(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:33:48","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-285","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":488,"namepart":"Kazue Murakami Tanimoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Hilo, Hawaii","creation":"June 10, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kazue Murakami Tanimoto narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-tkazue-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-214","model":"entity","index":"1 101/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-214/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-214/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mnancy-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mnancy-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Nancy Sawada Miyagishima Interview","description":"Sansei female. Born September 17, 1930, in Sacramento, California. Spent childhood in Sacramento where mother and stepfather worked on strawberry fields. Sent to live with relatives in Fort Lupton, Colorado, after mother passed away in March 1941. Unable to return to West Coast after the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Extended family moved to Colorado during \"voluntary evacuation\" period. Stepfather and younger sister removed to Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas, where they renounced citizenship and repatriated to Japan in 1946. Attended high school in Brighton and Denver, Colorado. Married husband, Alfred Miyagishima, and worked as a dental assistant until retirement.","extent":"01:22:12","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-214","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":300,"namepart":"Nancy Sawada Miyagishima"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Megan Asaka"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Denver, Colorado","creation":"May 13, 2008","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Nancy Sawada Miyagishima narrator \nMegan Asaka interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-mnancy-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-293","model":"entity","index":"2 102/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-293/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-293/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-taiko-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-taiko-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Aiko Tengan Tokunaga Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born September 8, 1943, in Naha, Okinawa, to a Nisei mother born in Hawaii and father from mainland Japan. Father was killed during World War II while serving in Okinawa in Japan's medical corps. Aiko barely survived infancy due to the devastation in Okinawa during the war. Moved to Los Angeles at the age of twelve to join mother who had moved previously. Grew up in Los Angeles, eventually becoming a prominent instructor of traditional Okinawan dance.","extent":"02:28:08","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-293","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":509,"namepart":"Aiko Tengan Tokunaga"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"July 29, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Aiko Tengan Tokunaga narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-taiko-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-400","model":"entity","index":"3 103/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-400/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-400/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kmolly-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-kmolly-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Molly Enta Kitajima Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born October 10, 1925, in Strawberry Hill, British Columbia, near Vancouver. Grew up in Strawberry Hill where parents ran a farm. During World War II, family was removed inland to a farm near Winnipeg. Molly eventually married and moved to California.","extent":"02:23:01","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-400","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":649,"namepart":"Molly Enta Kitajima"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Jose, California","creation":"March 20, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Molly Enta Kitajima narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-kmolly-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-504","model":"entity","index":"4 104/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-504/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-504/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-504-1-mezzanine-7f3c68f6b4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-504-1-mezzanine-7f3c68f6b4-a.jpg"},"title":"Mary Jane Mikuriya Interview","description":"Born December 8, 1934, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Born to a father from Japan and mother from the Austria-Hungary region. Grew up in Pennsylvania during World War II, where family was monitored by the FBI. Attended Pembroke College and then worked for the federal government's Department of Education, then as an administrator in the education field. Volunteered with Servas, an organization that promotes international peace and understanding through travel.","extent":"3:02:20","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-504","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":996,"namepart":"Mary Jane Mikuriya"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Virginia Yamada"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Emeryville, California","creation":"6-Apr-22","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mary Jane Mikuriya narrator \nVirginia Yamada interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-504-1-mezzanine-7f3c68f6b4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-301","model":"entity","index":"5 105/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-301/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-301/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-nmark-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-nmark-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Mark M. Nakagawa Interview II","description":"Sansei male. Born February 16, 1955, in Los Angeles, California. Graduated from UCLA and the Pacific School of Religion in Berkeley. Served as pastor in Sacramento and West Los Angeles before being appointed Senior Minister at the Centenary United Methodist Church in Los Angeles in 2000.","extent":"01:52:31","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-301","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":504,"namepart":"Mark M. Nakagawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Jim Gatewood"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"September 1, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mark M. Nakagawa narrator \nJim Gatewood interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-nmark-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-520","model":"entity","index":"6 106/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-520/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-520/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-520-1-mezzanine-77c91b4c3d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-520-1-mezzanine-77c91b4c3d-a.jpg"},"title":"Stanley N. Shikuma Interview II","description":"Sansei male. Born December 2, 1953, in Brogan, Oregon. Grew up primarily in the Watsonville, California, area, where parents ran a farm. Exposed at an early age to activism and organized labor. Attended Stanford University and then moved to Seattle, Washington, and earned a nursing credential. Has joined and led several prominent Seattle-area taiko (Japanese drum) ensembles. Became involved in numerous Japanese American community and activist groups such as the Japanese American Citizens League, Tule Lake Committee, and Tsuru for Solidarity.","extent":"1:40:42","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-520","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":1009,"namepart":"Stanley N. Shikuma"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Barbara Yasui"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"25-Oct-22","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Stanley N. Shikuma narrator \nBarbara Yasui interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-520-1-mezzanine-77c91b4c3d-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-147","model":"entity","index":"7 107/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-147/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-147/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mhelen-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-mhelen-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Helen Amerman Manning Interview","description":"White female. Born March 23, 1916, in Bloomfield, New Jersey. Attended Michigan State College, then Stanford University for graduate courses, before becoming a high school teacher at the Minidoka concentration camp. After World War II, worked for various organizations in the field of race relations, including the San Francisco Council for Civic Unity, and the Oakland Redevelopment Agency.","extent":"01:54:50","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-147","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":146,"namepart":"Helen Amerman Manning"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"SeaTac, Washington","creation":"August 2, 2003","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Helen Amerman Manning narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-mhelen-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-288","model":"entity","index":"8 108/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-288/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-288/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-nmark-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-nmark-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Mark M. Nakagawa Interview I","description":"Sansei male. Born February 16, 1955, in Los Angeles, California. Graduated from UCLA and the Pacific School of Religion in Berkeley. Served as pastor in Sacramento and West Los Angeles before being appointed Senior Minister at the Centenary United Methodist Church in Los Angeles in 2000.","extent":"01:43:59","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-288","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":504,"namepart":"Mark M. Nakagawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Jim Gatewood"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"July 28, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mark M. Nakagawa narrator \nJim Gatewood interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-nmark-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-506-110","model":"entity","index":"9 109/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-506-110/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-506-110/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-506/ddr-densho-506-110-mezzanine-3b13f86f53-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-506/ddr-densho-506-110-mezzanine-3b13f86f53-a.jpg"},"title":"Photo of five Densho staff with floral arrangment","description":"A Densho staff photo at an unspecified event.","extent":"5.93W x 4H","links_children":"ddr-densho-506-110","topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- Community and social service associations","id":"21"}],"format":"img","persons":[{"namepart":"Fukuda, Becky"},{"namepart":"Ito, Alice"},{"namepart":"Hoshide, Dana"},{"namepart":"Ikeda, Thomas"},{"namepart":"Kimura, Erin"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","creation":"c. 1996-2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fukuda, Becky \nIto, Alice \nHoshide, Dana \nIkeda, Thomas \nKimura, Erin","download_large":"ddr-densho-506-110-mezzanine-3b13f86f53-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-506-123","model":"entity","index":"10 110/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-506-123/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-506-123/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-506/ddr-densho-506-123-mezzanine-fa5e10fca8-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-506/ddr-densho-506-123-mezzanine-fa5e10fca8-a.jpg"},"title":"Staff giving Tom Ikeda a gift basket at Densho Opening Gala","description":"Staff giving Tom Ikeda a gift basket while Becky Fukuda is at the podium at the Densho Opening Gala.","extent":"5.87W x 3.93H","links_children":"ddr-densho-506-123","topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- Community and social service associations","id":"21"},{"term":"Community activities -- Conventions and conferences","id":"299"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Hoshide, Dana"},{"namepart":"Fukuda, Becky"},{"namepart":"Ikeda, Thomas"},{"namepart":"Kimura, Erin"},{"namepart":"Richard, Midori"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"photograph","creation":"November 22, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hoshide, Dana \nFukuda, Becky \nIkeda, Thomas \nKimura, Erin \nRichard, Midori","download_large":"ddr-densho-506-123-mezzanine-fa5e10fca8-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-550","model":"entity","index":"11 111/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-550/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-550/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-550-1-mezzanine-1c01e0f19e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-550-1-mezzanine-1c01e0f19e-a.jpg"},"title":"Patricia Kiwa Koyamatsu Interview","description":"Sansei female. Born in 1933 in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Seattle where father ran a tailor shop. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed with family to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, resettled in Denver, Colorado, for several years before moving to Los Angeles. Returned to Seattle, raised a family, and became a teacher.","extent":"2:30:55","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-550","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":1086,"namepart":"Patricia Kiwa Koyamatsu"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Virginia Yamada"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 9, 2025","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Patricia Kiwa Koyamatsu narrator \nVirginia Yamada interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-550-1-mezzanine-1c01e0f19e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-536","model":"entity","index":"12 112/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-536/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-536/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-536-1-mezzanine-09baa6a05c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-536-1-mezzanine-09baa6a05c-a.jpg"},"title":"John A. (Jack) Svahn Interview","description":"Caucasian male. Born May 13, 1943, in New London, Connecticut. Moved frequently as an adolescent since father was in the U.S. Navy. Attended high school in Honolulu, Hawaii, then college at the University of Washington. Served in the U.S. Air Force, then attended the University of the Pacific McGeorge Law School and Georgetown University School of Law. In 1973, became Director of the California Department of Social Welfare, and subsequently held several positions in the federal government. In 1981, was appointed Commissioner of Social Security, and in 1983 was recruited to be the Assistant to the President for Policy Development under President Ronald Reagan. Was instrumental in helping to influence Reagan to sign the Civil Liberties Act of 1988.","extent":"1:42:49","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-536","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":1051,"namepart":"John A. (Jack) Svahn"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Reno, Nevada","creation":"May 24, 2023","status":"completed","search_hidden":"John A. (Jack) Svahn narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1000-536-1-mezzanine-09baa6a05c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-243","model":"entity","index":"13 113/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-243/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-243/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-omuriel-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-omuriel-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Muriel Chiyo Tanaka Onishi Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born March 6, 1921, in Hilo, Hawaii. Grew up in Hilo, where parents were Japanese language school teachers. In 1939, moved to Japan to obtain medical treatment, and attended school there. During World War II, was conscripted into the Japanese military and worked as an interpreter, translating U.S. radio transmissions for General Headquarters in Tokyo. Returned to Hawaii in 1947.","extent":"01:39:37","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-243","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":390,"namepart":"Muriel Chiyo Tanaka Onishi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"June 2, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Muriel Chiyo Tanaka Onishi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-omuriel-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-19","model":"entity","index":"14 114/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-19/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-19/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview III","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"01:21:56","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-19","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 5, 1999","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-20","model":"entity","index":"15 115/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-20/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-20/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-04-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-04-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview IV","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"01:49:44","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-20","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Supreme Court cases -- Gordon Hirabayashi","id":"97"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"February 17, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-04-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-115","model":"entity","index":"16 116/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-115/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-115/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-05-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-hgordon-05-a.jpg"},"title":"Gordon Hirabayashi Interview V","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1918, in Seattle, Washington. Spent most of his childhood in Thomas, Washington, where his parents were part of a Christian farming co-op. Attended the University of Washington where he was active in the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), the conscientious objector movement, and became a Quaker. At the outbreak of World War II, he was one of only a handful of individuals to challenge the curfew and removal orders being enforced against Japanese on the West Coast, citing \"Christian principles,\" and asserting \"a duty to maintain the democratic standards for which this nation lives.\" He turned himself in to the FBI, was found guilty, and served time for violating the curfew order, and failing to report for \"evacuation.\" While serving time for this conviction, Gordon was served with a draft notice and again, refused to comply. He subsequently served another period of time as a draft resister. In 1983, a team of attorneys filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in Seattle. Gordon's convictions surrounding the incarceration were vacated by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 24, 1987, which argued in part that, \"racial bias was the cornerstone of the internment orders.\"","extent":"01:55:10","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-115","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":19,"namepart":"Gordon Hirabayashi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"May 4, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Gordon Hirabayashi narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-hgordon-05-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1013-9","model":"entity","index":"17 117/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1013-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1013-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1013/denshovh-ychiyoko_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1013/denshovh-ychiyoko_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Chiyoko Yano Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born February 27, 1918, in Oakland, California. Grew up in Oakland before being removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, and the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. In Topaz, worked for the War Relocation Authority in the Central Statistics Division. Husband served in the OSS, the Office of Strategic Services. Lived in Japan during the U.S. occupation before eventually returning to Berkeley. Worked for UC Berkeley's International House.","extent":"02:05:46","links_children":"ddr-densho-1013-9","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":337,"namepart":"Chiyoko Yano"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Megan Asaka"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zt70","namepart":"Yano, Chiyoko"}],"contributor":"Topaz Museum Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Berkeley, California","creation":"August 1, 2008","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Chiyoko Yano narrator \nMegan Asaka interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Yano, Chiyoko 88922nr015zt70","download_large":"denshovh-ychiyoko_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1015-8","model":"entity","index":"18 118/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1015-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1015-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1015/denshovh-kshoichi-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1015/denshovh-kshoichi-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Shoichi Kobara Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born April 23, 1922, in Watsonville, California. Grew up in Watsonville until age six, then family moved to Salinas. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to Salinas Assembly Center, California, and the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, lived and worked in Utah for a time before serving in Japan in the U.S. Military Intelligence Service. Returned to Watsonville and established a farming operation.","extent":"02:04:32","links_children":"ddr-densho-1015-8","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":356,"namepart":"Shoichi Kobara"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr013vb6x","namepart":"Kobara, Shoichi"}],"contributor":"Watsonville - Santa Cruz JACL Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Watsonville, California","creation":"November 18, 2008","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Shoichi Kobara narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Kobara, Shoichi 88922nr013vb6x","download_large":"denshovh-kshoichi-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1015-7","model":"entity","index":"19 119/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1015-7/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1015-7/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1015/denshovh-hmas-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1015/denshovh-hmas-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Mas Hashimoto Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born September 15, 1935, in Watsonville, California. Grew up in Watsonville before being removed to the Salinas Assembly Center, California, and the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Following World War II, returned with family to Watsonville and finished school. Became a teacher of U.S. History at Watsonville High School.","extent":"02:35:24","links_children":"ddr-densho-1015-7","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":334,"namepart":"Mas Hashimoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zt6h","namepart":"Hashimoto, Masaru"}],"contributor":"Watsonville - Santa Cruz JACL Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Watsonville, California","creation":"July 30, 2008","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mas Hashimoto narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Hashimoto, Masaru 88922nr015zt6h","download_large":"denshovh-hmas-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1015-2","model":"entity","index":"20 120/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1015-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1015-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1015/denshovh-sjiro-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1015/denshovh-sjiro-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Jiro Sugidono Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born October 25, 1923, in Watsonville, California. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Salinas Assembly Center, California, and the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Volunteered for the military out of Poston, and joined the 442nd Regimental Combat Team in Europe as a replacement troop. Following military service, returned to Watsonville.","extent":"02:19:26","links_children":"ddr-densho-1015-2","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":328,"namepart":"Jiro Sugidono"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr011nm7z","namepart":"Sugidono, Jiro"}],"contributor":"Watsonville - Santa Cruz JACL Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Watsonville, California","creation":"July 28, 2008","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Jiro Sugidono narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Sugidono, Jiro 88922nr011nm7z","download_large":"denshovh-sjiro-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1015-3","model":"entity","index":"21 121/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1015-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1015-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1015/denshovh-ikitako-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1015/denshovh-ikitako-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Kitako Izumizaki Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born November 21, 1921, in Watsonville, California. Grew up in Watsonville, where family operated a truck farm. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Salinas Assembly Center, California, and the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Lived for a time in Texas while husband served in the military before eventually returning to Watsonville.","extent":"01:18:50","links_children":"ddr-densho-1015-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":329,"namepart":"Kitako Izumizaki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Megan Asaka"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zt4j","namepart":"Izumizaki, Kitako"}],"contributor":"Watsonville - Santa Cruz JACL Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Watsonville, California","creation":"July 28, 2008","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kitako Izumizaki narrator \nMegan Asaka interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Izumizaki, Kitako 88922nr015zt4j","download_large":"denshovh-ikitako-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1014-6","model":"entity","index":"22 122/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1014-6/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1014-6/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1014/denshovh-myoshimi-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1014/denshovh-myoshimi-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Yoshimi Matsuura Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born May 3, 1918, in Fowler, California. Grew up in Fowler, eventually running family's farm prior to World War II. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, married and was removed to the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. Left camp for Minneapolis, Minnesota, to join the National Youth Administration (NYA) for training. Upon arrival, was informed that the Japanese Americans' enrollment in the program had been terminated. Drafted into military service and served with the Military Intelligence Service in the Philippines and Japan. Returned and settled permanently in Minneapolis.","extent":"02:34:28","links_children":"ddr-densho-1014-6","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":400,"namepart":"Yoshimi Matsuura"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0058131","namepart":"Matsuura, Yoshimi"}],"contributor":"Twin Cities JACL Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Bloomington, Minnesota","creation":"June 17, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yoshimi Matsuura narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Matsuura, Yoshimi 88922nr0058131","download_large":"denshovh-myoshimi-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-jamsj-2-11","model":"entity","index":"23 123/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-jamsj-2-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-jamsj-2-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-jamsj-2/denshovh-ygeorge_4-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-jamsj-2/denshovh-ygeorge_4-01-a.jpg"},"title":"George Yano Interview","description":"Sansei male. Born July 6, 1942, in Fort Lupton, Colorado. Compiled an extensive family history detailing parents' participation in a \"voluntary evacuation\" from Milpitas, California, to Fort Lupton, Colorado, in 1942, to avoid incarceration.","extent":"01:40:33","links_children":"ddr-jamsj-2-11","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":524,"namepart":"George Yano"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Steve Fugita"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of San Jose Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Jose, California","creation":"December 1, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"George Yano narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nSteve Fugita interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ygeorge_4-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-jamsj-2-8","model":"entity","index":"24 124/{'value': 8937, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-jamsj-2-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-jamsj-2-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-jamsj-2/denshovh-krichard_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-jamsj-2/denshovh-krichard_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Richard Konda Interview","description":"Sansei male. Born February 27, 1951, in San Francisco, California. Grew up in San Francisco and attended UC Berkeley. Went to law school at Santa Clara and became involved in Asian law student groups and the Asian Law Alliance. Continued community work after law school and was involved in founding the Nihonmachi Outreach Committee in San Jose.","extent":"01:43:34","links_children":"ddr-jamsj-2-8","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":520,"namepart":"Richard Konda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Izu"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of San Jose Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Jose, California","creation":"November 30, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Richard Konda narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nTom Izu interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-krichard_2-01-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Dana Hoshide","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}