(Members of the National Japanese American Historical Society (NJAHS) arranged for and conducted this interview in conjunction with Densho.)","extent":"00:55:53","links_children":"ddr-densho-1008-2","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":51,"namepart":"George S. Matsui"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Marvin Uratsu"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zr0q","namepart":"Matsui, George Shigeo"}],"contributor":"National Japanese American Historical Society Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 11, 1997","status":"completed","search_hidden":"George S. Matsui narrator \nMarvin Uratsu interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Matsui, George Shigeo 88922nr015zr0q","download_large":"denshovh-mgeorge-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"419","model":"narrator","index":"2 227/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/419/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/419/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ykiyoshi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ykiyoshi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/419/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kiyoshi Seishin Yamashita","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 14, 1920, in Kent, Washington. Grew up in the nearby town of Auburn, where parents ran a farm. Family was involved Auburn Buddhist Church. Graduated from the University of Washington in 1942 and removed to the Pinedale Assembly Center and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Recruited out of Tule Lake to teach at the Naval Intelligence Language School in Boulder, Colorado. Worked in Japan as a linguist for the U.S. government during the U.S. occupation. While in Japan, became a Buddhist minister. Eventually returned to the United States and worked for the Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research."},{"id":"ddr-pc-15-36","model":"entity","index":"3 228/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-15-36/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-15-36/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-36-mezzanine-1ee8c0c4f4-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-15/ddr-pc-15-36-mezzanine-1ee8c0c4f4-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 17 No. 11 (September 18, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Majority of Evacuees Loyal, Says President. FDR Reports to Congress on Progress of Relocation Agency Plans to Segregate Disloyal. President Roosevelt's Letter to Senate Stresses Belief in Loyalty of \"Great Majority to Democratic Institutions of United States'\" (p. 1), \"Lieut. Gen. Emmons Succeeds General DeWitt as Commander of Western Defense Area\" (p. 1), \"Manzanar Riot Leaders Held in Leupp Camp. Were Interned For Time At Abandoned CCC Camp at Moab, Utah\" (p. 3), \"Rumor of Evacuees' Return Upsets Town in California\" (p. 3), \"Post War World Council Asks Compensation for Evacuees\" (p. 3), \"Four Hundred Nisei Find Jobs, Homes in Cleveland. Impress Fellow Workers, Employers With Record of Stability, Report\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-15-36","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"September 18, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-15-36-mezzanine-1ee8c0c4f4-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-14","model":"entity","index":"4 229/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-14/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-14/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-14-mezzanine-e233038c47-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-14-mezzanine-e233038c47-a.jpg"},"title":"Kibei Nisei at Camp Rupert, Idaho","description":"A photo of Goerge Nobuo Naohara's Kibei friend. It is presumably taken at Axel Johnson Ranch in Utah. The caption reads: After graduating from Meiji University, Tokyo Japan, I came back to the United States. Then, the outbreak of the war between Japan and the U.S.! After the incarceration at the Manzanar camp, I came to Idaho. But all that was waiting for me was such a hard work. [In Japanese]. A photo from \"George Naohara photo album\" (csudh_nao_0001), page 2. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_01_02_002","extent":"black and white, 3.5 x 2.5 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-14","topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Kibei","id":"45"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- Work leave","id":"103"},{"term":"Industry and employment -- Agriculture -- Farming","id":"345"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Utah","id":"506"}],"format":"img","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Utah","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-14-mezzanine-e233038c47-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-19-46","model":"entity","index":"5 230/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-19-46/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-19-46/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-19/ddr-csujad-19-46-mezzanine-68008b28ec-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-19/ddr-csujad-19-46-mezzanine-68008b28ec-a.jpg"},"title":"Proceedings and Debates of the 77th Congress, Second Session","description":"This document contains the proceedings and debates of the 77th Congress. Miss Rankins of Montana raises a few questions about some of the activities which led to the attack on Pearl Harbor. She also debates on whether any responsible American source foresaw the Japanese attack. She goes on to present some documents and statements which suggest that the attack on Pearl Harbor was a result of a few activities by the British empire to bring the United States into the war. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: WRA_02-06_01","extent":"6 pages, typescript, 8.5 x 11 in.","links_children":"ddr-csujad-19-46","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Events prior to Pearl Harbor","id":"49"},{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath","id":"48"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"California State University, Northridge. University Library. Special Collections & Archives","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Pearl Harbor;","creation":"12/8/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-19-46-mezzanine-68008b28ec-a.jpg"},{"id":"907","model":"narrator","index":"6 231/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/907/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/907/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-459_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-459_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/907/interviews/"},"display_name":"Barbara Reiko Mikami Keimi","bio":"Sansei female. Born December 4, 1935, in Sawtelle, California. Grew up in Huntington Beach, California, where father worked as a chauffeur. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was picked up by the FBI and taken to the Tuna Canyon Detention Station. He rejoined the family at the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the family was then sent to the Amache concentration camp, Colorado. Parents decided to go to Japan and were sent to Tule Lake, but eventually decided to remain in the United States. After leaving camp, returned to Los Angeles. Barbara was active in camp pilgrimages and reunions after the war, as well as volunteering for the Japanese American National Museum."},{"id":"75","model":"narrator","index":"7 232/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/75/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/75/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nfumiko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/nfumiko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/75/interviews/"},"display_name":"Fumiko M. Noji","bio":"Nisei female. Born October 13, 1909, in Bellingham, Washington. Lost her United States citizenship when she married an Issei through an arranged marriage. Before 1920, her husband's family established Columbia Greenhouse, one of the first Japanese American-owned greenhouse businesses. Incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Husband was held by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle before being interned in the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana. Briefly resettled with husband in Emmett, Idaho and Spokane, Washington before becoming one of the first families to return to Seattle where they resumed operation of the family greenhouse business."},{"id":"111","model":"narrator","index":"8 233/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/111/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/111/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/iyasashi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/iyasashi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/111/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yasashi Ichikawa","bio":"Issei female. Born 1907 in Shimonoseki, Japan. Attended school in Japan, and was encouraged by father to study English. Married a Buddhist minister and immigrated to the United States. Lived in Fresno, California, then returned to Japan for two years. Moved to Seattle, Washington, where husband was a minister at the Seattle Buddhist Temple. During World War II, husband was arrested and imprisoned in the Crystal City Department of Justice Camp, Texas. Mrs. Ichikawa, with her seven children, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, then to Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Joined husband in Crystal City before returning to run the Seattle Buddhist Temple."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-261","model":"entity","index":"9 234/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-261/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-261/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-sfrank-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-sfrank-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Frank Sumida Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born August 10, 1925, in Chicago, Illinois. Grew up primarily in Los Angeles, California, where parents ran a restaurant. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Santa Anita assembly Center, California, where he participating in running an organized gambling operation. Moved briefly to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming, before being sent to Tule Lake, California, after signing the so-called \"loyalty questionnaire.\" Transferred to the Santa Fe Department of Justice internment camp, New Mexico. Upon wishes of parents, renounced U.S. citizenship and expatriated to Japan. Worked for the military government during the U.S. occupation of Japan. Eventually regained U.S. citizenship and returned to the United States.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"04:22:36","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-261","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":415,"namepart":"Frank Sumida"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Barbara Takei"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0116q01","namepart":"Sumida, Frank Teruo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"September 23, 2009","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Frank Sumida narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nBarbara Takei interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Sumida, Frank Teruo 88922nr0116q01","download_large":"denshovh-sfrank-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"178","model":"narrator","index":"10 235/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/178/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/178/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/atom.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/atom.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/178/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tom Akashi","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 7, 1929, in Merced, California. Grew up in Mount Eden, California, and was removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Incarcerated at the Topaz concentration camp in Utah, then moved to Tule Lake concentration camp after family volunteered to move to Japan. While at Tule Lake, joined a pro-Japan organization created by father, the Sokoku Kenkyu Seinen Dan, (Young Men's Association for the Study of the Motherland). Renounced U.S. citizenship and expatriated to Japan with parents and siblings in 1945. Lived and worked in Japan until 1948, when returned to the United States. Author of Betrayed Trust: The Story of a Deported Issei and His American-Born Family During WWII, published in 2004."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-23-16","model":"entity","index":"11 236/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-23-16/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-23-16/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-16-mezzanine-6fd8da7b2a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-23/ddr-csujad-23-16-mezzanine-6fd8da7b2a-a.jpg"},"title":"Enmanji Temple","description":"Postcard depicting the Enmanji Temple. The structure was originally built for the Manchurian Railroad Company to be exhibited at the Chicago World Fair in 1932. When the building was brought to Sonoma County and rebuilt as the Buddhist Church, Chief Abbot Ohtani of Japan granted it the title of \"Temple,\" the only building in the United States with such a title. The name Enmanji stands for Sonoma Temple. The building is a Kamakura-type structure, which symbolizes a part of the epoch-making culture of the Kamakura period (1180-1333). See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: lp041-01-011-001","extent":"color","links_children":"ddr-csujad-23-16","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Hawthorne, Thomas"},{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Thomas Hawthorne Photographics"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- California","id":"271"},{"term":"Religion and churches -- Buddhism","id":"395"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Sonoma State University Library, Rohnert Park, California","rights":"nocc","genre":"postcard","location":"Sebastopol, California","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Hawthorne, Thomas photographer \nThomas Hawthorne Photographics publisher","download_large":"ddr-csujad-23-16-mezzanine-6fd8da7b2a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-38-18","model":"entity","index":"12 237/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-38-18/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-38-18/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-18-mezzanine-0bd69792ba-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-38/ddr-csujad-38-18-mezzanine-0bd69792ba-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese newspaper clipping","description":"A Japanese newspaper clipping about the outbreak of World War II. It reports that Japanese prime minister, Koiso, declared the war and encouraged the people to fight against Allies of World War II. The caption reads: I still do not know why General Tojo started the war on the U.S., attacking the Pearl Harbor. President Roosevelt' speech was broadcast by radio. I was informed that all Japanese Americans who were born in the United States need to be sent to incarceration camps. [In Japanese]. An item from \"George Naohara photo album\" (csudh_nao_0001), page 3. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: nao_01_03_001","extent":"7.5 x 8.5 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-38-18","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath","id":"48"},{"term":"World War II -- Mass removal (\"evacuation\")","id":"57"}],"format":"img","language":["jpn","eng"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","creation":"1941-1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-38-18-mezzanine-0bd69792ba-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-111","model":"entity","index":"13 238/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-111/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-111/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-iyasashi-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-iyasashi-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Yasashi Ichikawa Interview I","description":"Issei female. Born 1907 in Shimonoseki, Japan. Attended school in Japan, and was encouraged by father to study English. Married a Buddhist minister and immigrated to the United States. Lived in Fresno, California, then returned to Japan for two years. Moved to Seattle, Washington, where husband was a minister at the Seattle Buddhist Temple. During World War II, husband was arrested and imprisoned in the Crystal City Department of Justice Camp, Texas. Mrs. Ichikawa, with her seven children, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, then to Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Joined husband in Crystal City before returning to run the Seattle Buddhist Temple.
(This interview was conducted in Japanese. The transcript is a translation of the original interview.)","extent":"02:27:50","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-111","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":111,"namepart":"Yasashi Ichikawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tomoyo Yamada"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0160f5w","namepart":"Ichikawa, Yasashi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"October 16, 1999","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yasashi Ichikawa narrator \nTomoyo Yamada interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer Ichikawa, Yasashi 88922nr0160f5w","download_large":"denshovh-iyasashi-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-112","model":"entity","index":"14 239/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-112/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-112/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-iyasashi-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-iyasashi-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Yasashi Ichikawa Interview II","description":"Issei female. Born 1907 in Shimonoseki, Japan. Attended school in Japan, and was encouraged by father to study English. Married a Buddhist minister and immigrated to the United States. Lived in Fresno, California, then returned to Japan for two years. Moved to Seattle, Washington, where husband was a minister at the Seattle Buddhist Temple. During World War II, husband was arrested and imprisoned in the Crystal City Department of Justice Camp, Texas. Mrs. Ichikawa, with her seven children, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, then to Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Joined husband in Crystal City before returning to run the Seattle Buddhist Temple.
(This interview was conducted in Japanese. The transcript is a translation of the original interview.)","extent":"02:21:43","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-112","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":111,"namepart":"Yasashi Ichikawa"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tomoyo Yamada"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0160f5w","namepart":"Ichikawa, Yasashi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"November 20, 1999","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yasashi Ichikawa narrator \nTomoyo Yamada interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer Ichikawa, Yasashi 88922nr0160f5w","download_large":"denshovh-iyasashi-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-one-7-66","model":"entity","index":"15 240/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-7-66/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-7-66/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-syoshimitsu-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-7/denshovh-syoshimitsu-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Yoshimitsu Suyematsu Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born May 30, 1927, on Bainbridge Island, Washington. Grew up on Bainbridge, where parents ran a strawberry farm. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, then transferred to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, returned to Bainbridge for a time and then volunteered for the military, serving in Japan during the U.S. occupation. After returning to the United States, established a farm in Ontario, Oregon.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:46:06","links_children":"ddr-one-7-66","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":782,"namepart":"Yoshimitsu Suyematsu"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zt32","namepart":"Suyematsu, Yoshimitsu"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Ontario, Oregon","creation":"April 22, 2014","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yoshimitsu Suyematsu narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Suyematsu, Yoshimitsu 88922nr015zt32","download_large":"denshovh-syoshimitsu-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"56","model":"narrator","index":"16 241/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/56/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/56/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mtom.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mtom.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/56/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tom Matsuoka","bio":"Kibei male. Born August 1, 1903, in Sprecklesville, Maui, Hawaii. Taken to Japan in 1905 and raised by grandparents. Returned to the United States in 1919, joining father at Barneston sawmill in Washington. Married and farmed in Bellevue, Washington. Founded Bellevue Seinenkai and managed the Bellevue Vegetable Growers Association prior to World War II. Was picked up by the FBI on December 8, 1941, detained by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in Seattle, then interned at the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana. Was transferred to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and then to Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Was released to harvest sugar beets in Chinook, Montana, with his family as work crew. Established a farm in Chinook."},{"id":"149","model":"narrator","index":"17 242/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/149/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/149/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sart.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sart.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/149/interviews/"},"display_name":"Art Shibayama","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 6, 1930, in Callao, Peru. Grew up in Peru, raised by both parents and grandparents. During World War II, taken with parents to the United States on a U.S. troop transport ship. Lived in the Crystal City internment camp, Texas, until family moved to work at Seabrook, New Jersey, a produce work company camp. Drafted into the army in the 1950s, even though considered an illegal alien, and served in Germany. Raised a family in Chicago, Illinois, and San Jose, California after military discharge. In recent years, attended several pilgrimages to Tule Lake concentration camp, California, as well as reunions of Japanese Peruvians. Involved in the Campaign for Justice, an effort to obtain redress for Japanese Latin Americans."},{"id":"141","model":"narrator","index":"18 243/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/141/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/141/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/uharry.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/uharry.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/141/interviews/"},"display_name":"Harry Ueno","bio":"Nisei male. Born April 14, 1907, in Pauilo, Hawaii. Lived in Japan from 1915 to 1923, and settled on the mainland upon his return to the United States. Was married in 1930, and was removed along with family to Manzanar concentration camp, California, during World War II. While in Manzanar, organized the Mess Hall Workers Union. Accused of beating up a suspected government informant and was placed in jail, sparking the so-called \"Manzanar Riot.\" Was moved to various jails and the Citizen Isolation Centers Leupp, Arizona, and Moab, Utah, before being reunited with his family in Tule Lake Segregation Center. After release from camp, moved to the Santa Clara Valley, raised three children, and became a farmer."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1004-9","model":"entity","index":"19 244/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1004-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1004-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1004/denshovh-mroy-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1004/denshovh-mroy-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Roy Matsumoto Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born May 1, 1913, in Laguna, California. Lived in Japan from childhood through teenage years, before returning to the United States during high school. Incarcerated in the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Volunteered for the U.S. army in 1942, and was inducted in the Military Intelligence Service. Selected for a dangerous mission in Burma, becoming one of the famed Merrill's Marauders. Provided crucial intelligence information for the U.S. government after tapping into a Japanese army communications wire in Burma. Instrumental in a mission to hold Nhpum Ga hill in Burma, in which he shouted military orders in Japanese to confuse the attacking Japanese soldiers. Awarded the Legion of Merit from the U.S. military, and stationed in China and Japan after the war. Met future wife while working undercover in Japan. Inducted into the Ranger Hall of Fame in 1993.","extent":"01:59:59","links_children":"ddr-densho-1004-9","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":151,"namepart":"Roy H. Matsumoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"gayle k. yamada"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Peter Marshall"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs43","namepart":"Matsumoto, Roy Hiroshi"}],"contributor":"gayle k. yamada Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Washington, D.C.","creation":"November 8, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Roy H. Matsumoto narrator \ngayle k. yamada interviewer \nPeter Marshall videographer Matsumoto, Roy Hiroshi 88922nr015zs43","download_large":"denshovh-mroy-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"51","model":"narrator","index":"20 245/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/51/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/51/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mgeorge.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mgeorge.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/51/interviews/"},"display_name":"George S. Matsui","bio":"Nisei male. Born March 1, 1915, in Los Angeles, California. Spent prewar childhood in Long Beach, California, but attended grade school and junior high in Japan. Returned to the United States to attend high school. In 1941, was drafted into the U.S. Army and sent to Camp Roberts, San Luis Obispo, California for basic training. Was among the first Japanese American draftees. When World War II broke out, was summarily discharged from the army, reclassified to an enlisted reserve unit, and sent to Santa Anita Assembly Center and then incarcerated at Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Within two months of being incarcerated, was recalled for duty in the Military Intelligence Service. Received Bronze Star for securing the surrender of Japanese military and nonmilitary personnel on the island of Saipan. Served with MacArthur's General Headquarters in Japan."},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-21","model":"entity","index":"21 246/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-21/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-21/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-21-mezzanine-d8412e99aa-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-21-mezzanine-d8412e99aa-a.jpg"},"title":"School assignment","description":"Assignment by Midori Kunitomi (first name missing due to torn upper right corner, determined via class roster) for Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Kunitomi describes the United States as a melting pot of the world, where everyone has a equal chance and racial difference is not important. The first people came to America to live where they could do as they pleased and created a country where people have a say in their own future. However, racial prejudice on minorities exists, but this is not done by all. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9021. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0021","extent":"1 page, 10.5 x 8 inches, handwritten, damaged","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-21","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Kunitomi, Midori"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"},{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1943-02","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kunitomi, Midori author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-21-mezzanine-d8412e99aa-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-47-34","model":"entity","index":"22 247/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-47-34/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-47-34/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-47/ddr-csujad-47-34-mezzanine-bdd4fa1a47-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-47/ddr-csujad-47-34-mezzanine-bdd4fa1a47-a.jpg"},"title":"First of the 10,000 that were to follow","description":"Photograph from the highway in front of Manzanar incarceration camp. A caravan of cars and trucks is arriving at Manzanar. The lead car is about to make the turn into the camp from the highway. The road disapears into the Alabama Hills, with a line of cars stretching the entire distance. Along the right side of the road are several armed United States military police, behind them are a police car and jeep. Caption reads: First of the 10,000 that were to follow, March 23, 1942. Title from caption, which was taken from the original photo album. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_merritt_0061","extent":"black and white, 3.25 x 4.25 inches","links_children":"ddr-csujad-47-34","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Security","id":"535"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Nevada","id":"501"}],"format":"img","contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"photograph","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"3/23/1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-csujad-47-34-mezzanine-bdd4fa1a47-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1002-3","model":"entity","index":"23 248/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1002-3/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1002-3/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-bernest-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-bernest-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Ernest Besig Interview","description":"White male. Born in May 30, 1904, in Albany, New York. Founder and Executive Director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California from 1934 to 1971. Fought for civil rights throughout his career, and was involved in the General Strike in San Francisco, the McCarthy Era, and the Free Speech, civil rights, and anti-war movements. Represented Fred Korematsu in 1942 in his case against the United States government.
(This interview was conducted by sisters Emiko and Chizuko Omori for their 1999 documentary, Rabbit in the Moon, about the Japanese American resisters of conscience in the World War II incarceration camps. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"01:07:17","links_children":"ddr-densho-1002-3","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":138,"namepart":"Ernest Besig"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Chizu Omori"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emiko Omori"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Emiko Omori and Witt Mons"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Emiko and Chizuko Omori Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"October 1, 1992","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ernest Besig narrator \nChizu Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori and Witt Mons videographer","download_large":"denshovh-bernest-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-5-120","model":"entity","index":"24 249/{'value': 297, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-5-120/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-5-120/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-120-mezzanine-f9e3d48c58-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-120-mezzanine-f9e3d48c58-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Ayame Okine to Mr. and Mrs. Okine, January 15, 1946 [in Japanese]","description":"A letter from Ayame Okine in Chicago, Illinois, to her parents-in-law, Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine in Hawthorne, California. In the letter, Ayame describes her job in Chicago. She assists in making cameras and helps to light tobaccos. Her work starts at 8:00 AM and ends at 4:30 PM, including a 20-minute break two times. She earns 70 cents per hour. She also thanks her parents-in-law for their letters and financial support to her sister, who has bought a house. Ayame also writes about her husband, Masao Okine, in Japan and expects him to return to the United States in a half month. The handwritten notes on the back of the envelope read: Arrived on January 19, 1946 [in Japanese]. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: oki_01_48_001","extent":"2 pages, 8 x 10 inches, handwritten; 1 envelope","links_children":"ddr-csujad-5-120","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Okine, Ayame May"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Industry and employment","id":"5"},{"term":"World War II -- Leaving camp -- \"Resettlement\"","id":"104"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Chicago, Illinois","facility":[{"term":"Rohwer","id":"9"}],"creation":"1/15/1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Okine, Ayame May author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-5-120-mezzanine-f9e3d48c58-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"California,United States","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}