Japanese language newsletter as he would have been blacklisted by members of the community had he not done so. Now that his business was becoming successful, he felt he did not have to rely on those Japanese business connections anymore. Dr. Koyama was able to pay for the new practice in three installments. The final one was made a week before Pearl Harbor. Mrs. Koyama then brings up a story concerning Dr. Shiomi - a Japanese doctor who also had a practice on the same floor as Dr. Koyama. It seems that Dr. Shiomi wished to lease the entire second floor and set about doing so without the permission of the other tenants.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-234","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Teru"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"11/29/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author Koyama, Teru \nKoyama, Keizaburo \nEnnis, Edward J. \nFederal Bureau of Investigation","download_large":"ddr-one-5-234-mezzanine-1cde7d0fc8-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-231","model":"entity","index":"15 15/{'value': 41, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-231/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-231/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-231-mezzanine-6b464ed558-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-231-mezzanine-6b464ed558-a.jpg"},"title":"Typed and notarized letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 4 of 13.","description":"Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case. On the forth page, Mrs. Koyama asks her husband's acquaintance why Dr. Koyama would even subscribe to such a newsletter. He answered that it was because the Japanese community in Portland is small and very tightknit and this was one way to support that community. She asked how that magazine got started and he said that those people were either dead or no longer in the United States. He added that the magazine's purpose was not to overthrow the United States, but to raise American dollars for Japan as they were more valuable than Japanese currency. Mrs. Koyama then moves on to the second reason for her husband's incarceration: misidentification. She had received a letter from her husband while he was interned at Missoula, Montana saying that he had been mistaken for a [sic] \"stoway.\"","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-231","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Teru"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."},{"namepart":"Sokoku Kai"},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"Japan","id":"108"},{"term":"Montana","id":"498"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"},{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"}],"creation":"11/29/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author Koyama, Teru \nKoyama, Keizaburo \nEnnis, Edward J. \nSokoku Kai \nFederal Bureau of Investigation","download_large":"ddr-one-5-231-mezzanine-6b464ed558-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-170","model":"entity","index":"16 16/{'value': 41, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-170/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-170/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-170-mezzanine-27ebe4b6bb-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-170-mezzanine-27ebe4b6bb-a.jpg"},"title":"Federal Bureau of Investigation Case file for Keizaburo Koyama. Page 2 of 4.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified file on Keizaburo Koyama by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. This page goes into greater detail the reasoning for interning Koyama. The FBI has labeled the Fatherland Society as \"one of the most aggressive and active of the Japanese nationalist organizations...It's members are selected by reason of their intense loyalty and belief in the deity of the Mikado.\" As for the Japanese Chamber of Commerce, the FBI noted the organization's fundraising efforts to support Japan during the Sino-Japanese War and for its goal of promoting Japanese culture abroad. The FBI felt that this was being done to the detriment of raising American born Japanese children as proper Americans. Per notes taken from Tomishichi Akiyama, a fellow Issei arrested by the FBI, the Japanese Association felt that they were under FBI surveillance and recommended greater secrecy during their meetings to avoid trouble.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-170","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Quinn, Vincent M."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Decision to incarcerate","id":"203"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Quinn, Vincent M."},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"},{"namepart":"Sokoku Kai"},{"namepart":"Japanese Chamber of Commerce"},{"namepart":"Akiyama, Tomishichi"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"Japan","id":"108"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"blank_form","location":"Portland, Oregon","facility":[{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"},{"term":"Camp Livingston","id":"55"}],"creation":"5/19/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Quinn, Vincent M. author Koyama, Keizaburo \nQuinn, Vincent M. \nFederal Bureau of Investigation \nSokoku Kai \nJapanese Chamber of Commerce \nAkiyama, Tomishichi","download_large":"ddr-one-5-170-mezzanine-27ebe4b6bb-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-169","model":"entity","index":"17 17/{'value': 41, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-169/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-169/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-169-mezzanine-2cce5884cc-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-169-mezzanine-2cce5884cc-a.jpg"},"title":"Federal Bureau of Investigation Case file for Keizaburo Koyama. Page 1 of 4.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified file on Keizaburo Koyama by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The document speaks on Koyama's hearing at Fort Missoula, Montana and being found to be an enemy alien. The decision was based largely on Koyama having a subscription to the magazine put out by the Sokoku Kai. The panel felt that his association with the Hiro Fuji, organizer of the chapter, gave a sense of \"loyalty and subservience to the Imperial Government of Japan.\"","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-169","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Quinn, Vincent M."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Decision to incarcerate","id":"203"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Ken"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keisaburo"},{"namepart":"Quinn, Vincent M."},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"},{"namepart":"Sokoku Kai"},{"namepart":"Hirofuji"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Japan","id":"108"},{"term":"Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"blank_form","location":"Portland, Oregon","facility":[{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"}],"creation":"05/19/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Quinn, Vincent M. author Koyama, Keizaburo \nKoyama, Ken \nKoyama, Keisaburo \nQuinn, Vincent M. \nFederal Bureau of Investigation \nSokoku Kai \nHirofuji","download_large":"ddr-one-5-169-mezzanine-2cce5884cc-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-171","model":"entity","index":"18 18/{'value': 41, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-171/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-171/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-171-mezzanine-54961a6449-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-171-mezzanine-54961a6449-a.jpg"},"title":"Federal Bureau of Investigation Case file for Keizaburo Koyama. Page 3 of 4.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified file on Keizaburo Koyama by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The report notes that cannot verify if the FBI actually had the Japanese Association under surveillance, but the secretive activities of the group warranted greater scrutiny. The FBI does not find Koyama to be a Japanese leader, but his continued financial support of Japan makes him susceptible to disloyalty. As such, United States Attorney General Francis Biddle ordered that he be interned.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-171","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Quinn, Vincent M."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Decision to incarcerate","id":"203"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Quinn, Vincent M."},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"},{"namepart":"Japanese Chamber of Commerce"},{"namepart":"Sokoku Kai"},{"namepart":"Biddle, Frances"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Japan","id":"108"},{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"blank_form","location":"Portland, oregon","facility":[{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"},{"term":"Camp Livingston","id":"55"}],"creation":"5/19/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Quinn, Vincent M. author Koyama, Keizaburo \nQuinn, Vincent M. \nFederal Bureau of Investigation \nJapanese Chamber of Commerce \nSokoku Kai \nBiddle, Frances","download_large":"ddr-one-5-171-mezzanine-54961a6449-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-411-2","model":"entity","index":"19 19/{'value': 41, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-411-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-411-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-411/ddr-densho-411-2-mezzanine-faa2b05a9e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-411/ddr-densho-411-2-mezzanine-faa2b05a9e-a.jpg"},"title":"Memo recommending the detention","description":"Form memo to L. M. C. Smith from J. Edgar Hoover recommending the arrest and detainment of Dr. Rikita Honda.","extent":"unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-411-2","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Hoover, J. Edgar"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Arrest, searches, and seizures","id":"50"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Smith, L. M. C."},{"namepart":"Hoover, J. Edgar"},{"namepart":"Honda, Rikita"},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","creation":"12/08/1941","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hoover, J. Edgar author Smith, L. M. C. \nHoover, J. Edgar \nHonda, Rikita \nFederal Bureau of Investigation","download_large":"ddr-densho-411-2-mezzanine-faa2b05a9e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-232","model":"entity","index":"20 20/{'value': 41, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-232/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-232/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-232-mezzanine-cd0ea81f91-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-232-mezzanine-cd0ea81f91-a.jpg"},"title":"Typed and notarized letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 5 of 13.","description":"Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case. Mrs. Koyama details the efforts she and others have made on behalf of her husband. While her husband was incarcerated at Camp Livingston, Louisiana, Mrs. Koyama submitted numerous documents pertaining to her husband's educational history in the United States. She then found out that the Immigration and Naturalization Bureau did not have these documents and Mrs. Koyama had to turn back to Mrs. A.C. Goodenough to gather them up again. Mrs. Koyama heard from her husband that the Immigration and Naturalization Bureau was able to confirm his status as a legal resident due to a law from 1924. He was also able to track down the whereabouts of the stowaway. His name was Seizaburo Koyama and had returned to Japan several years prior. This was confirmed by the stowaway's brother who happened to be at the same camp as Keizaburo Koyama. After being transferred to Santa Fe, New Mexico, authorities urged Mr. Koyama to fully detail his story, which he did. At this point, Mrs. Koyama asks pointedly why the FBI did not investigate her husband's status at any time prior to the 1942 raids.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-232","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Teru"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"},{"namepart":"Immigration and Naturalization Service"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"New Mexico","id":"502"},{"term":"Montana","id":"498"},{"term":"Idaho","id":"491"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"},{"term":"Santa Fe","id":"27"},{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"},{"term":"Fort Sill","id":"40"},{"term":"Camp Livingston","id":"55"}],"creation":"11/29/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author Koyama, Teru \nKoyama, Keizaburo \nEnnis, Edward J. \nFederal Bureau of Investigation \nImmigration and Naturalization Service","download_large":"ddr-one-5-232-mezzanine-cd0ea81f91-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-381-143","model":"entity","index":"21 21/{'value': 41, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-381-143/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-381-143/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-381/ddr-densho-381-143-mezzanine-9669f7ef60-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-381/ddr-densho-381-143-mezzanine-9669f7ef60-a.jpg"},"title":"Takami Hibiya suspended leave clearance form","description":"Leave form with a notation from Robert K. Thurber. stating that J.B. (possibly Captain John Hall) does not recommend Takami for leave from the Minidoka camp.","extent":"8.5W x 10.75H","links_children":"ddr-densho-381-143","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"Education -- Japanese language schools","id":"33"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Work leave","id":"103"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Hibiya, Takami"},{"namepart":"War Relocation Authority"},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"},{"namepart":"Thurber, Robert K."},{"namepart":"Hall, John"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Washington, D.C.","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"04/09/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"War Relocation Authority author Hibiya, Takami \nWar Relocation Authority \nFederal Bureau of Investigation \nThurber, Robert K. \nHall, John","download_large":"ddr-densho-381-143-mezzanine-9669f7ef60-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-230","model":"entity","index":"22 22/{'value': 41, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-230/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-230/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-230-mezzanine-b55d52e89b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-230-mezzanine-b55d52e89b-a.jpg"},"title":"Typed and notarized letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 3 of 13.","description":"Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case. On the third page, Teru continues to explain her husband's involvement in the Nihonjin-Kai. She said before she was interned, she received a stack of letters addressed to her husband that the FBI had confiscated and later marked \"OK.\" They were letters of gratitude from Japan from people that her husband had assisted. In February of 1942, she was visited by an acquaintance of her husband. He mentioned that members of the Sokoku-kai were rounded up that morning. As her husband received their newsletter, she asked about the organization. The acquaintance said it was for extreme Japanese nationalists and was headed by Mitsuru Toyama. Mrs. Koyama said her husband often threw away his copy unread and unopened.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-230","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Teru"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"},{"namepart":"War Relocation Authority"},{"namepart":"Sokoku Kai"},{"namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Japan","id":"108"},{"term":"Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"Idaho","id":"491"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"11/29/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author Koyama, Teru \nKoyama, Keizaburo \nFederal Bureau of Investigation \nWar Relocation Authority \nSokoku Kai \nEnnis, Edward J.","download_large":"ddr-one-5-230-mezzanine-b55d52e89b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-102","model":"entity","index":"23 23/{'value': 41, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-102/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-102/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-102-mezzanine-28a6d255e9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-102-mezzanine-28a6d255e9-a.jpg"},"title":"Case file for Keizaburo Koyama from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Page 5 of 6.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified report on Keizaburo Koyama's sworn statement to Inspector Clarence J. Wise. The report states Koyama's biographical history and physical measurements. It lists his entry date to the United States as December 31, 1914. He states that he is a member of the Portland Chamber of Commerce and the Japanese Methodist Church, but is not a member of any secret organization. After his statement, he was transferred to the Multnomah County Jail and then transported to Camp Missoula, Montana. Confidential Informant 201 and the reporting agent reviewed all the evidence removed from Koyama's office and found \"no apparent significance to this investigation.\" The report states that on December 9, 1941, John Pittenger of the Portland Police Department found no evidence in their files that Koyama committed any criminal offenses. However, the Motor Vehicle Division noted that on January 9, 1940, Koyama paid a $2 fine for failing to observe a stop sign and that he was arrested on October 14, 1941 for disregarding a signal.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-102","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Quinn, Vincent M."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Arrest, searches, and seizures","id":"50"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Pittenger, John"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","creation":"January 14, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Quinn, Vincent M. author Koyama, Keizaburo \nPittenger, John","download_large":"ddr-one-5-102-mezzanine-28a6d255e9-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-99","model":"entity","index":"24 24/{'value': 41, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-99/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-99/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-99-mezzanine-8528dff6bd-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-99-mezzanine-8528dff6bd-a.jpg"},"title":"Case file for Keizaburo Koyama from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Page 2 of 6.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified report on Keizaburo Koyama. This page further elaborates that Confidential Informant SE N-1 has, on several occasions, mis-translated Japanese names. In this case, he mistook the name \"Iwao Oyama\" for Keizaburo Koyama. The informant said that his original source for the names, a Japanese newspaper, has since been destroyed. The informant went on to say Koyama came to the United States in 1915, his wife, Teru, followed in 1918, and that his son was born in Oregon in 1928. The informant said that Koyama was on the executive committee of the Japanese Association of Portland in 1938 and 1939 and currently worked as  a dentist at 6 S.W. 6th Avenue, Portland, Oregon and resided at 8306 S.E. Washington, Portland, Oregon. The informant advised the Federal Bureau of Investigation about a newspaper article in the G.N. Daily News dated January 28, 1941 that \"drastic changes\" were taking place in the Portland Japanese Association's internal structure and that Koyama was appointed as a member of the research committee.  A translation of another article from the N.A. Times dated January 28, 1941 provided by the informant listed Koyama as one of the consuls for the Japanese Golf Club for Portland, Oregon.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-99","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Quinn, Vincent M."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Arrest, searches, and seizures","id":"50"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Keisaburo, Koyama"},{"namepart":"Oyama, Iwao"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Ken"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"blank_form","creation":"1/14/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Quinn, Vincent M. author Keisaburo, Koyama \nOyama, Iwao \nKoyama, Ken","download_large":"ddr-one-5-99-mezzanine-8528dff6bd-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Federal Bureau of Investigation","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}