This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:03:18","links_children":"ddr-densho-1001-36-7","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":286,"namepart":"Iku Amatatsu Watanabe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Hisa Matsudaira"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community Collection","geography":[{"term":"Bainbridge Island, Washington","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1006381\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Bainbridge Island, Washington","creation":"August 5, 2007","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Iku Amatatsu Watanabe narrator \nHisa Matsudaira interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-wiku-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-287-13","model":"segment","index":"1 351/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-287-13/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-287-13/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kmasamizu-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kmasamizu-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Masamizu Kitajima Interview Segment 13","description":"Visiting father after his pick-up by FBI
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:04:26","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-287-13","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":490,"namepart":"Masamizu Kitajima"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Arrest, searches, and seizures","id":"50"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Hawaii","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7007249\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"June 12, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Masamizu Kitajima narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-kmasamizu-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-287-15","model":"segment","index":"2 352/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-287-15/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-287-15/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kmasamizu-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kmasamizu-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Masamizu Kitajima Interview Segment 15","description":"Enduring harassment by the FBI after father's arrest
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:07:31","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-287-15","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":490,"namepart":"Masamizu Kitajima"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Arrest, searches, and seizures","id":"50"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Hawaii","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7007249\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"June 12, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Masamizu Kitajima narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-kmasamizu-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"89","model":"narrator","index":"3 353/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/89/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/89/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/trae.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/trae.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/89/interviews/"},"display_name":"Rae Takekawa","bio":"Sansei female. Born August 27, 1927, in Bellevue, Washington. Raised on the family farm in Bellevue, Washington, prior to World War II. Was incarcerated at the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Was released early to harvest sugar beets in Chinook, Montana. At the onset of World War II, her father was picked up by the FBI, detained by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle, and then incarcerated at the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana."},{"id":"950","model":"narrator","index":"4 354/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/950/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/950/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-chi-1-6_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-chi-1-6_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/950/interviews/"},"display_name":"Junko Mizuta","bio":"Nisei female. Born 1925 in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in Portland, where parents ran a laundry business and managed an apartment house. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested by the FBI, and the rest of the family was removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon. While at the assembly center, Junko, a teenager, witnessed firsthand the shooting of a Japanese American cook by a camp guard. After leaving camp, went to school for a time in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, before moving to Chicago, Illinois."},{"id":"763","model":"narrator","index":"5 355/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/763/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/763/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/oetsuko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/oetsuko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/763/interviews/"},"display_name":"Etsuko Ichikawa Osaki","bio":"Nisei female. Born February 19, 1931, in Fresno, California. Family moved to Seattle, Washington, where father became minister of the Seattle Buddhist Temple. During the war, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Transferred to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, to be reunited with father, who was arrested by the FBI after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. After the war, returned to Seattle, where parents reestablished the Buddhist temple. Etsuko and her family eventually moved to Portland, Oregon."},{"id":"ddr-densho-67-9","model":"entity","index":"6 356/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-67-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-67/ddr-densho-67-9-mezzanine-6a5d82ab0c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-67/ddr-densho-67-9-mezzanine-6a5d82ab0c-a.jpg"},"title":"Lt. K.D. Ringle's \"Report on the Japanese Question\"","description":"Report by Lt. K.D. Ringle, of of the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI). Opinions: the vast majority of nisei are loyal to the U.S.; less than 3% possibly could act as saboteurs or agents, and are already known to FBI and ONI; nisei should be encouraged to participate in war effort; kibei are most dangerous, should be looked upon as 'enemy aliens'; entire \"Japanese problem\" magnified out of proportion due to racial characteristics, and should be handled on an individual, not racial basis; advises against internment in concentration camps. Recommendations: find means of holding in custodial detention persons deemed \"potentially dangerous,\" aliens or citizens.","extent":"3344W x 4072H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-67-9","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Ringle, K.D."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Decision to incarcerate","id":"203"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Ringle, K.D."}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"misc_document","creation":"26-Jan-42","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ringle, K.D. author Ringle, K.D.","download_large":"ddr-densho-67-9-mezzanine-6a5d82ab0c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-15-15","model":"entity","index":"7 357/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-15-15/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-15-15/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-15-mezzanine-132a772921-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-15-mezzanine-132a772921-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 16 No. 15 (April 15, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Three Nisei Soldiers Win Army Decorations\" (p. 1), \"Gen. DeWitt Opposes Return of Evacuees. 'Jap's a Jap,' Declared Army Commander; Repudiates Citizen Rights of Japanese Americans\" (p. 1), \"Topaz Resident Killed by Shot Fired by M.P.\" (p. 1), \"Japanese Americans Carried Out Special Assignment\" (p. 1), \"FBI Director Says Japanese in Hawaii Not Reponsible for Espionage Before December 7\" (p. 2), \"Release of Loyal Evacuees Advocated by Seattle Paper\" (p. 2), \"Warren Says State Not Actively Opposing Return of Evacuees\" (p. 3), \"Possibility Evacuees May Get U.S. Housing Help Reported\" (p. 7), \"Outside Workers Must Live Off Project, Rules WRA\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-15-15","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"April 15, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-15-15-mezzanine-132a772921-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-13-45","model":"entity","index":"8 358/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-13-45/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-13-45/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-13/ddr-densho-13-45-mezzanine-23860ddd00-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-13/ddr-densho-13-45-mezzanine-23860ddd00-a.jpg"},"title":"Peace activist and internees","description":"Floyd Schmoe, a pacifist and supporter of the Japanese American community, with Yoshi Asaba and Father Joe Kitagawa at the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Father Kitagawa was the Episcopal minister at Minidoka. Floyd Schmoe was born in 1895 and is a peace activist and Quaker from Seattle, Washington. Schmoe was a strong supporter of the Japanese American community and firmly opposed the incarceration. He was investigated by the FBI because of his activism. Throughout World War II, Schmoe visited and lived in the Minidoka, Heart Mountain, and Tule Lake incarceration camps. He played a pivotal role in the resettlement of Japanese Americans in the Seattle area.","extent":"1600W x 1905H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-13-45","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Support from the non-Japanese American community","id":"80"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Schmoe, Floyd"},{"namepart":"Asaba, Yoshi"},{"namepart":"Kitagawa, Joe"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"c.1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Schmoe, Floyd \nAsaba, Yoshi \nKitagawa, Joe","download_large":"ddr-densho-13-45-mezzanine-23860ddd00-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-379-750","model":"entity","index":"9 359/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-379-750/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-379-750/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-379/ddr-densho-379-750-mezzanine-be66b14562-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-379/ddr-densho-379-750-mezzanine-be66b14562-a.jpg"},"title":"Chimata Sumida Department of Justice Case File","description":"Chimata Sumida's Department of Justice File includes the warrant for his arrest on January 19, 1942; a FBI investigation report that focused on Sumida's store and the inclusion of a stock of radios with short-wave capabilities; Sumida's Alien Enemy Questionnaire; and a transcript of his hearing for parole from Fort Missoula. Chimata Sumida's hearing for parole focused on his business, community involvement, and his feelings about what loyalty he held toward Japan and the United States. The original decision by the hearing committee was for further internment, but a further review decided that Chimata Sumida would be paroled. The parole notice was dated July 12, 1942.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-379-750","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Department of Justice camps","id":"82"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- Los Angeles","id":"272"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Retail","id":"368"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Arrest, searches, and seizures","id":"50"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr007bb08","namepart":"Chimata Sumida"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","facility":[{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"}],"creation":"1941-1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Chimata Sumida 88922nr007bb08","download_large":"ddr-densho-379-750-mezzanine-be66b14562-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-219","model":"entity","index":"10 360/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-219/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-219/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bkazuko-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bkazuko-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Kazuko Uno Bill Interview II","description":"Nisei female. Born June 5, 1921, in Seattle, Washington. Raised in South Park, Washington where family operated a small produce farm. Attended Cleveland High School and the University of Washington. Was in senior year of college on December 7, 1941. Father picked up by FBI following the bombing of Pearl Harbor and sent to Missoula internment camp, Montana. Family removed to Pinedale Assembly Center and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Worked as lab technician in Tule Lake hospital. Left camp to attend Women's Medical College in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Did residency in tuberculosis hospital in Detroit, Michigan, specializing in radiology. Practiced in Michigan, Tennessee, Washington and California before retiring in 1991.","extent":"01:06:43","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-219","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":296,"namepart":"Kazuko Uno Bill"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Megan Asaka"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr006dh9d","namepart":"Uno, Kazuko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"June 11, 2008","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kazuko Uno Bill narrator \nMegan Asaka interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Uno, Kazuko 88922nr006dh9d","download_large":"denshovh-bkazuko-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-254","model":"entity","index":"11 361/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-254/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-254/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-nlillian-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-nlillian-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Lillian Nakano Interview","description":"Sansei female, born April 30, 1928, in Honolulu, Hawaii. Grew up in Hawaii, where family ran a successful wholesale bakery business. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was picked up by the FBI and sent to Sand Island internment camp. Moved with rest of the family to Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas, to be reunited with father. Moved for a short time to the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, when Jerome closed, before returning to Hawaii. Married and moved to Chicago, Illinois, before eventually moving to Los Angeles. Along with husband Bert Nakano, became active in the redress movement, helping to establish the National Coalition for Redress and Reparations.","extent":"01:42:31","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-254","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":409,"namepart":"Lillian Nakano"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Megan Asaka"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0116j0r","namepart":"Sugita, Lillian Reiko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Torrance, California","creation":"July 8, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Lillian Nakano narrator \nMegan Asaka interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Sugita, Lillian Reiko 88922nr0116j0r","download_large":"denshovh-nlillian-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-211","model":"entity","index":"12 362/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-211/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-211/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bkazuko-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-bkazuko-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Kazuko Uno Bill Interview I","description":"Nisei female. Born June 5, 1921, in Seattle, Washington. Raised in South Park, Washington where family operated a small produce farm. Attended Cleveland High School and the University of Washington. Was in senior year of college on December 7, 1941. Father picked up by FBI following the bombing of Pearl Harbor and sent to Missoula internment camp, Montana. Family removed to Pinedale Assembly Center and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Worked as lab technician in Tule Lake hospital. Left camp to attend Women's Medical College in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Did residency in tuberculosis hospital in Detroit, Michigan, specializing in radiology. Practiced in Michigan, Tennessee, Washington and California before retiring in 1991.","extent":"02:49:54","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-211","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":296,"namepart":"Kazuko Uno Bill"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Megan Asaka"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr006dh9d","namepart":"Uno, Kazuko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 7, 2008","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kazuko Uno Bill narrator \nMegan Asaka interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Uno, Kazuko 88922nr006dh9d","download_large":"denshovh-bkazuko-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1007-1792","model":"entity","index":"13 363/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1792/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1007-1792/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1007/ddr-densho-1007-1792-mezzanine-64c82bbbb2-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1007/ddr-densho-1007-1792-mezzanine-64c82bbbb2-a.jpg"},"title":"Interview with Frank Emi, part 1 of 6","description":"Emi discusses resisting the draft, the difference between Nisei and Caucasians, Issei attitudes toward the draft, the attitudes of draft resisters, Heart Mountain as a \"model\" relocation camp, being arrested in camp by the FBI, awaiting trial in jail in Cheyenne and Laramie (in WY), his family's thoughts on him resisting the draft, and a fellow Fair Play Committee member by the name of Guntaro Kubota. Interview starts at 0:30. Loni Ding can be heard asking questions behind the camera. Original title: II RES/PRO #2, Frank Emi UCLA 5/31/86, Roll 2. Interview continues at ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1793/","extent":"00:22:21","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-1792","creators":[{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Ding, Loni"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Emi, Frank"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Performing arts -- Film -- Documentaries","id":"251"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Draft resistance","id":"95"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Draft resistance -- Fair Play Committee","id":"428"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Emi, Frank"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"May 31, 1986","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ding, Loni interviewer \nEmi, Frank interviewee Emi, Frank","download_large":"ddr-densho-1007-1792-mezzanine-64c82bbbb2-a.jpg"},{"id":"492","model":"narrator","index":"14 364/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/492/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/492/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mnellie.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mnellie.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/492/interviews/"},"display_name":"Nellie Mitani","bio":"Nisei female. Born January 31, 1919, in Mesa, Arizona. Grew up in Arizona, where family ran a produce farm. Attended college, and after marrying husband, a Methodist minister, moved to Bakersfield, California. During World War II, removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. While in Poston, husband was picked up by the FBI and transferred to Crystal City incarceration camp, Texas, so Ms. Mitani moved to join her husband. They were then both transferred to the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. After the war, eventually returned to California."},{"id":"393","model":"narrator","index":"15 365/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/393/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/393/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hgrace.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hgrace.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/393/interviews/"},"display_name":"Grace Sugita Hawley","bio":"Sansei female. Born September 28, 1931, in Honolulu, Hawaii. Grew up in Honolulu, where parents owned and operated a bakery. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was picked up by the FBI and taken to the Sand Island internment camp, Hawaii. Family was removed to the mainland in order to reunite with father, and was taken to Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. After Jerome closed, transferred to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, before settling in St. Paul, Minnesota. Also lived in Chicago, Illinois, before eventually returning permanently to Honolulu."},{"id":"372","model":"narrator","index":"16 366/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/372/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/372/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/isatoru.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/isatoru.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/372/interviews/"},"display_name":"Satoru Ichikawa","bio":"Nisei male. Born November 2, 1929, in Fresno, California. Moved with family at a young age to Seattle, Washington, where father was the minister of the Seattle Buddhist Temple. Father was arrested by the FBI following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and removed to various Department of Justice internment camps. The rest of the family was removed to Puyallup Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Washington, eventually reuniting with father in Crystal City internment camp, Texas. Returned to Seattle following the war where family reestablished the Buddhist temple."},{"id":"652","model":"narrator","index":"17 367/{'value': 476, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/652/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/652/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hgrace_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hgrace_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/652/interviews/"},"display_name":"Grace Hata","bio":"Nisei female. Born December 5, 1930, in Gardena, California. Grew up in Gardena where parents ran a restaurant. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested and taken away by the FBI. During mass removal, family was sent to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, and reunited with father. Following the Leave Clearance questionnaire in 1943, family transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California, and then repatriated to Japan. 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