This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:06:47","links_children":"ddr-one-7-54-8","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":761,"namepart":"Yoji J. Matsushima"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Valerie Otani"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Ian McCluskey"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Portland, Oregon","facility":[{"term":"Crystal City","id":"29"}],"creation":"November 15, 2013","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yoji J. Matsushima narrator \nValerie Otani interviewer \nIan McCluskey videographer","download_large":"denshovh-myoji-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-7-56-9","model":"segment","index":"5 30/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-7-56-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-7-56-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-oetsuko-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-oetsuko-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Etsuko Ichikawa Osaki Interview Segment 9","description":"Reuniting with father at Crystal City internment camp, Texas
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.","extent":"00:04:56","links_children":"ddr-one-7-56-9","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":763,"namepart":"Etsuko Ichikawa Osaki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Valerie Otani"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Ian McCluskey"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Portland, Oregon","facility":[{"term":"Crystal City","id":"29"}],"creation":"December 17, 2013","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Etsuko Ichikawa Osaki narrator \nValerie Otani interviewer \nIan McCluskey videographer","download_large":"denshovh-oetsuko-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-27-7","model":"entity","index":"6 31/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-27-7/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-27-7/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-27/ddr-csujad-27-7-mezzanine-8474f7b334-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-27/ddr-csujad-27-7-mezzanine-8474f7b334-a.jpg"},"title":"Indonesians boarding a train in San Francisco for the immigration detention facility at Crystal City, Texas","description":"Caption found with the image reads, \"Here are the Indonesians boarding the Southern Pacific train, San Francisco, bound for Crystal City, Texas.\" This image shows a line of men with suitcases waiting to get on the train. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ind_01_01_009","extent":"black and white, 7.5 x 10 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-27-7","topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Francisco","id":"273"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Expatriation/repatriation/deportation","id":"107"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"1947","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-27-7-mezzanine-8474f7b334-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-396","model":"entity","index":"7 32/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-396/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-396/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ymaurice-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ymaurice-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Maurice H. Yamasato Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born June 2, 1942, in Lima, Peru. Parents had originally immigrated to Peru from Okinawa, Japan. During World War II, removed with family to Crystal City internment camp, Texas. After leaving Crystal City, moved to Kauai, Hawaii. Established a successful career as an architect.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:07:42","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-396","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":645,"namepart":"Maurice H. Yamasato"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Kelli Nakamura"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Mathew Medeiros"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"February 20, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Maurice H. Yamasato narrator \nKelli Nakamura interviewer \nMathew Medeiros videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ymaurice-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-145-604","model":"entity","index":"8 33/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-145-604/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-145-604/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-145/ddr-densho-145-604-mezzanine-7ef17fa6d6-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-145/ddr-densho-145-604-mezzanine-7ef17fa6d6-a.jpg"},"title":"Poston Chronicle Vol. XXII No. 6 (January 17, 1945)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Discharged Poston Vet Accepted as Hollywood Legion Post Member\" (p. 1), \"Block 12 Mess Hall to Close. Will Combine with Block 5 February 1\" (p. 1), \"Ten Families Scheduled to Leave Next Monday for Crystal City, Texas\" (p. 1), \"Do You Know Someone Who Has Lost Baggage?\" (p. 2), \"Issei Urged to Resettle in New York Area\" (p. 3).","extent":"1180W x 1968H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-145-604","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Poston Chronicle","id":"212"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Poston (Colorado River) concentration camp, Arizona","facility":[{"term":"Poston (Colorado River)","id":"2"}],"creation":"January 17, 1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-145-604-mezzanine-7ef17fa6d6-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-manz-1-165","model":"entity","index":"9 34/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-165/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-manz-1-165/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-manz-1/denshovh-smaria-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-manz-1/denshovh-smaria-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Maria Sato Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born November 19, 1930, in Trujillo, Peru, where father ran a construction company. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested by the FBI and taken to the United States. The family joined him in Crystal City, Texas, then went to Japan after the war. Maria lived and worked in Japan until the 1950s, then moved to the United States.","extent":"01:42:30","links_children":"ddr-manz-1-165","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":849,"namepart":"Maria Sato"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Kristen Luetkemeier"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Manzanar National Historic Site Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Portland, Oregon","creation":"July 11, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Maria Sato narrator \nKristen Luetkemeier interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-smaria-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"838","model":"narrator","index":"10 35/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/838/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/838/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/shana.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/shana.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/838/interviews/"},"display_name":"Hana Shepard","bio":"Nisei female. Grew up in Los Angeles, California, before World War II. During the war, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado. Transferred to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, so family could be reunited with father. Had several brothers who served in the U.S. military during World War II."},{"id":"839","model":"narrator","index":"11 36/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/839/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/839/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mmae.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mmae.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/839/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mae Matsuzaki","bio":"Nisei female. Grew up in Los Angeles, California, before World War II. During the war, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado. Transferred to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, so family could be reunited with father. Had several brothers who served in the U.S. military during World War II."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-1396","model":"entity","index":"12 37/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1396/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-1396/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1396-mezzanine-b69d0dca37-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1396-mezzanine-b69d0dca37-a.jpg"},"title":"Report on the present health conditions and medical provisions of the German group at camp Crystal City, Texas","description":"Report on health conditions, diseases, and medical provisions for German internees at the Crystal City Department of Justice Internment Camp. From Mary F. Clark scrapbook, \"Before I Forget, 1942-1947,\" page 60. See also sac_jaac_1334 through sac_jaac_1529. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1398","extent":"2 pages; 10.5 x 8 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-1396","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Clark, Mary Frances"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Department of Justice camps","id":"82"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Medical care and health issues","id":"70"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Crystal City, Texas","facility":[{"term":"Crystal City","id":"29"}],"creation":"circa 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Clark, Mary Frances author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-1396-mezzanine-b69d0dca37-a.jpg"},{"id":"111","model":"narrator","index":"13 38/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/111/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/111/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/iyasashi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/iyasashi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/111/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yasashi Ichikawa","bio":"Issei female. Born 1907 in Shimonoseki, Japan. Attended school in Japan, and was encouraged by father to study English. Married a Buddhist minister and immigrated to the United States. Lived in Fresno, California, then returned to Japan for two years. Moved to Seattle, Washington, where husband was a minister at the Seattle Buddhist Temple. During World War II, husband was arrested and imprisoned in the Crystal City Department of Justice Camp, Texas. Mrs. Ichikawa, with her seven children, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, then to Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Joined husband in Crystal City before returning to run the Seattle Buddhist Temple."},{"id":"849","model":"narrator","index":"14 39/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/849/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/849/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/smaria.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/smaria.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/849/interviews/"},"display_name":"Maria Sato","bio":"Nisei female. Born November 19, 1930, in Trujillo, Peru, where father ran a construction company. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested by the FBI and taken to the United States. The family joined him in Crystal City, Texas, then went to Japan after the war. Maria lived and worked in Japan until the 1950s, then moved to the United States."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-10-3","model":"entity","index":"15 40/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-10-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-10-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-10/ddr-csujad-10-3-mezzanine-99a100f6c3-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-10/ddr-csujad-10-3-mezzanine-99a100f6c3-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Yoshihiko Matsuura to Kiyoko Noda, April 30, 1949","description":"A letter from Yoshihiko Matsuura, an internee in the Crystal City Internment Camp, Texas, to his grandmother, Kiyoko Noda, in Lima, Peru. He includes updates on day to day life in the Crystal City camp, including the event on the Emperor's birthday [April 29] and a play performed in the camp. He details the Boy Scouts of America's activities in which he participates on the Emperor's birthday, playing musical instruments in the musical band and marching in the camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: cry_01_01_003","extent":"1 sheet, 8 x 14.75 inches, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-10-3","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Matsuura, Yoshihiko"}],"topics":[{"term":"Community activities -- Associations and organizations -- Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts of America","id":"23"},{"term":"Japanese Latin Americans","id":"166"},{"term":"Japanese Latin Americans -- Deportation and internment during World War II","id":"384"},{"term":"World War II -- Department of Justice camps","id":"82"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Crystal City, Texas","facility":[{"term":"Crystal City","id":"29"}],"creation":"4/30/1949","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Matsuura, Yoshihiko author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-10-3-mezzanine-99a100f6c3-a.jpg"},{"id":"485","model":"narrator","index":"16 41/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/485/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/485/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kkay.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kkay.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/485/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kay Uno Kaneko","bio":"Nisei female. Born October 7, 1932, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Los Angeles, age nine when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor in 1941. During World War II, removed with family to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado. Transferred to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, so family could be reunited with father. After the war, returned to Los Angeles."},{"id":"643","model":"narrator","index":"17 42/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/643/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/643/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tminoru_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tminoru_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/643/interviews/"},"display_name":"Minoru Tajii","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 23, 1924, in Brawley, California. Grew up in El Centro, California, where parents ran a farm. During World War II, was removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Family signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and transferred to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, then to Japan. Lived and worked in Japan until 1950 before returning to the United States."},{"id":"321","model":"narrator","index":"18 43/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/321/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/321/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ayae.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ayae.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/321/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yae Aihara","bio":"Nisei female. Born August 18, 1925 in Tacoma, Washington. Raised in Seattle, Washington, where family operated a grocery store. Attended Washington Grammar School and Garfield High School in Seattle. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested by the FBI and sent to Missoula internment camp, Montana. Family was removed to Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. In 1943, father decided to repatriate to Japan. The family was transported to Ellis Island detention station to reunite with father and board a repatriation ship, the SS Gripsholm. Transferred to Crystal City internment camp, Texas, after being denied entry on SS Gripsholm. Remained in Crystal City for duration of the war. Resettled to Boyle Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles in 1946."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-27-6","model":"entity","index":"19 44/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-27-6/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-27-6/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-27/ddr-csujad-27-6-mezzanine-05fbb4e43b-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-27/ddr-csujad-27-6-mezzanine-05fbb4e43b-a.jpg"},"title":"Indonesians leaving buses at the Southern Pacific depot in San Francisco, to board a train to take them to the immigration detention facility at Crystal City, Texas","description":"Caption found with the image reads, \"Showing Indonesians leaving buses, at Southern Pacific depot, San Francisco, to board railroad coaches waiting for them.\" This train was to take them to the immigration detention facility at Crystal City, Texas. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ind_01_01_008","extent":"black and white, 7.5 x 10 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-27-6","topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Francisco","id":"273"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Expatriation/repatriation/deportation","id":"107"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"1947","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-27-6-mezzanine-05fbb4e43b-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-27-9","model":"entity","index":"20 45/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-27-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-27-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-27/ddr-csujad-27-9-mezzanine-cccb4b084c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-27/ddr-csujad-27-9-mezzanine-cccb4b084c-a.jpg"},"title":"Indonesians boarding buses in San Francisco to be taken to a waiting train","description":"Caption found with the image reads, \"Another view of Indonesians boarding buses at Immigration Station, San Francisco, to be taken to a waiting train.\" The train was to take them to the immigration detention facility at Crystal City, Texas. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ind_01_01_007","extent":"black and white, 7.5 x 10 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-27-9","topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- California -- San Francisco","id":"273"},{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Expatriation/repatriation/deportation","id":"107"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"1947","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-27-9-mezzanine-cccb4b084c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-1350","model":"entity","index":"21 46/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-1350/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-1350/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1350-mezzanine-73c08fe7c5-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-1350-mezzanine-73c08fe7c5-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from (sgd) Thomas Parran, Surgeon General, to Staff Nurse Mary F. Clark to Crystal City, Texas, December 8, 1942","description":"Scrapbook page containing correspondence from Thomas Parran to Mary Clark regarding travel and expenses for her reassignment from Fort Missoula, Montana to Crystal City, Texas. From the Mary F. Clark scrapbook, \"Before I Forget, 1942-1947,\" page 21. See also sac_jaac_1334 through sac_jaac_1529. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_1352","extent":"1 page; 10 x 8 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-1350","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Parran, Thomas, Jr., 1892-1968"},{"role":"compiler","namepart":"Clark, Mary Frances"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Department of Justice camps","id":"82"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Work and jobs","id":"76"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"District of Colombia","facility":[{"term":"Fort Missoula","id":"30"}],"creation":"12/8/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Parran, Thomas, Jr., 1892-1968 author \nClark, Mary Frances compiler","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-1350-mezzanine-73c08fe7c5-a.jpg"},{"id":"65","model":"narrator","index":"22 47/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/65/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/65/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nmako.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nmako.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/65/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mako Nakagawa","bio":"Nisei female. Born February 1, 1937, in Seattle, Washington. Spent prewar childhood in Seattle. Incarcerated at the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington; Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho; and Crystal City internment camp, Texas. In the postwar years, became a teacher, principal, and multicultural specialist for Washington State's Superintendent of the Office of Public Instruction. Developed and directed the Japanese American Cultural Heritage Program and the Rainbow Program, one of the first multiethnic educational programs in the country."},{"id":"117","model":"narrator","index":"23 48/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/117/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/117/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nbill.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nbill.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/117/interviews/"},"display_name":"Bill Nishimura","bio":"Nisei male, born June 21, 1920, in Compton, California. Raised on a farm in Lawndale, California. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, his father was picked up by FBI and detained at a Department of Justice (DOJ) internment camp in Lordsburg, New Mexico. His family voluntarily moved to Visalia, California, then was forcibly moved to Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Sent to Tule Lake concentration camp, California, as a result of answering \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questions.\" He renounced his U.S. citizenship in protest of the incarceration, and was transferred to the DOJ's Santa Fe internment camp, then to an Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) camp in Crystal City, Texas. After his release from Crystal City, he resettled in California. Mr. Nishimura regained his U.S. citizenship in 1953."},{"id":"ddr-pc-18-13","model":"entity","index":"24 49/{'value': 286, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-18-13/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-18-13/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-13-mezzanine-e00efe65a2-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-13-mezzanine-e00efe65a2-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 22 No. 13 (March 30, 1946)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Eleventh-Hour Releases Save 102 Persons from Internment In Crystal City Camp in Texas\" (p. 1), \"'Third Evacuation' Under Way For California Evacuees. Winona Project Residents Evicted as Others Face Loss Of Emergency Shelter\" (p. 1), \"Immigration Service Travel Restrictions on Nisei, Other Oriental Americans Protested\" (p. 3), \"Army Will Review Cases Of Nisei Barred from Draft\" (p. 3), \"Canada Deportation Program Will Be Suspended Pending Ruling from Privy Council\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-18-13","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"March 30, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-18-13-mezzanine-e00efe65a2-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Crystal City, Texas","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}