{"total":575,"limit":25,"offset":525,"prev_offset":500,"next_offset":550,"page_size":25,"this_page":22,"num_this_page":25,"prev_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=Department of Justice&limit=25&offset=500","next_api":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/search/?fulltext=Department of Justice&limit=25&offset=550","objects":[{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-1381","model":"entity","index":"0 525/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1381/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-1381/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1381-mezzanine-34fd95fcf0-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1381-mezzanine-34fd95fcf0-a.jpg"},"title":"First class of nurses aides","description":"Scrapbook page containing four mounted black and white photographs of groups of female nurses aides in uniform at Crystal City Department of Justice Internment Camp. Two photographs show scrapbook compiler, Mary F. Clark, one sitting at a desk and the other with a group of nurses aides. From the Mary F. Clark scrapbook, \"Before I Forget, 1942-1947,\" page 52. See also sac_jaac_1334 through sac_jaac_1529. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1383","extent":"1 page; 15.5 x 10 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-1381","creators":[{"role":"compiler","namepart":"Clark, Mary Frances"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Department of Justice camps","id":"82"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Medical care and health issues","id":"70"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Work and jobs","id":"76"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Medicine","id":"364"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Crystal City, Texas","facility":[{"term":"Crystal City","id":"29"}],"creation":"6/30/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Clark, Mary Frances compiler","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-1381-mezzanine-34fd95fcf0-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-325-36","model":"entity","index":"1 526/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-325-36/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-325-36/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-325/ddr-densho-325-36-mezzanine-e1a980a3c4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-325/ddr-densho-325-36-mezzanine-e1a980a3c4-a.jpg"},"title":"Page of Hisa Nimura Horiuchi Scrapbook","description":"This page of the scrapbook shows documents from two distinct periods of Hisa's wartime life. At the top of the page is an invitation to a Goodbye party thrown at Tule Lake as people began to leave the camp. At the bottom is one of the forms Hisa had to turn into Tri-State High School in order to drop out after her father was sent to Santa Fe, a Department of Justice Internment Camp, after he was labelled a trouble maker at Tule Lake. Hisa dropped out of high school in 1943 and worked different jobs around the camp until the end of the war.","extent":"12W x 12H","links_children":"ddr-densho-325-36","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Wilhite, Dorothy"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp","id":"101"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Nimura Horiuchi Family","rights":"cc","genre":"album","creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Wilhite, Dorothy author","download_large":"ddr-densho-325-36-mezzanine-e1a980a3c4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-1375","model":"entity","index":"2 527/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1375/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-1375/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1375-mezzanine-a3829d144e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1375-mezzanine-a3829d144e-a.jpg"},"title":"History of the medical division","description":"Memorandum of understanding from J.L. O'Rourke to Division Heads requesting a written history of the divisions at Crystal City Department of Justice Internment Camp and a historical narrative written by Mary F. Clark about the Medical Division at Crystal City. Historical narrative describes internees, procedures, challenges, and statistics. From the Mary F. Clark scrapbook, \"Before I Forget, 1942-1947,\" page 46. See also sac_jaac_1334 through sac_jaac_1529. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1377","extent":"12 pages; 15.5 x 10 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-1375","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Clark, Mary Frances"},{"role":"author","namepart":"O'Rourke, J.L."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Department of Justice camps","id":"82"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Facilities, services, and camp administration","id":"69"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Crystal City, Texas","facility":[{"term":"Crystal City","id":"29"}],"creation":"7/20/1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Clark, Mary Frances author \nO'Rourke, J.L. author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-1375-mezzanine-a3829d144e-a.jpg"},{"id":"111","model":"narrator","index":"3 528/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/111/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/111/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/iyasashi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/iyasashi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/111/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yasashi Ichikawa","bio":"Issei female. Born 1907 in Shimonoseki, Japan. Attended school in Japan, and was encouraged by father to study English. Married a Buddhist minister and immigrated to the United States. Lived in Fresno, California, then returned to Japan for two years. Moved to Seattle, Washington, where husband was a minister at the Seattle Buddhist Temple. During World War II, husband was arrested and imprisoned in the Crystal City Department of Justice Camp, Texas. Mrs. Ichikawa, with her seven children, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, then to Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Joined husband in Crystal City before returning to run the Seattle Buddhist Temple."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-1336","model":"entity","index":"4 529/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1336/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-1336/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1336-mezzanine-4d905688a6-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1336-mezzanine-4d905688a6-a.jpg"},"title":"Fort Missoula, Montana","description":"Three mounted black and white photographs depicting internees boating on the Bitterroot River near Fort Missoula Department of Justice Internment Camp. Caption reads: Fort Missoula, Montana.\" Includes a brief description by Clark about the boating trips. Title from caption. From the Mary F. Clark scrapbook, \"Before I Forget, 1942-1947,\" page 7. See also sac_jaac_1334 through sac_jaac_1529. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1338","extent":"1 page, 15.5 x 10 inches; black and white","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-1336","creators":[{"role":"compiler","namepart":"Clark, Mary Frances"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Department of Justice camps","id":"82"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Missoula, Montana","facility":[{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"}],"creation":"circa 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Clark, Mary Frances compiler","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-1336-mezzanine-4d905688a6-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-21-4","model":"entity","index":"5 530/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-21-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-21-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-21/ddr-pc-21-4-mezzanine-803127b6dc-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-21/ddr-pc-21-4-mezzanine-803127b6dc-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 28 No. 4 (January 29, 1949)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Report Evacuees Slow in Filing Claims for Evacuation Losses With Department of Justice\" (p. 1), \"Nisei in Japan May Enlist as U.S. Interpreter\" (p. 1), \"California Assembly Considers Bills to Outlaw Race Prejudice\" (p. 1), \"Social Scientists Study Effects Of Language School Reopening On Japanese in Hawaii\" (p. 2), \"Ashes May Be Sent to Japan Under New Occupation Ruling\" (p. 2), \"30-Day Extension of Final Judgment Given Government In Case of Tule Renunciants\" (p. 3), \"Canadians Ask Repayment for Fishing Boats\" (p. 3), \"Evacuation Conditions Forced Family to Sell Home on Coast\" (p. 6), \"Army May Relax Restrictions On Issei, Nisei Visits to Japan\" (p. 7).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-21-4","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"January 29, 1949","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-21-4-mezzanine-803127b6dc-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-72","model":"entity","index":"6 531/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-72/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-72/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-nfumiko-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-nfumiko-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Fumiko M. Noji Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born October 13, 1909, in Bellingham, Washington. Lost her United States citizenship when she married an Issei through an arranged marriage. Before 1920, her husband's family established Columbia Greenhouse, one of the first Japanese American-owned greenhouse businesses. Incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Husband was held by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle before being interned in the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana. Briefly resettled with husband in Emmett, Idaho and Spokane, Washington before becoming one of the first families to return to Seattle where they resumed operation of the family greenhouse business.","extent":"01:39:17","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-72","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":75,"namepart":"Fumiko M. Noji"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Dee Goto"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr010rg7m","namepart":"Noji, Fumi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Bellevue, Washington","creation":"April 22, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fumiko M. Noji narrator \nDee Goto interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Noji, Fumi 88922nr010rg7m","download_large":"denshovh-nfumiko-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-17-48","model":"entity","index":"7 532/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-17-48/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-17-48/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-17/ddr-pc-17-48-mezzanine-c2e6ad1963-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-17/ddr-pc-17-48-mezzanine-c2e6ad1963-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 21 No. 22 (December 1, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Trailer Homes for Returning Evacuees\" (p. 1), \"Carusi Denies Bias on Nisei Travel Between U.S., Hawaii\" (p. 1), \"Reporter Unable to Discover Evidence of Any Nisei Part In Japanese Raid on Hawaii\" (p. 2), \"Gen. MacArthur Will Accept Repatriates from U.S., Says Justice Department Official\" (p. 2), \"First Tule Lake Group Deported on Transport. Report More Than 400 Voluntary Repatriates Leave from Seattle\" (p. 2), \"Poston Relocation Center Closes Before Deadline\" (p. 3), \"JACL Committee to Combat Seizures of Nisei-Owned Land\" (p. 3), \"Deny Federal Housing Being Diverted for Evacuee Group\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-17-48","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"December 1, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-17-48-mezzanine-c2e6ad1963-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-23-34","model":"entity","index":"8 533/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-23-34/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-23-34/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-23/ddr-pc-23-34-mezzanine-251fee0e3a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-23/ddr-pc-23-34-mezzanine-251fee0e3a-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 33 No. 7 (August 25, 1951)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Evacuees Must Submit Own Bids Under Amended Law. Justice Department Reveals Plan for Claims Settlement On New Compromise Basis\" (p. 1), \"California Governor Has High Praise for Nisei in State\" (p. 1), \"JACL ADC Officials Praise Government Action to Put Claims Plan Into Operation\" (p. 2), \"Air Force Seeks Nisei Linguists For Work in Far East Areas\" (p. 2), \"Midwest Convention Discussion Will Focus Attention on Future of Japanese American Group\" (p. 3), \"Deny Rumor Japanese May Be Recruited for Coastal Farms\" (p. 3), \"Migration of Peoples Develops Racial, Cultural Conflicts\" (p. 5).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-23-34","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"August 25, 1951","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-23-34-mezzanine-251fee0e3a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-481","model":"entity","index":"9 534/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-481/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-481/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-481-1-mezzanine-8f34180215-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-481-1-mezzanine-8f34180215-a.jpg"},"title":"George Kazuharu Naganuma Interview","description":"Born August 20, 1938, in Lima, Peru. Parents ran a laundry business and father was a prominent community leader. During World War II, the FBI arrested George's father and the entire family was placed on a ship and sent to the Department of Justice camp at Crystal City, Texas. After leaving camp, the family was not allowed to return to Peru, so they moved to San Francisco with the help and sponsorship of a Shinto church reverend. Became involved in numerous activities such as Boy Scouts and basketball. Drafted into the army and served in Germany.","extent":"1:25:00","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-481","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":928,"namepart":"George Kazuharu Naganuma"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Yoko Nishimura"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Yuka Murakami"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"September 20, 2019","status":"completed","search_hidden":"George Kazuharu Naganuma narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nYoko Nishimura interviewer \nYuka Murakami videographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-481-1-mezzanine-8f34180215-a.jpg"},{"id":"130","model":"narrator","index":"10 535/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/130/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/130/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yjoe.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yjoe.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/130/interviews/"},"display_name":"Joe Yasutake","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 25, 1932, in Seattle, Washington. Father employed by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service as interpreter for twenty years, until separated from family on December 7, 1941 and interned as an enemy alien. Removed from Seattle with mother, sister and two brothers in 1942. Attended school (fifth through sixth grades) while incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, and U.S. Department of Justice internment camp at Crystal City, TX. Reunited with father, Jack Kaichiro Yasutake, who was transferred from the U.S. Department of Justice internment camp in Lordsburg, NM to Crystal City, TX camp in 1944. After release from Crystal City camp, moved with parents to Cincinnati, OH. Moved with parents to Chicago, Illinois where father served as Executive Director of the Chicago Resettlers Committee. After high school graduation, attended Lawrence College in Wisconsin. Graduated from University of Illinois. Commissioned as lieutenant, U.S. Army, 1954, assigned to artillery and served in Germany. Returned to U.S. in 1956, discharged from the army. Married, had three sons. Late wife died in 1984. Was remarried in 1988 and has one stepdaughter. Received M.A., New York University. Moved to Ohio, employed by U.S. Air Force as psychologist. Received Ph.D. in Industrial Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus OH. Moved to Denver, CO. Retired in 1986 from the U.S. Air Force Human Resources Laboratory. Moved to California, employed by Lockheed. Serves in a volunteer capacity with community organizations, including as president of the Japanese American Museum of San Jose, and speaks at schools to educate students about the experiences of Japanese Americans and loss of constitutional rights during World War II. Also serves as chair of the San Jose Japantown Preservation Committee."},{"id":"117","model":"narrator","index":"11 536/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/117/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/117/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nbill.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nbill.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/117/interviews/"},"display_name":"Bill Nishimura","bio":"Nisei male, born June 21, 1920, in Compton, California. Raised on a farm in Lawndale, California. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, his father was picked up by FBI and detained at a Department of Justice (DOJ) internment camp in Lordsburg, New Mexico. His family voluntarily moved to Visalia, California, then was forcibly moved to Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Sent to Tule Lake concentration camp, California, as a result of answering \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questions.\" He renounced his U.S. citizenship in protest of the incarceration, and was transferred to the DOJ's Santa Fe internment camp, then to an Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) camp in Crystal City, Texas. After his release from Crystal City, he resettled in California. Mr. Nishimura regained his U.S. citizenship in 1953."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-149","model":"entity","index":"12 537/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-149/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-149/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tminoru-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-tminoru-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Minoru \"Min\" Tsubota Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born December 1, 1918, in Kent, Washington. Became interested in music in junior high school, and played in various music groups. Upon graduating from high school, worked for a manufacturing plant, and then volunteered for the army. Separated from unit along with other Japanese Americans after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and eventually served as an interpreter for a court-martial involving the shooting of two Issei men in a Department of Justice internment camp. Assigned to the 522nd Field Artillery Battalion, which was involved in liberating the Dachau concentration camp in Germany. Returned to Seattle after the war, and started a successful insurance business.","extent":"04:34:11","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-149","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":148,"namepart":"Minoru \"Min\" Tsubota"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tetsuden Kashima"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"August 18, 2003","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Minoru \"Min\" Tsubota narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nTetsuden Kashima interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-tminoru-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1024-4","model":"entity","index":"13 538/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1024-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1024-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-4-mezzanine-d4ce419d2b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-4-mezzanine-d4ce419d2b-a.jpg"},"title":"Crystal City Pilgrimage","description":"The first pilgrimage commemorating the largest U.S. Department of Justice multinational family concentration camp during World War II.\r\n\r\nSee this item in the Densho Resource Guide at: Crystal City Pilgrimage.\r\n\r\nSee this item in the Digital Library of the Japanese American Incarceration Films at: https://archive.org/details/ddr-densho-1024-4.","extent":"00:15:49","links_children":"ddr-densho-1024-4","creators":[{"role":"filmmaker","namepart":"Kondo,Alan"}],"topics":[{"term":"Reflections on the past -- Camp pilgrimages","id":"81"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"motion_picture","facility":[{"term":"Crystal City","id":"29"}],"creation":"2019","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kondo,Alan filmmaker","download_large":"ddr-densho-1024-4-mezzanine-d4ce419d2b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-67-68","model":"entity","index":"14 539/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-68/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-67-68/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-67/ddr-densho-67-68-mezzanine-87d718a956-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-67/ddr-densho-67-68-mezzanine-87d718a956-a.jpg"},"title":"Memorandum for the Solicitor General, Re: Japanese Brief","description":"Memo to the Solicitor General from Edward J. Ennis about an article written by Lt. Com. K. D. Ringle. Pg. 1: Ennis summarizes the article, which states that the Japanese are loyal, thus internment should have been on an individual basis. Pg. 2: Ringle's views are shared by the Navy, who thinks that evacuation was handled \"very badly.\" Pg. 3: Ennis questions the legitimacy of the army's position (that evacuating all people of Japanese descent was necessary) and the ability of the Justice Department to defend the army's actions given this article and the position of the Navy. Pg. 4: Ennis strongly suggests that not sharing this information with the Supreme Court \"might approximate the suppression of evidence.\"","extent":"3193W x 4334H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-67-68","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Decision to incarcerate","id":"203"},{"term":"Redress and reparations -- Legal cases/coram nobis cases","id":"167"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Ennis, Edward J."},{"namepart":"Ringle, K.D."}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"misc_document","creation":"30-Apr-43","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ennis, Edward J. author Ennis, Edward J. \nRingle, K.D.","download_large":"ddr-densho-67-68-mezzanine-87d718a956-a.jpg"},{"id":"335","model":"narrator","index":"15 540/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/335/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/335/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hnorman.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hnorman.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/335/interviews/"},"display_name":"Norman I. Hirose","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 22, 1926, in Oakland, California. Grew up in Oakland and Berkeley, California. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed with family to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, and Topaz concentration camp, Utah. Signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" in 1943 because of mother's wish to have the family move to Japan. Due to father's health, the family did not go to Japan, but Mr. Hirose was one of very few Nisei to be sent to the Santa Fe Department of Justice internment camp in New Mexico. After being released from Santa Fe, was drafted and served in the U.S. Army in Germany. Moved to Japan in 1950, where he taught at U.S. army schools. Married and raised a son in Japan, living there for thirty-seven years before returning to live in Berkeley, California."},{"id":"909","model":"narrator","index":"16 541/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/909/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/909/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-461_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-461_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/909/interviews/"},"display_name":"Ronald Ikejiri","bio":"Sansei male. Born December 3, 1948, in Los Angeles, California. During World War II, parents had been incarcerated at the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Father signed 'no-no' on the so-called 'loyalty questionnaire', renounced U.S. citizenship, and was sent to the Department of Justice camp at Bismarck, North Dakota. Family did not end up expatriating to Japan, and reunited instead at the Crystal City camp in Texas. After leaving camp, returned to California and started a gardening business in Gardena, California. Ronald attended UCLA and then graduated from the Northrop University School of Law. In the late 1970s, took a position as the Washington representative for the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL), and worked during the redress movement. Elected to the Gardena City Council in 2001."},{"id":"56","model":"narrator","index":"17 542/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/56/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/56/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mtom.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mtom.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/56/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tom Matsuoka","bio":"Kibei male. Born August 1, 1903, in Sprecklesville, Maui, Hawaii. Taken to Japan in 1905 and raised by grandparents. Returned to the United States in 1919, joining father at Barneston sawmill in Washington. Married and farmed in Bellevue, Washington. Founded Bellevue Seinenkai and managed the Bellevue Vegetable Growers Association prior to World War II. Was picked up by the FBI on December 8, 1941, detained by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle, then interned at the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana. Was transferred to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and then to Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Was released to harvest sugar beets in Chinook, Montana, with his family as work crew. Established a farm in Chinook."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-432","model":"entity","index":"18 543/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-432/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-432/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ytokio-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ytokio-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tokio Yamane Interview","description":"Kibei male. Born September 2, 1922, in Hawaii. Moved with family to Hiroshima at age three, then returned to the Fresno area of the U.S. for high school. During World War II, was sent to the Fresno Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. While at Jerome, refused to answer the so-called \"loyalty questions\" and was transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp when it became a segregation center. At the end of 1943, was involved in a confrontation with camp administrators and was severely beaten by War Relocation Officials and thrown in Tule Lake's stockade. While in the stockade, participated in a hunger strike, and later helped to organize young people's groups with the goal of going to Japan. Eventually renounced U.S. citizenship and was sent to the Santa Fe Department of Justice camp before expatriation to Japan. Remained in Japan after the war, working for the U.S. occupation army and then in private business.

(This interview was conducted in Japanese. The transcript is a translation of the original interview. This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"04:42:24","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-432","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":847,"namepart":"Yamane, Tokio"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Sachiko Takita-Ishii"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Yoko Murakawa"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr006gt3d","namepart":"Yamane, Tokio"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Japan","creation":"May 23, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yamane, Tokio narrator \nSachiko Takita-Ishii interviewer \nYoko Murakawa interviewer Yamane, Tokio 88922nr006gt3d","download_large":"denshovh-ytokio-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-119-120","model":"entity","index":"19 544/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-119-120/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-119-120/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-120-mezzanine-a529bc7218-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-120-mezzanine-a529bc7218-a.jpg"},"title":"Minidoka Irrigator Vol. IV No. 43 (January 6, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Solon Kimball Studies Center Situation Here. Questions Pertaining to Closing of Center Asked at Joint Meet\" (p. 1), \"Ore. Licenses Available For Business\" (p. 1), \"Insurance Data Available on Deceased Soldiers\" (p. 1), \"Absence of Nisei Names From Honor Roll Stirs Gardenans\" (p. 1), \"Father Tibesar to Go to Chicago to Help Evacuees Who Relocate in Eastern Areas\" (p. 1), \"Evacuee Resegregation Process Being Planned. Approved Repatriates, Expatriates To Be Under Justice Department\" (p. 1), \"Short Terms Issued Only In Emergency\" (p. 1), \"Hood River Family Offers Home to Men on Leave\" (p. 2), \"Oregonians Stirred By Hood River Legion Acts\" (p. 2), \"Farmers Oppose Japanese Return Says Baldwin\" (p. 2), \"Hirabayashi Sent To Federal Prison To Serve Sentence\" (p. 2), \"War Department Gives Tardy Recognition of Return\" (p. 2), \"70 Tule Lakers Go To Santa Fe Camp\" (p. 4), \"Evacuees Should Be Given Right to Establish Homes\" (p. 4).","extent":"1464W x 1978H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-119-120","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Minidoka Irrigator","id":"173"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"January 6, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-119-120-mezzanine-a529bc7218-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-154","model":"entity","index":"20 545/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-154/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-154/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-oarthur-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-oarthur-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Arthur Ogami Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born April 10, 1922, in Whittier, California. Spent childhood in California, before being removed to Manzanar concentration camp in 1942. Left Manzanar several times to work as a beet topper for local farmers. Decided to expatriate to Japan because of mother's wishes, and was transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp. In 1945, was moved with brother to Bismarck, North Dakota, a Department of Justice camp, before renouncing U.S. citizenship and traveling with family to Japan. Lived and worked in Japan until the 1950s, when he was able have his U.S. citizenship reinstated and return to the U.S. Raised family in Los Angeles, California.","extent":"03:57:38","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-154","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":170,"namepart":"Arthur Ogami"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs62","namepart":"Ogami, Arthur Mitsuru"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"March 10, 2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Arthur Ogami narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Ogami, Arthur Mitsuru 88922nr015zs62","download_large":"denshovh-oarthur-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-108","model":"entity","index":"21 546/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-108/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-108/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-108-mezzanine-7fd2100702-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-108-mezzanine-7fd2100702-a.jpg"},"title":"Redress monitor (May 1990)","description":"Newsletter of the Japanese American Citizens League Legislative Education Committee. Columns include, \"ORA Update,\" \"New ORA Deputy Administrator,\" \"Congressional Hearings Underscore Department of Justice Commitment to Redress,\" \"Eligibility Verification,\" \"Most Canadians Will Receive Redress by September 1990,\" \"Fundraising Update,\" \"Jacobs vs Thornburgh,\" \"Senator Spark Matsunaga Eulogized,\" \"Aleuts Finally Get Payment for Internment: $12,000 Checks,\" \"Matsui Speaks at Day of Remembrance Ceremony,\" \"NCJAR Finishes Work,\" \"States' Treatment of Redress,\" \"NCRR's Future Plans,\" \"Applications Underway For $12 Million Canadian Community Fund,\" and \"1990 JACL San Diego Convention Sayonara Banquet and Ball.\" Missing front page. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0110","extent":"17 pages; 11 x 8.5 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-108","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Japanese American Citizens' League"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- The Japanese American Citizens League","id":"20"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"1990-05","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Japanese American Citizens' League publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-108-mezzanine-7fd2100702-a.jpg"},{"id":"147","model":"narrator","index":"22 547/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/147/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/147/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kmarion.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kmarion.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/147/interviews/"},"display_name":"Marion Tsutakawa Kanemoto","bio":"Nisei female. Born December 30, 1927, in Seattle, Washington. Lived in Japan for fifteen months as a child, before returning to Seattle to attend junior high school. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was picked up by the FBI and taken to the Department of Justice camp at Missoula, Montana. Removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, before being reunited with father at the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Family volunteered to leave for Japan in 1943 on the U.S. government's \"exchange ship,\" the USS Gripsholm. Attended high school in Japan, and participated in military and air raid drills. During the U.S.'s postwar occupation of Japan, attended Doshisha University and worked for a U.S. army station hospital library. Returned to the U.S. and enrolled at St. Mary's teaching hospital in Rochester, Minnesota. Denied redress because of expatriation to Japan, but succeeded in obtaining redress in 1996 after filing a class-action lawsuit."},{"id":"847","model":"narrator","index":"23 548/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/847/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/847/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ytokio.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ytokio.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/847/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tokio Yamane","bio":"Kibei male. Born Born September 2, 1922, in Hawaii. Moved with family to Hiroshima at age three, then returned to the Fresno area of the U.S. for high school. During World War II, was sent to the Fresno Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. While at Jerome, refused to answer the so-called \"loyalty questions\" and was transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp when it became a segregation center. At the end of 1943, was involved in a confrontation with camp administrators and was severely beaten by War Relocation Officials and thrown in Tule Lake's stockade. While in the stockade, participated in a hunger strike, and later helped to organize young people's groups with the goal of going to Japan. Eventually renounced U.S. citizenship and was sent to the Santa Fe Department of Justice camp before expatriation to Japan. Remained in Japan after the war, working for the U.S. occupation army and then in private business."},{"id":"ddr-pc-18-2","model":"entity","index":"24 549/{'value': 575, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-18-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-18-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-2-mezzanine-081f2051e3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-2-mezzanine-081f2051e3-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 22 No. 2 (January 12, 1946)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Justice Department Initiates Hearings for 3000 Persons Who Wish to Remain in U.S.\" (p. 1), \"Vandals Smash Glass in Store Owned by Nisei\" (p. 1), \"Japanese American Issue Raised at Hawaii Hearing. No Danger of Nisei Voting Bloc Seen by Proponents of Statehood Status for Islands\" (p. 1), \"Order Relaxes Restrictions on Enemy Aliens\" (p. 1), \"Fire Destroys School Building at Tule Lake Center\" (p. 1), \"Army Colonel Calls on Civic Leaders for Militant Activity to Prevent Anti-Evacuee Acts\" (p. 2), \"[Report] 22,500 Nisei Served in U.S. Army\" (p. 3), \"Canada Government Proceeds With Plans for Deportation of Repatriates, Renunciants\" (p. 3), \"Clarification by Alien Property Custodian Calms Fears of Issei on Seizure of Holdings\" (p. 3), \"Tule Lake Begins Year with Population Of Seven Thousand\" (p. 3).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-18-2","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"January 12, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-18-2-mezzanine-081f2051e3-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Department of Justice","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}