{"total":6160,"limit":25,"offset":350,"prev_offset":325,"next_offset":375,"page_size":25,"this_page":15,"num_this_page":25,"prev_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=Department of the interior&limit=25&offset=325","next_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=Department of the interior&limit=25&offset=375","objects":[{"id":"ddr-csujad-42-110","model":"entity","index":"0 350/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-42-110/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-42-110/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-42/ddr-csujad-42-110-mezzanine-51cfac51e4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-42/ddr-csujad-42-110-mezzanine-51cfac51e4-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from W. S. Hislop, Associate Construction Superintendent, Gila River Project, War Relocation Authority, April 23, 1945","description":"A letter from W. S. Hislop, Associate Construction Superintendent, Gila River Project, War Relocation Authority, United States Department of the Interior. It appears that the shipment from Tom Nakashima in Reno Nevada has arrived at the Gila River incarceration camp and been inspected. The letter certifies that the shipment contains mechanic hand tools which belong to Fumio Fred Takano. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/14325\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tak_01_59_001</a>","extent":"1 page, 10.5 x 8 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-42-110","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Hislop, W. S."},{"role":"author","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Work and jobs","id":"76"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Rivers, Arizona","facility":[{"term":"Gila River","id":"3"}],"creation":"4/23/1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hislop, W. S. author \nUnited States. War Relocation Authority author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-42-110-mezzanine-51cfac51e4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-42-105","model":"entity","index":"1 351/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-42-105/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-42-105/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-42/ddr-csujad-42-105-mezzanine-4ba2357ea1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-42/ddr-csujad-42-105-mezzanine-4ba2357ea1-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Fred W. Ross, Relocation Officer, War Relocation Authority, August 8, 1944","description":"A letter from Fred W. Ross, Relocation Officer, War Relocation Authority, United States Department of the Interior, to the employer who is hiring Fumio Fred Takano. It confirms that Fumio has been granted indefinite leave from the camp and is eligible for work. It also includes the requirements in hiring/releasing him and describes the resettlement program. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/14245\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tak_01_54_001</a>","extent":"1 page, 10.5 x 8 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-42-105","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Ross, Fred W."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Work leave","id":"103"},{"term":"World War II -- Administration -- War Relocation Authority (WRA)","id":"403"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Cleveland, Ohio","facility":[{"term":"Gila River","id":"3"}],"creation":"8/8/1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ross, Fred W. author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-42-105-mezzanine-4ba2357ea1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-295","model":"entity","index":"2 352/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-295/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-295/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hart-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hart-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Art Hansen Interview I","description":"White male. Born October 10, 1938, in Hoboken, New Jersey. Education History: BA, MA, Ph.D. at University of California, Santa Barbara. Work History: Professor of History and Asian American Studies, California State University, Fullerton (1966-Present); Visiting Professor, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, 1979-1980; Editor, Oral History Review, 1980-1987; President, Southwest Oral History Association (1991-1992); President, Oral History Association (2002-2003); Senior Historian, Japanese American National Museum (2001-2005) Publications: Coeditor, Reflections on Shattered Windows: Promises and Prospects for Asian American Studies (Pullman, WA: Washington State University Press, 1987); Editor, Japanese American Evacuation World War II Oral History Project [five parts: Evacuees; Administrators; Analysts; Resisters; Guards and Townspeople] (Munich, Ger.: K. G. Saur, 1992-1995]. Awards/Honors:  James V. Mink Oral History Award, Southwest Oral History Association, 1988; Outstanding Teacher Award, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, 1996-1997; Distinguished Faculty Member, College of Humanities and Social Studies, California State University, Fullerton, 2001-2002.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:46:15","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-295","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":165,"namepart":"Art Hansen"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Jim Gatewood"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"July 30, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Art Hansen narrator \nJim Gatewood interviewer \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hart-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-310","model":"entity","index":"3 353/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-310/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-310/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hart-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hart-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Art Hansen Interview II","description":"White male. Born October 10, 1938, in Hoboken, New Jersey. Education History: BA, MA, Ph.D. at University of California, Santa Barbara. Work History: Professor of History and Asian American Studies, California State University, Fullerton (1966-Present); Visiting Professor, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, 1979-1980; Editor, Oral History Review, 1980-1987; President, Southwest Oral History Association (1991-1992); President, Oral History Association (2002-2003); Senior Historian, Japanese American National Museum (2001-2005) Publications: Coeditor, Reflections on Shattered Windows: Promises and Prospects for Asian American Studies (Pullman, WA: Washington State University Press, 1987); Editor, Japanese American Evacuation World War II Oral History Project [five parts: Evacuees; Administrators; Analysts; Resisters; Guards and Townspeople] (Munich, Ger.: K. G. Saur, 1992-1995]. Awards/Honors:  James V. Mink Oral History Award, Southwest Oral History Association, 1988; Outstanding Teacher Award, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, 1996-1997; Distinguished Faculty Member, College of Humanities and Social Studies, California State University, Fullerton, 2001-2002.<p>(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:28:13","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-310","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":165,"namepart":"Art Hansen"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Jim Gatewood"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"December 6, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Art Hansen narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nJim Gatewood interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hart-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-42-103","model":"entity","index":"4 354/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-42-103/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-42-103/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-42/ddr-csujad-42-103-mezzanine-c2d513c652-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-42/ddr-csujad-42-103-mezzanine-c2d513c652-a.jpg"},"title":"Daily work pass, WRA-139 rev., Fred Takano","description":"A daily work pass issued by War Relocation Authority, United States Department of the Interior, on July 5, 1944. It certifies that Fumio Fred Takano is authorized to leave the Gila River incarceration camp on workdays and specifies the times when he is allowed to leave and when he needs to return. The pass is valid from July 5, 1944 to August 1, 1944. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/14182\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tak_01_52_002</a>","extent":"2.5 x 4 inches, handwritten and typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-42-103","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"United States. War Relocation Authority"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Work leave","id":"103"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Work and jobs","id":"76"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","facility":[{"term":"Gila River","id":"3"}],"creation":"7/5/1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"United States. War Relocation Authority author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-42-103-mezzanine-c2d513c652-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-279","model":"entity","index":"5 355/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-279/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-279/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ntetsuo-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ntetsuo-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tetsuo Nomiyama Interview","description":"Kibei-Nisei male. Born January 20, 1916, in Alameda, California. At the age of five, family returned to live in Japan. Attended school in Japan before returning to the U.S. in 1937. Drafted into the U.S. Army, and was in training when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Resisted military orders while in basic training, and was court martialed and imprisoned in the stockade at Fort McClellan, Alabama. Along with other Japanese Americans in the same situation, the group later came to be known as the \"Fort McClellan Disciplinary Barrack Boys,\" or \"DB Boys.\" Sentenced to five years' imprisonment, and served at Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary. In the 1980s, a legal team headed by Mr. Nomiyama's son-in-law mounted a legal effort to clear the DB Boys' names. They succeeded in having the army grant honorable discharges, but were unable to get the court martials ultimately overturned.<p>(Participating in this interview is Mr. Paul Minerich, who is Mr. Nomiyama's son-in-law. An attorney, Mr. Minerich headed the effort to clear his father-in-law's name regarding his wartime court martial conviction. This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:17:06","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-279","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":482,"namepart":"Tetsuo Nomiyama"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Westminster, California","creation":"May 2, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tetsuo Nomiyama narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ntetsuo-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-1","model":"entity","index":"6 356/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-kfred-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-kfred-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Fred Korematsu Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born January 30, 1919, in Oakland, California. Mr. Korematsu was working as a welder in San Francisco when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. After Executive Order 9066 was issued in 1942, he decided to resist the evacuation orders, and was not removed with his family. He was arrested in May of 1942, taken to jail, and eventually transferred to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, where his family was being held. He legally challenged the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, and his case made it to the U.S. Supreme Court, which upheld the order in 1944. Following World War II, Mr. Korematsu moved to Detroit, Michigan, where he married and raised a family before returning to California. In the early 1980s, his case was reopened after the discovery of a crucial document indicating that in the original 1944 case, the federal government had lied to the high court. The conviction was vacated by U.S. District Judge Marilyn Hall Patel in 1983, and in 1998, Mr. Korematsu was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.<p>(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film <i>Unfinished Business</i>.</p><p>This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:13:52","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-1","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":205,"namepart":"Fred Korematsu"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr008bb3x","namepart":"Korematsu, Fred Toyosaburo"}],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"November 15, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fred Korematsu narrator Korematsu, Fred Toyosaburo 88922nr008bb3x","download_large":"denshovh-kfred-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1020-13","model":"entity","index":"7 357/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1020-13/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1020-13/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1020/ddr-densho-1020-13-mezzanine-5c4e884556-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1020/ddr-densho-1020-13-mezzanine-5c4e884556-a.jpg"},"title":"Redress: An Oral History of the Office of Redress Administration","description":"In 1988, Congress passed and President Ronald Reagan signed the Civil Liberties Act, a historic piece of legislation that sought, for the first time, to provide a measure of justice to Japanese Americans nearly 40 years after their incarceration during World War II. The Japanese American Redress program that resulted is a little-known success story of the United States government - a program whose history is now captured in this film and oral history project. The Office of Redress Administration bore the seal and support of three different presidential administrations, and was run by a federal workforce that represented a diverse cross-section of the American people. And over its decade-long operation (1988-1998), the ORA reached 81,000 people with a redress payment and official apology letter from the President of the United States.\r\n\r\nThe Office of Redress Administration (ORA) Oral History Project is an effort to capture and preserve the first person recollections of those tasked with carrying out this historic government program, as well as the community leaders that made it possible. These interviews are featured in this short film.\r\n\r\nEmi Kuboyama, Project Creator, Interviewer; Todd Holmes, Project Consultant, Videographer, Assistant Editor & Producer; Geoff McGhee, Senior Video Editor & Producer. Historic footage generously provided by Nikkei for Civil Rights and Redress (NCRR) and Visual Communications.\r\n\r\n(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"0:30:40","links_children":"ddr-densho-1020-13","creators":[{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emi Kuboyama"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Todd Holmes"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"motion_picture","creation":"February 19, 2021","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Emi Kuboyama interviewer \nTodd Holmes videographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1020-13-mezzanine-5c4e884556-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-2","model":"entity","index":"8 358/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-hgordon-06-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-hgordon-06-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"<p>(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film <i>Unfinished Business</i>.</p><p>This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:15:22","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-2","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","creation":"October 25, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-06-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-555","model":"entity","index":"9 359/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-555/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-555/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-555-mezzanine-73979edc8f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-555-mezzanine-73979edc8f-a.jpg"},"title":"Leave permit for group work, George Naohara","description":"A leave permit for group work extension issued by Henry Harris Jr., Relocation Officer, War Relocation Authority, the U.S. Department of the Interior. It certifies that George Nobuo Naohara is allowed to leave the Manzanar camp in California on May 9, 1942 for Salt Lake City, Utah until April 15, 1943. Special conditions are noted in the permit: he is not allowed to leave Salt Lake County, Utah, without a special permit and required to notify WRA of his address change within Salt Lake County. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: <a href=\"http://cdm16855.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16855coll4/id/16131\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nao_05_13_007</a>","extent":"1 page, 10.5 x 8 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-555","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Harris, Henry Jr."}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Kibei","id":"45"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Work leave","id":"103"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Salt Lake, Utah","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"15754","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Harris, Henry Jr. author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-555-mezzanine-73979edc8f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-14","model":"entity","index":"10 360/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-14/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-14/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-blorraine-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-blorraine-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Lorraine Bannai Interview","description":"Sansei female. Born 1955 in Los Angeles, CA. Grew up in Gardena, CA, surrounded by a large Japanese American community. Influenced by father's role in community and politics, and mother's emphasis on education. Attended University of California, Santa Barbara where she became increasingly aware of Japanese American history, issues of ethnic identity and racial inequality. Attended the University of San Francisco School of Law where she honed her commitment to political and social activism. Only a few years out of law school, she joined a team of lawyers working to reopen the Supreme Court's 1944 decision in <i>Korematsu v. United States</i>. Convicted of violating the exclusion order during World War II, Mr. Korematsu's case went all the way to the Supreme Court where the exclusion and incarceration of Japanese Americans was upheld as constitutional, based on the government's argument of \"military necessity.\" Through a petition for writ of error <i>coram nobis</i> (establishing that the case was premised on errors of fact withheld from the judge and the defense by the prosecution), the legal team reopened the case, provided evidence that the factual underpinnings to the exclusion orders were fraudulent, and successfully had the <i>Korematsu</i> conviction vacated, as well as a handful of other similar convictions. In this interview, Ms. Bannai discusses the <i>coram nobis</i> legal team, the support for the effort among the Japanese American community, and personal lessons gained from being a part of this effort.<p>(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film <i>Unfinished Business</i>. </p><p> This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"00:08:03","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-14","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":112,"namepart":"Lorraine Bannai"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"October 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Lorraine Bannai narrator","download_large":"denshovh-blorraine-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1024-57","model":"entity","index":"11 361/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1024-57/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1024-57/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-57-mezzanine-0c4475b4fb-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-57-mezzanine-0c4475b4fb-a.jpg"},"title":"The Way Ahead","description":"On the release of Japanese-American from relocation centers for jobs in the Midwest. Nisei families leave a center. WRA offices locate civilian employment for them. Some Japanese work on a farm in Illinois, others in a candy factory, a machine shop, an egg dehydrating plant, and other industries. The WRA aids families in procuring living quarters.Creator(s): Department of the Interior. War Relocation Authority. 2/16/1944-6/30/1946  (Most Recent) Series: Motion Picture Films, ca. 1939 - ca. 1945 Record Group 210: Records of the War Relocation Authority, 1941 - 1989\r\n\r\nSee this item in the <a href=\"https://archive.org/details/digital-library-of-japanese-american-incarceration-films\" target=\"blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Digital Library of the Japanese American Incarceration Films</a> at: <a href=\"https://archive.org/details/ddr-densho-1024-57\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://archive.org/details/ddr-densho-1024-57</a>.","extent":"00:14:47","links_children":"ddr-densho-1024-57","creators":[{"role":"Producer","namepart":"War Relocation Authority Production"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"motion_picture","creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"War Relocation Authority Production Producer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1024-57-mezzanine-0c4475b4fb-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-16","model":"entity","index":"12 362/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-16/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-16/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-ipeter-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-ipeter-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Peter Irons Interview","description":"White male. Born 1940 in Salem, Massachusetts. Family moved frequently during his childhood due to father's employment. Strongly influenced by parents' values regarding racial tolerance and inclusion, and principles learned through Unitarian Church. While attending Antioch College in Ohio, became involved in political and social activism for civil rights. Joined the youth branch of NAACP, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and other groups. Active in sit-ins and other demonstrations addressing racial inequality, peace and related issues, eventually becoming a full-time organizer. Worked for the United Autoworkers Union. Resisted the draft, and was indicted by a federal grand jury in 1964. Convicted of failing to report for military service and sentenced to three years in prison. Graduated from Antioch College, 1966. Appealed his conviction to the United States Court of Appeals and lost. Served his sentence in federal institutions in Milan, Michigan, Terre Haute, Indiana, and Danbury, Connecticut. Following release from prison in 1969, attended graduate school at Boston University, obtaining PhD in political science in 1973. Accepted to Harvard Law School. While a law student, researched and filed a writ of error coram nobis with the federal court in which he had been convicted, and as a result had his conviction vacated. (Writ of error coram nobis establishes that the original case was premised on errors of fact withheld from the judge and the defense by the prosecution.) Graduated from Harvard Law School in 1978. Taught undergraduate and law school courses at several schools before joining faculty of the University of California at San Diego. While conducting research at the National Archives and Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. in preparation for writing a book, discovered evidence of governmental misconduct during World War II, which refuted the U.S. government's rationale of \"military necessity\" for the mass incarceration of persons of Japanese ancestry in 1942. Using this evidence, assisted the congressional Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. Contacted original defendants, initiated formation of legal teams, and was instrumental in filing petitions using the writ of error coram nobis, resulting in the reconsideration of the wartime \"internment cases\": Hirabayashi, Korematsu, and Yasui. Dr. Irons is a professor of political science and director of the Earl Warren Bill of Rights Project at the University of California, San Diego.<p>(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film <i>Unfinished Business</i>. </p><p> This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:06:01","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-16","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":122,"namepart":"Peter Irons"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"November 11, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Peter Irons narrator","download_large":"denshovh-ipeter-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-366-21","model":"segment","index":"13 363/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-366-21/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-366-21/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ymits-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ymits-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Mits Yamasaki Interview Segment 21","description":"Memories of Rohwer: joining the fire department<p>This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:11:42","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-366-21","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":608,"namepart":"Mits Yamasaki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Rohwer","id":"9"}],"creation":"September 19, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mits Yamasaki narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ymits-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-7-33-17","model":"segment","index":"14 364/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-7-33-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-7-33-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-shenry_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-shenry_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Henry Sakamoto Interview Segment 17","description":"Career with the Department of Agriculture<p>This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:09:45","links_children":"ddr-one-7-33-17","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":700,"namepart":"Henry Sakamoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Jane Comerford"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tim Rooney"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon Collection","geography":[{"term":"Portland, Oregon","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7014273\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","creation":"October 18, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Henry Sakamoto narrator \nJane Comerford interviewer \nTim Rooney videographer","download_large":"denshovh-shenry_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-411-12","model":"segment","index":"15 365/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-411-12/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-411-12/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-uyoshihiro-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-uyoshihiro-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Yoshihiro Uchida Interview Segment 12","description":"Father and brothers sent to Department of Justice camps<p>This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:07:01","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-411-12","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":665,"namepart":"Yoshihiro Uchida"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"Bismarck, North Dakota","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7013429\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Jose, California","creation":"May 17, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yoshihiro Uchida narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer","download_large":"denshovh-uyoshihiro-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-401-14","model":"segment","index":"16 366/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-401-14/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-401-14/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hjohn_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hjohn_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"John Y. Hayakawa Interview Segment 14","description":"Working in the fire department in camp<p>This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:09:48","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-401-14","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":650,"namepart":"John Y. Hayakawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers -- Work and jobs","id":"208"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Jose, California","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"March 21, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"John Y. 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Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:04:24","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-273-18","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":453,"namepart":"Marjorie Matsushita Sperling"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Social and recreational activities","id":"195"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Culver City, California","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"February 24, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Marjorie Matsushita Sperling narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-smarjorie-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1003-1-21","model":"segment","index":"18 368/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1003-1-21/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1003-1-21/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1003/denshovh-mkiyo_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1003/denshovh-mkiyo_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Kiyo Maruyama Interview Segment 21","description":"Working in the camp's engineering department<p>This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:03:17","links_children":"ddr-densho-1003-1-21","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":616,"namepart":"Kiyo Maruyama"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Temporary Assembly Centers -- Work and jobs","id":"208"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Friends of Manzanar Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"October 24, 2011","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kiyo Maruyama narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer","download_large":"denshovh-mkiyo_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1003-8-17","model":"segment","index":"19 369/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1003-8-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1003-8-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1003/denshovh-ngrace-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1003/denshovh-ngrace-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Grace Shinoda Nakamura Interview Segment 17","description":"Job in camp: fingerprinting for the police department<p>This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:05:57","links_children":"ddr-densho-1003-8-17","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":633,"namepart":"Grace Shinoda Nakamura"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Sharon Yamato"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Friends of Manzanar Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Whittier, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"January 25, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Grace Shinoda Nakamura narrator \nSharon Yamato interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ngrace-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-401-19","model":"segment","index":"20 370/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-401-19/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-401-19/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hjohn_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hjohn_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"John Y. Hayakawa Interview Segment 19","description":"Hearing about the end of the war and sounding the fire department siren<p>This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:02:07","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-401-19","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":650,"namepart":"John Y. Hayakawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Jose, California","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"March 21, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"John Y. 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Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:03:30","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-273-21","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":453,"namepart":"Marjorie Matsushita Sperling"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","geography":[{"term":"St. Paul, Minnesota","id":"\"http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7013947\""}],"rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Culver City, California","creation":"February 24, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Marjorie Matsushita Sperling narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-smarjorie-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-308-8","model":"segment","index":"22 372/{'value': 6160, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-308-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-308-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ijames-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ijames-01-a.jpg"},"title":"James O. 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