This interview was conducted by sisters Emiko and Chizuko Omori for their 1999 documentary, Rabbit in the Moon, about the Japanese American resisters of conscience in the World War II incarceration camps. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.","extent":"00:08:36","links_children":"ddr-densho-1002-11-21","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":144,"namepart":"James Omura"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Chizu Omori"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emiko Omori"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Emiko Omori and Witt Mons"}],"topics":[{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Rocky Shimpo","id":"390"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Draft resistance","id":"95"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Emiko and Chizuko Omori Collection","geography":[{"term":"Denver, Colorado","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7013545\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"March 21, 1994","status":"completed","search_hidden":"James Omura narrator \nChizu Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori and Witt Mons videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ojimmie-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-156-226","model":"entity","index":"5 430/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-156-226/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-156-226/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-156/ddr-densho-156-226-mezzanine-fda1d51306-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-156/ddr-densho-156-226-mezzanine-fda1d51306-a.jpg"},"title":"Daily Press Review, Vol. IV, No. 4","description":"Article titles: \"Santa Claus in Eden\"; \"Eden Relocation Project Workers Pledge $4,500 Weekly in War Bonds\"; \"Shirrell Speaks to Lions Club\"; \"Canners Fear Shortage of Tomato Labor; Reject Japanese Labor\"; \"Enemy Aliens Get Transfer to Denver\"; \"Seven Japs Given Fines for Gambling\"; \"Location of Kelp Beds Kept Secret by Japs\"; \"Date is Set for Sale of Japanese Owned Bonds\"; \"Japanese Must Observe Law Regulating Rents\"; \"New Uses Seen for Jap Camp at Santa Fe\"; \"Ghost Town of War\"; \"4 Facing Bootlegging Charges at Jap Center\"; \"Sugar Beet Strike\"; \"200 Soldiers Quell Jap Riot at Santa Anita\"; \"FBI Arrests 33, One with Maps of New York Harbor\"; \"Trainload of Japs Arrives in Wyoming\"; \"6 Saboteurs Executed; Leniency Shown to Other Two\"; \"2,000 Extra Grape Harvesters Wanted\"; \"Beet Growers Urge Drive on Vagrants.\"","extent":"2340W x 3120H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-156-226","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","creation":"August 10, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-156-226-mezzanine-fda1d51306-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-7-56","model":"entity","index":"6 431/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-7-56/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-7-56/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-oetsuko-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-oetsuko-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Etsuko Ichikawa Osaki Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born February 19, 1931, in Fresno, California. Family moved to Seattle, Washington, where father became minister of the Seattle Buddhist Temple. During the war, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Transferred to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, to be reunited with father, who was arrested by the FBI after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. After the war, returned to Seattle, where parents reestablished the Buddhist temple. Etsuko and her family eventually moved to Portland, Oregon.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:44:43","links_children":"ddr-one-7-56","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":763,"namepart":"Etsuko Ichikawa Osaki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Valerie Otani"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Ian McCluskey"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zx8t","namepart":"Ichikawa, Etsuko"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Portland, Oregon","creation":"December 17, 2013","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Etsuko Ichikawa Osaki narrator \nValerie Otani interviewer \nIan McCluskey videographer Ichikawa, Etsuko 88922nr015zx8t","download_large":"denshovh-oetsuko-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-388","model":"entity","index":"7 432/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-388/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-388/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kelsa-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kelsa-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Elsa Kudo Interview","description":"Sansei female. Born September 29, 1936, in Canete, Peru. Grew up in Peru where parents ran a successful store. During World War II, father was arrested by the FBI and removed from the family. Elsa and her mother and siblings were deported from Peru and taken by ship to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, and reunited with her father. After leaving camp, the family worked at Seabrook Farms, New Jersey, and then moved to Chicago, Illinois. Elsa eventually resettled in Hawaii.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:44:28","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-388","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":636,"namepart":"Elsa Kudo"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Kelli Nakamura"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Mathew Medeiros"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"February 6, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Elsa Kudo narrator \nKelli Nakamura interviewer \nMathew Medeiros videographer","download_large":"denshovh-kelsa-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1003-11","model":"entity","index":"8 433/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1003-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1003-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1003/denshovh-skenji-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1003/denshovh-skenji-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Kenji Suematsu Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born April 29, 1934, in Brawley, California. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Father was arrested by the FBI and mother had a nervous breakdown. Kenji and his sister were sent to stay at the Shonien orphanage in Los Angeles. During mass removal, taken to Manzanar with other orphans and placed in the Manzanar Children's Village. While in camp, reunited with parents. After leaving Manzanar, returned to California. Established a career developing photography lenses and equipment.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"03:11:04","links_children":"ddr-densho-1003-11","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":657,"namepart":"Kenji Suematsu"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Sharon Yamato"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr012gn73","namepart":"Suematsu, Kenji"}],"contributor":"Friends of Manzanar Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"April 19, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kenji Suematsu narrator \nSharon Yamato interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Suematsu, Kenji 88922nr012gn73","download_large":"denshovh-skenji-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"56","model":"narrator","index":"9 434/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/56/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/56/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mtom.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mtom.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/56/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tom Matsuoka","bio":"Kibei male. Born August 1, 1903, in Sprecklesville, Maui, Hawaii. Taken to Japan in 1905 and raised by grandparents. Returned to the United States in 1919, joining father at Barneston sawmill in Washington. Married and farmed in Bellevue, Washington. Founded Bellevue Seinenkai and managed the Bellevue Vegetable Growers Association prior to World War II. Was picked up by the FBI on December 8, 1941, detained by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle, then interned at the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana. Was transferred to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and then to Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Was released to harvest sugar beets in Chinook, Montana, with his family as work crew. Established a farm in Chinook."},{"id":"214","model":"narrator","index":"10 435/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/214/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/214/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ibetty.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ibetty.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/214/interviews/"},"display_name":"Betty Fumiye Ito","bio":"Nisei female. Born March 29, 1918, in Seattle, Washington, and spent childhood in Medina and Bellevue, Washington. While in high school was a member of the Bellevue Strawberry Festival's Queen's Court. In 1939 married Kenji Ito, a prominent Japanese American lawyer who practiced in Seattle. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, recounts her experiences as her husband was picked up by the FBI on the evening of December 7, 1941. Describes the trial and acquittal of her husband after he was accused of working as a non-registered agent for Japan. After the trial, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, Tule Lake concentration camp, California, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, resettled in the Los Angeles area."},{"id":"321","model":"narrator","index":"11 436/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/321/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/321/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ayae.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ayae.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/321/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yae Aihara","bio":"Nisei female. Born August 18, 1925 in Tacoma, Washington. Raised in Seattle, Washington, where family operated a grocery store. Attended Washington Grammar School and Garfield High School in Seattle. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested by the FBI and sent to Missoula internment camp, Montana. Family was removed to Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. In 1943, father decided to repatriate to Japan. The family was transported to Ellis Island detention station to reunite with father and board a repatriation ship, the SS Gripsholm. Transferred to Crystal City internment camp, Texas, after being denied entry on SS Gripsholm. Remained in Crystal City for duration of the war. Resettled to Boyle Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles in 1946."},{"id":"117","model":"narrator","index":"12 437/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/117/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/117/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nbill.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nbill.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/117/interviews/"},"display_name":"Bill Nishimura","bio":"Nisei male, born June 21, 1920, in Compton, California. Raised on a farm in Lawndale, California. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, his father was picked up by FBI and detained at a Department of Justice (DOJ) internment camp in Lordsburg, New Mexico. His family voluntarily moved to Visalia, California, then was forcibly moved to Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Sent to Tule Lake concentration camp, California, as a result of answering \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questions.\" He renounced his U.S. citizenship in protest of the incarceration, and was transferred to the DOJ's Santa Fe internment camp, then to an Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) camp in Crystal City, Texas. After his release from Crystal City, he resettled in California. Mr. Nishimura regained his U.S. citizenship in 1953."},{"id":"490","model":"narrator","index":"13 438/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/490/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/490/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kmasamizu.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kmasamizu.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/490/interviews/"},"display_name":"Masamizu Kitajima","bio":"Nisei male. Born August 1, 1933, in Ookala, Hawaii. At a young age, sent to Japan to live with grandfather and begin ministry training, but returned to the U.S. just before the onset of World War II. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father, a prominent Buddhist minister, was picked up and arrested by the FBI. Mother couldn't support the children alone, so the family entered the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas, where they were reunited with father. Father signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" and moved the family to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, in anticipation of repatriating to Japan. Parents changed their minds and did not go to Japan, so the family returned to Hawaii after leaving Tule Lake. After the war, Masamizu established a successful career in airplane mechanics."},{"id":"ddr-one-5-116","model":"entity","index":"14 439/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-116/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-116/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-116-mezzanine-dfab40b8c1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-116-mezzanine-dfab40b8c1-a.jpg"},"title":"Department of Justice memo from the United States Attorney Director of Oregon Carl C. Donaugh on the Matter of the Detention of Keizaburo Koyama, a Japanese alien","description":"Photocopy of a declassified memorandum from Carl C. Donaugh, United States Attorney from the District of Oregon to the Attorney General in Washington, D.C., on the detention of Dr. Keizaburo Koyama. The filled out form letter notes that the FBI took Dr. Koyama into custody on December 10, 1941 in Portland, Oregon and that he is currently being held by the Immigration and Naturalization Service at Fort Missoula, Montana. The form states that the Alien Enemy Hearing Board and the United States Attorney for Oregon have determined it is in the best interest of the United State's government to expedite the processing of Dr. Koyama's case and has set February 2, 1942 for his hearing. The form stresses that any and all support letters, petitions, and documents on the case be immediately forwarded to the board for review no later than January 31st.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-116","creators":[{"role":"United States Attorney","namepart":"Donaugh, Carl C."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Administration","id":"401"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Donaugh, Carl C."},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Ken"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keisaburo"},{"namepart":"Department of Justice"},{"namepart":"Alien Enemy Hearing Board"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"map","location":"Portland, Oregon","facility":[{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"}],"creation":"January 22, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Donaugh, Carl C. United States Attorney Donaugh, Carl C. \nKoyama, Keizaburo \nKoyama, Ken \nKoyama, Keisaburo \nDepartment of Justice \nAlien Enemy Hearing Board","download_large":"ddr-one-5-116-mezzanine-dfab40b8c1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-230","model":"entity","index":"15 440/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-230/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-230/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-230-mezzanine-b55d52e89b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-230-mezzanine-b55d52e89b-a.jpg"},"title":"Typed and notarized letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis, Director, Enemy Alien Control Unit. Page 3 of 13.","description":"Photocopy of a typed letter from Teru Koyama to Edward J. Ennis concerning the rehearing of Keizaburo Koyama's case. On the third page, Teru continues to explain her husband's involvement in the Nihonjin-Kai. She said before she was interned, she received a stack of letters addressed to her husband that the FBI had confiscated and later marked \"OK.\" They were letters of gratitude from Japan from people that her husband had assisted. In February of 1942, she was visited by an acquaintance of her husband. He mentioned that members of the Sokoku-kai were rounded up that morning. As her husband received their newsletter, she asked about the organization. The acquaintance said it was for extreme Japanese nationalists and was headed by Mitsuru Toyama. Mrs. Koyama said her husband often threw away his copy unread and unopened.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-230","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Family reunification","id":"527"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Teru"},{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Federal Bureau of Investigation"},{"namepart":"War Relocation Authority"},{"namepart":"Sokoku Kai"},{"namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Japan","id":"108"},{"term":"Portland","id":"289"},{"term":"Idaho","id":"491"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hunt, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"11/29/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Koyama, Teru author Koyama, Teru \nKoyama, Keizaburo \nFederal Bureau of Investigation \nWar Relocation Authority \nSokoku Kai \nEnnis, Edward J.","download_large":"ddr-one-5-230-mezzanine-b55d52e89b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-28-49","model":"entity","index":"16 441/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-28-49/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-28-49/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-49-mezzanine-1b6eba3bd1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-28/ddr-pc-28-49-mezzanine-1b6eba3bd1-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Citizen, Vol. 43, No. 23 (December 7, 1956)","description":"Selected article titles: \"FBI chief tells personal stand on evacuation\" (p. 1), \"Saturday evening post editorial fears strong Nisei tie with Japan\" (p. 1), \"Delegate-elect Burns names Nisei to be administrative ass't in D.C.\" (p. 1), \"Evacuation claims award procedure explained by gov't\" (p. 1), \"100th Infantry veterans urge immediate statehood for Hawaii\" (p. 2), \"Telling 'Nisei story' before civic, church groups best public relations act\" (p. 3), \"Memorial for American who helped mold future of Hokkaido planned\" (p. 3), \"Nagamatsu of Sanger elected CCDC chairman, mass installation held\" (p. 5), \"Narcotics enforcement officer recalls only one case of Japanese addict in state\" (p. 5), \"Gilroy Hot Springs case draws comments from Minnesota editor, moral issue method\" (p. 6), \"Hillings favors boost in Japanese refugee quota\" (p. 8), \"L.A. Nisei Republicans urge U.S. admit separated family kin from Japan\" (p. 8).","extent":"11.5W x 17H","links_children":"ddr-pc-28-49","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"},{"term":"Journalism and media -- Community publications -- Pacific Citizen","id":"389"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Civil rights","id":"234"},{"term":"Activism and involvement -- Politics -- Hawaiian statehood","id":"236"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Ohki, Ed"},{"namepart":"Wada, Yuri"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Iseri, Mat"},{"namepart":"Murayama, Tamotsu"},{"namepart":"Miyake, Michael M."},{"namepart":"Tajiri, Larry S."},{"namepart":"Antoku, Yoshitaro"},{"namepart":"Kadowaki, Joe"},{"namepart":"Kawamorita, Eiji J."},{"namepart":"Satow, Masao"},{"namepart":"Yamasaki, Mas"},{"namepart":"Sakahara, Dan"},{"namepart":"Tamura, George"},{"namepart":"Honda, Harry"},{"namepart":"Toyama, Thomas"},{"namepart":"Nagamatsu, Tom"},{"namepart":"Miyano, Lily"},{"namepart":"Ogawa, Elmer"},{"namepart":"Kajikawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Chikuma, Bill"},{"namepart":"Mori, Henry"},{"namepart":"Maruyama, Mike M."},{"namepart":"Nishikawa, Roy"}],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"December 7, 1956","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens League author Ohki, Ed \nWada, Yuri \nHosokawa, Bill \nIseri, Mat \nMurayama, Tamotsu \nMiyake, Michael M. \nTajiri, Larry S. \nAntoku, Yoshitaro \nKadowaki, Joe \nKawamorita, Eiji J. \nSatow, Masao \nYamasaki, Mas \nSakahara, Dan \nTamura, George \nHonda, Harry \nToyama, Thomas \nNagamatsu, Tom \nMiyano, Lily \nOgawa, Elmer \nKajikawa, Bill \nChikuma, Bill \nMori, Henry \nMaruyama, Mike M. \nNishikawa, Roy","download_large":"ddr-pc-28-49-mezzanine-1b6eba3bd1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-21-4","model":"entity","index":"17 442/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-21-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-21-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-21/ddr-csujad-21-4-mezzanine-6c0e8f05bb-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-21/ddr-csujad-21-4-mezzanine-6c0e8f05bb-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Francis Biddle, Attorney General of the United States, to Frank Herron Smith, May 8, 1945","description":"Biddle's response to Smith's letter to Harry Truman requesting that J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI become involved in stopping the arson and shootings perpetrated against Japanese Americans (see Letter from Frank Herron Smith to President Harry S. Truman, May 4, 1945) informs Smith that unless a federal law is violated, he can not be involved. Biddle states that he has asked Hoover to give him a report on the \"outrages,\" and requests that Smith send any other details he has so that Biddle can notify Governor Earl Warren about them. See related Letter from Frank Herron Smith to President Harry S. Truman, May 4, 1945 . See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: 065-1-a-01-01-04","extent":"1 page ; typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-21-4","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Biddle, Francis, 1886-1968"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Violence","id":"186"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Special Collections and Archives, Robert E. Kennedy Library, California Polytechnic State University","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Washington, DC","creation":"5/8/1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Biddle, Francis, 1886-1968 author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-21-4-mezzanine-6c0e8f05bb-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-119-129","model":"entity","index":"18 443/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-119-129/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-119-129/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-129-mezzanine-e119651080-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-129-mezzanine-e119651080-a.jpg"},"title":"Minidoka Irrigator Vol. V No. 2 (March 10, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Gate Procedure for Visitors to Center Now Put in Effect\" (p. 1), \"Approved Relocation Suspended\" (p. 1), \"Lost Battalion Gives Plaque to 442nd Infantry for Rescue\" (p. 1), \"Bar Association Acts to Protect Minority Rights\" (p. 1), \"Hood River Legion Post to Restore Names of Nisei Men\" (p. 1), \"Oregon Alien Land Law Introduced\" (p. 1), \"Evacuee Wins Suit Against White Tenant\" (p. 1), \"Spain Consul Visits Here\" (p. 1), \"FBI Probe Asked in D.H. Incident\" (p. 1), \"Exclusion of Japanese Asked\" (p. 2), \"Only 500 Return to West Coast Home\" (p. 2), \"Group Warned of Anti-Japanese Feeling on W. Coast\" (p. 2), \"Nisei Lobby in Congress Doomed to Failure -- P.I.\" (p. 2), \"Korematsu Denied Appeal by Court\" (p. 2), \"Federal Court Ruling Requested on Individual Army Exclusions\" (p. 4), \"6000 Tule Lakers Ask Expatriation\" (p. 4).","extent":"1447W x 1987H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-119-129","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Minidoka Irrigator","id":"173"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"March 10, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-119-129-mezzanine-e119651080-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-278-10","model":"segment","index":"19 444/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-278-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-278-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-yharry-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-yharry-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Harry K. Yoshikawa Interview Segment 10","description":"Hearing about the bombing of Pearl Harbor, neighbors being arrested by the FBI
Due to technical difficulties during the taping of this interview, the interviewer's voice is considerably louder than the narrator's. This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:04:34","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-278-10","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":481,"namepart":"Harry K. Yoshikawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Los Angeles, California","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1002608\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"April 14, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Harry K. Yoshikawa narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer","download_large":"denshovh-yharry-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"85","model":"narrator","index":"20 445/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/85/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/85/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/stad.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/stad.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/85/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tad Sato","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 9, 1922, in Portland, Oregon. Moved to Seattle with father after parents divorced. Grew up in Seattle's Nihonmachi where father ran a secondhand store. Disinterested in college after seeing a lack of employment opportunities for graduating Japanese Americans. Went to work for Great Northern Railway, laying and maintaining tracks on the West Coast. At war's onset, Great Northern brought its Japanese workers together in a segregated gang outside the restricted zone, so he continued to work for the railroad, thus avoiding incarceration in a War Relocation Authority camp. While away, father was picked up by the FBI, and then sent to Kooskia internment camp, Idaho, where he was held throughout the war. Drafted into military service in 1945. Returned to Great Northern and was promoted through the ranks in the accounting department despite running into workplace discrimination."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-17-5","model":"segment","index":"21 446/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-17-5/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-17-5/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-droger-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-droger-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Roger Daniels Interview Segment 5","description":"FBI arrests and the effect on the Japanese American community (audio only)
This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:07:19","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-17-5","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":166,"namepart":"Roger Daniels"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Arrest, searches, and seizures","id":"50"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"November 18, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Roger Daniels narrator","download_large":"denshovh-droger-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-156-265","model":"entity","index":"22 447/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-156-265/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-156-265/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-156/ddr-densho-156-265-mezzanine-63cd1280a9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-156/ddr-densho-156-265-mezzanine-63cd1280a9-a.jpg"},"title":"Daily Press Review, Vol. VI, No. 1","description":"Article titles: \"YMCA to Aid Jap Evacuees\"; \"Legion Scores Admission of Japs to College\"; \"Japanese Girl Barred from Hunter College\"; \"Local FBI Arrests Jap\"; \"Jap Chef Saved by Dinner Bell\"; \"Postoffice Established at Relocation Center\"; \"Japanese Servant of Royal Rank Held\"; \"Beet Hands Needed Badly Says Sugar Firm Official\"; \"Delay is Sought in Jap's Trial\"; \"Japanese Evacuees Labor in Klamath County\"; \"Sportsmen, Farmers Ask No More Newel Hunt Closure\"; \"Treat Japanese as U.S. Citizens, Residents Told\"; \"140 Japanese Arrive to Help in Beet Fields\"; \"Need for Sugar Beet Workers Said Urgent\"; \"865 Jap Evacuees to Harvest Beets\"; \"Camp Calls Last Jap\"; \"134 Alaskans at Japanese Center\"; \"Utah Japanese Gather Scrap\"; \"Son of Japanese Father, English Mother Pleaded Guilty to Violation of Japanese Ban\"; \"Japanese Guilty of Giving Travel Permit to Another\"; \"Montana Citizens Aroused by Use of Japanese Field Workers to Save Sugar Beet Harvest.\"","extent":"2364W x 3088H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-156-265","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","creation":"October 12, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-156-265-mezzanine-63cd1280a9-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-119","model":"entity","index":"23 448/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-119/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-119/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-nbill-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-nbill-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Bill Nishimura Interview","description":"Nisei male, born June 21, 1920, in Compton, California. Raised on a farm in Lawndale, California. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, his father was picked up by FBI and detained at a Department of Justice (DOJ) internment camp in Lordsburg, New Mexico. His family voluntarily moved to Visalia, California, then was forcibly moved to Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Sent to Tule Lake concentration camp, California, as a result of answering \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questions.\" He renounced his U.S. citizenship in protest of the incarceration, and was transferred to the DOJ's Santa Fe internment camp, then to an Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) camp in Crystal City, Texas. After his release from Crystal City, he resettled in California. Mr. Nishimura regained his U.S. citizenship in 1953.
(This interview took place at the 2000 Tule Lake Pilgrimage in Klamath Falls, Oregon.)","extent":"01:01:09","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-119","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":117,"namepart":"Bill Nishimura"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Steve Hamada"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0133c3v","namepart":"Nishimura, Toru Bill"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Klamath Falls, Oregon","creation":"July 2, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Bill Nishimura narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nSteve Hamada videographer Nishimura, Toru Bill 88922nr0133c3v","download_large":"denshovh-nbill-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-5-155","model":"entity","index":"24 449/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-155/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-155/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-155-mezzanine-1d5d9c197f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-155-mezzanine-1d5d9c197f-a.jpg"},"title":"Department of Justice Alien Enemy Hearing Board Report and Recommendation page 3 of 4","description":"Photocopy of a declassified report detailing the reasoning behind the recommendation that Dr. Keizaburo Koyama be interned as an alien enemy. This page continues with the assessment of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce. The Chamber felt it was under FBI investigation in 1940 and someone there suggested they conduct their meetings in secret. The report states that Dr. Koyama took great interest in the organization and financially contributed more than required. Dr. Koyama adds that his dentist practice is one-half American, but he was reluctant to divulge his American acquaintances. Pertaining to his family, he said his son spent time at a Japanese language school, but no longer attends, but he is active with the Boy Scouts. Other than the Japanese Methodist Episcopal Church, the Oregon State Dental Society, and the Japanese Chamber of Commerce, Dr. Koyama belongs to no other organization. While Dr. Koyama made a good impression on the board, they felt he was not fully open with his answers.","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-155","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Everson, William G."},{"role":"author","namepart":"Clark, Alfred E."},{"role":"author","namepart":"Scott, Leslie M."},{"role":"United States District Attorney","namepart":"Donaugh, Carl C."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Decision to incarcerate","id":"203"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Akiyama, Tomishichi"},{"namepart":"U.S. Department of Justice"},{"namepart":"Sokoku Kai"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Japan","id":"108"},{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Portland, Oregon","facility":[{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"}],"creation":"February 12, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Everson, William G. author \nClark, Alfred E. author \nScott, Leslie M. author \nDonaugh, Carl C. United States District Attorney Koyama, Keizaburo \nAkiyama, Tomishichi \nU.S. Department of Justice \nSokoku Kai","download_large":"ddr-one-5-155-mezzanine-1d5d9c197f-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"FBI","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}