(This interview was conducted at the 1998 Americans of Japanese Ancestry Veterans National Convention, held in Honolulu, Hawaii.)","extent":"05:46:21","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-92","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":92,"namepart":"Rudy Tokiwa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Judy Niizawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery/Larry Hashima"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr011tw3j","namepart":"Tokiwa, Kazuo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"July 2 - 3, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Rudy Tokiwa narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nJudy Niizawa interviewer \nMatt Emery/Larry Hashima videographer Tokiwa, Kazuo 88922nr011tw3j","download_large":"denshovh-trudy-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"44","model":"narrator","index":"1 401/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/44/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/44/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kkenge.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kkenge.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/44/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kenge Kobayashi","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 25, 1926, in the Imperial Valley, California. Incarcerated at the Tulare Assembly Center, California, Gila River concentration camp, Arizona, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. In his interview, he discusses his memories of Tule Lake concentration camp after it became a segregation center, including the killing of a camp inmate rioting, implementation of martial law, and pressures to participate in pro-Japanese activities."},{"id":"1015","model":"narrator","index":"2 402/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1015/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1015/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-524_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-524_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1015/interviews/"},"display_name":"Amy Uyematsu","bio":"Sansei female. Born in 1947 in Pasadena, California. Parents were incarcerated at the Manzanar concentration camp, California, and Gila River concentration camp, Arizona, during World War II. Graduated from the University of California at Los Angeles with a mathematics degree. Taught math for more than thirty years in the Los Angeles Unified Schools. Began publishing poetry in the 1990s and is the author of six poetry anthologies."},{"id":"1056","model":"narrator","index":"3 403/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1056/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1056/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-3_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-3_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1056/interviews/"},"display_name":"Noboru Richard Horikawa","bio":"Nisei male. Born 1926 in San Francisco, California. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, moved with family to stay with relatives in Watsonville, California. During World War II, removed to the Salinas Assembly Center, California, then to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Left camp early to attend school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Drafted into the military and served with the Military Intelligence Service in Tokyo. "},{"id":"860","model":"narrator","index":"4 404/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/860/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/860/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yeiko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yeiko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/860/interviews/"},"display_name":"Eiko Yamaichi","bio":"Nisei female. Born October 25, 1924, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Snoqualmie, Washington, where father worked for the Weyerhaeuser company before the war. During World War II, removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Later transferred to the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas, and the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, worked in domestic service in California."},{"id":"1058","model":"narrator","index":"5 405/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1058/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1058/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-5_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-5_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1058/interviews/"},"display_name":"Ben Ohama","bio":"Nisei male. Born December 10, 1917, and grew up in Sanger, California. During World War II, incarcerated in the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Served in the Military Intelligence Service as an interpreter in Japan. After military service, moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and became involved with the Japanese American Citizens League."},{"id":"494","model":"narrator","index":"6 406/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/494/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/494/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/itoshiro.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/itoshiro.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/494/interviews/"},"display_name":"Toshiro Izumi","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 7, 1918, in Villa Park, California. Grew up on Terminal Island, California, where father was a fisherman. During World War II, removed to the Tulare Assembly Center, California, and the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, relocated to Detroit, Michigan, before being drafted into the Military Intelligence Service. Served in Japan as an interpreter during the war crimes trials. Eventually returned to California."},{"id":"850","model":"narrator","index":"7 407/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/850/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/850/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mmasako_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mmasako_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/850/interviews/"},"display_name":"Masako Murakami","bio":"Sansei female. Born March 27, 1934, in San Francisco, California. Parents were both Kibei from Seattle, Washington, and Bakersfield, California. Grew up in San Francisco, California, where father was in sales. During World War II, removed to the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. After father signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire,\" transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp, returned to San Francisco."},{"id":"164","model":"narrator","index":"8 408/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/164/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/164/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/wmichi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/wmichi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/164/interviews/"},"display_name":"Michi Weglyn","bio":"Nisei female, born November 29, 1926, in Stockton, California. Raised in Brentwood, California, before being incarcerated at Gila River, Arizona. Graduated from high school in the camp in 1944, and after being released, attended Mount Holyoke College. In the 1950s, worked as costume designer for the Perry Como Show television program. Researched and wrote the groundbreaking book Years of Infamy."},{"id":"357","model":"narrator","index":"9 409/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/357/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/357/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ofred_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ofred_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/357/interviews/"},"display_name":"Fred Oda","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 2, 1923, in Watsonville, California. Grew up in Watsonville, where parents operated a joint barbershop and bathhouse business. During World War II, removed to the Salinas Assembly Center, California, and the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, worked in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, before returning to Watsonville. Attended barber school in San Francisco, eventually joining father's barber business."},{"id":"568","model":"narrator","index":"10 410/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/568/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/568/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/wlloyd.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/wlloyd.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/568/interviews/"},"display_name":"Lloyd K. Wake","bio":"Nisei male. Born January 12, 1922, in Reedley, California. Grew up in Reedley, where parents ran a farm. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, was removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Left camp in 1943 to attend Asbury College in Wilmore, Kentucky, and entered the ministry. After the war, lived in San Francisco, California, and became involved in numerous progressive movements."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-272","model":"entity","index":"11 411/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-272/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-272/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-272-mezzanine-df92321370-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-272-mezzanine-df92321370-a.jpg"},"title":"Lucy Nishina and Emiko Sasaki","description":"Photographed are two young female children, Lucy Nishina and Emiko Sasaki, standing in front of a barrack, \"I. Sasaki, S-09-F,\" at the Jerome camp in Arkansas. The handwritten note on the back side reads: Jerome Relocation Center, Amy-36 1/2\" tall, 32 lbs, Lucy-37\" tall 31 lbs. The photo was sent from Sally Sakaye Sasaki at the Jerome camp to Mitzi Masukawa Naohara at the Poston camp in Arizona. A photo from: Mitzi Naohara photo album (csudh_nao_0200), page 15. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_02_15_008","extent":"black and white, 3 x 2 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-272","topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Sansei","id":"338"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Denson, Arkansas","facility":[{"term":"Jerome","id":"6"}],"creation":"1942-1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-272-mezzanine-df92321370-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-545","model":"entity","index":"12 412/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-545/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-545/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-545-mezzanine-4c3c168c3c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-545-mezzanine-4c3c168c3c-a.jpg"},"title":"Messages between Tomosuke Masukawa in the Poston in Arizona and Hidetaro Myoren in Hiroshima, Japan, October 29, 1942-September 2, 1943","description":"Messages exchanged between Tomosuke Masukawa at the Poston camp in Arizona and his father-in-law, Hidetaro Myoren, in Hiroshima, Japan. The original message informed Hidetaro of the safety of Tomosuke's family in the camp. The reply message informed of deaths of Hidetaro and Kazuko Myoren. The two messages were exchanged with the assistance of the Red Cross, including Société de la Croix-Rouge du Japon, Comité international de la Croix-Rouge, and American Red Cross. \"U.S. censorship examined by 212\" is also stamped. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_05_10_001","extent":"2 pages, 8.5 x 5.5 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-545","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Masukawa, Tomosuke"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Issei","id":"43"},{"term":"Japan -- During World War II","id":"164"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Parker, Arizona","facility":[{"term":"Poston (Colorado River)","id":"2"}],"creation":"1942-1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Masukawa, Tomosuke author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-545-mezzanine-4c3c168c3c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-268","model":"entity","index":"13 413/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-268/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-268/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-268-mezzanine-e51df00611-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-268-mezzanine-e51df00611-a.jpg"},"title":"Lucy and Emi","description":"Photographed are young female children, Lucy Nishina and Emiko Sasaki, incarcerated at the Jerome camp in Arkansas. They are dressed in kimono. The photo was sent from Sally Sakaye Sasaki at the Jerome camp to Mitzi Masukawa Naohara at the Poston camp in Arizona. The caption reads: Lucy and Emi. Title from caption. The handwritten note on the back side reads: Amy and Lucy, taken on Christmas day, Dec. 25, 194_. A photo from: Mitzi Naohara photo album (csudh_nao_0200), page 15. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_02_15_004","extent":"black and white, 2.25 x 3 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-268","topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Denson, Arkansas","facility":[{"term":"Jerome","id":"6"}],"creation":"1942-1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-268-mezzanine-e51df00611-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-163","model":"entity","index":"14 414/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-163/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-163/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-163-mezzanine-4f4c8ed815-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-163-mezzanine-4f4c8ed815-a.jpg"},"title":"Mitzi Naohara photo album","description":"A photo album compiled by Mitzi Masukawa Naohara. Contained are photographs mainly taken during the war, depicting lives at the Poston camp in Arizona, where the Masukasa family was incarcerated. Mitzi was a preschool teacher at the Poston camp, and photographs of the children incarcerated at the camp are included. She also belonged to a young women's club, and photographs of Nisei social activities are collected. Included are also photographs of Mitzi's future husband, George Nobuo Naohara, and relatives incarcerated in the Jerome camp in Arkansas See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_02","extent":"1 volume (22 pages) accompanied by clippings, 12 x 10.5 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-163","creators":[{"role":"compiler","namepart":"Naohara, Mitzi, 1923-"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Sports","id":"72"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Social and recreational activities","id":"195"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Parker, Arizona; Los Angeles, California","facility":[{"term":"Poston (Colorado River)","id":"2"},{"term":"Jerome","id":"6"}],"status":"completed","search_hidden":"Naohara, Mitzi, 1923- compiler","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-163-mezzanine-4f4c8ed815-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-291","model":"entity","index":"15 415/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-291/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-291/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-291-mezzanine-1aae1f2189-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-291-mezzanine-1aae1f2189-a.jpg"},"title":"Lumbering","description":"Photographed are incarcerees cutting trees. The handwritten note on the back side describes the trees. Some of the trees have holes in which squirrels, snakes, raccoons stay during the winter. Once the animals are found, 20-30 people chase them to capture. The trees with holes are __ [In Japanese]. The photo was sent from Sally Sakaye Sasaki at the Jerome camp to Mitzi Masukawa Naohara at the Poston camp in Arizona. A photo from: Mitzi Naohara photo album (csudh_nao_0200), page 16. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_02_16_014","extent":"black and white, 2 x 2 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-291","format":"img","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Denson, Arkansas","facility":[{"term":"Jerome","id":"6"}],"creation":"1942-1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-291-mezzanine-1aae1f2189-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-55-143","model":"entity","index":"16 416/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-55-143/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-55-143/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-143-mezzanine-5735748fb9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-55/ddr-csujad-55-143-mezzanine-5735748fb9-a.jpg"},"title":"Desert echoes 1943","description":"Yearbook, \"Desert echoes\" 1943, created by the members of the 1st Junior Christian Church at the Poston incarceration camp, Poston Arizona. Includes essays by church leaders, history of vacation bible school and the first Junior Church, parish and inter-parish activities, biographical information on pastors, list of officers, essay competition, parish organizations and activities, \"Ideal Girl\" and \"Ideal Boy,\" ratings, \"When the Time Finally Comes,\" membership directory, acknowledgements, and autograph section. Includes illustrations and hand written notes addressed to Taeko Ono. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: sac_jaac_0145","extent":"70 pages; 8.5 x 7 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-55-143","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"First Christian Junior Church"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Religion","id":"75"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Christianity","id":"396"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Special Collections and University Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Parker, Arizona","facility":[{"term":"Poston (Colorado River)","id":"2"}],"creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"First Christian Junior Church author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-55-143-mezzanine-5735748fb9-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1003-7","model":"entity","index":"17 417/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1003-7/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1003-7/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1003/denshovh-ytakenori-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1003/denshovh-ytakenori-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Takenori Yamamoto Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born February 21, 1938, in Los Angeles, California. Age three when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, and was removed with family to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, returned to Los Angeles. After World War II, served in the U.S. Air Force, and later became involved in numerous Japanese American community organizations, including forming Asian Pacific Lesbians and Gays.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:45:59","links_children":"ddr-densho-1003-7","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":631,"namepart":"Takenori Yamamoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Martha Nakagawa"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tani Ikeda"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0120w1v","namepart":"Yamamoto, Takenori"}],"contributor":"Friends of Manzanar Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"January 11, 2012","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Takenori Yamamoto narrator \nMartha Nakagawa interviewer \nTani Ikeda videographer Yamamoto, Takenori 88922nr0120w1v","download_large":"denshovh-ytakenori-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"439","model":"narrator","index":"18 418/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/439/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/439/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/smisako.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/smisako.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/439/interviews/"},"display_name":"Misako Shigekawa","bio":"Nisei female. Born January 2, 1909, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in California, attending the University of Southern California before World War II and graduating with a degree in pharmacy. Married and was living in Terminal Island, California, when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. After being removed from Terminal Island, moved to Anaheim, California, before being removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Had several children in camp. Eventually returned to California."},{"id":"632","model":"narrator","index":"19 419/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/632/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/632/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nyosh_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nyosh_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/632/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yosh Nakamura","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 30, 1925, in Rosemead, California. Grew up in the Rosemead area. During World War II, removed to the Tulare Assembly Center, California, and the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. Left camp and lived in Des Moines, Iowa, for a time before being drafted into the military. Served in Europe with the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. After the war, returned to California and became a teacher and artist."},{"id":"474","model":"narrator","index":"20 420/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/474/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/474/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nshoso.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nshoso.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/474/interviews/"},"display_name":"Shoso \"Sho\" Nomura","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 1, 1918, in Southern California. During World War II, removed to the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona. Joined the Military Intelligence Service and served with the Dixie Mission, a U.S. Army Observation Group, a U.S. effort to establish official relations with the Communist Party of China and the People's Liberation Army."},{"id":"590","model":"narrator","index":"21 421/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/590/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/590/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/wrobert.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/wrobert.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/590/interviews/"},"display_name":"Robert M. Wada","bio":"Nisei male. Born July 12, 1930, in Redlands, California. Spend childhood in Redlands before Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. During World War II, removed with family to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, returned to Redlands and continued school. Served with the U.S. Marine Corps during the Korean War."},{"id":"643","model":"narrator","index":"22 422/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/643/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/643/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tminoru_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tminoru_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/643/interviews/"},"display_name":"Minoru Tajii","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 23, 1924, in Brawley, California. Grew up in El Centro, California, where parents ran a farm. During World War II, was removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Family signed \"no-no\" on the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire\" and transferred to the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, then to Japan. Lived and worked in Japan until 1950 before returning to the United States."},{"id":"412","model":"narrator","index":"23 423/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/412/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/412/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kfrances.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kfrances.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/412/interviews/"},"display_name":"Frances Midori Tashiro Kaji","bio":"Nisei female. Born April 30, 1928, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in the Boyle Heights neighborhood, where father was a prominent medical physician. During World War II, removed to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. Left camp with family to work on a sugar beet farm in Colorado, and eventually returned to Los Angeles, where father reestablished medical practice."},{"id":"1076","model":"narrator","index":"24 424/{'value': 480, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1076/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1076/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-25_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-phljacl-1-25_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1076/interviews/"},"display_name":"A. Hirotoshi Nishikawa","bio":"Sansei male. Born in April 23, 1938, in San Francisco, California. Spent first few years in San Francisco where parents were farming. During World War II, removed with family to the Salinas Assembly Center, California, and the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. After the war, returned to California and Hirotoshi attended school and eventually the University of California at Berkeley. Earned a PhD in biochemistry and worked in the pharmaceutical industry. Later became involved with the Japanese American Citizens League."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"California; Arizona;","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}