(Although Mr. Matsumoto does not identify himself as a Kibei (American-born person of Japanese ancestry sent to Japan for formal education and socialization when young and later returned to the U.S.), some of his life experiences are similar to those who do identify themselves as such.)","extent":"07:40:41","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-153","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":151,"namepart":"Roy H. Matsumoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs43","namepart":"Matsumoto, Roy Hiroshi"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"December 17 & 18, 2003","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Roy H. Matsumoto narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Matsumoto, Roy Hiroshi 88922nr015zs43","download_large":"denshovh-mroy-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1001-40","model":"entity","index":"2 1802/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1001-40/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1001-40/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-mroy_2-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1001/denshovh-mroy_2-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Roy Matsumoto Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born May 1, 1913, in Laguna, California. Lived in Japan from childhood through teenage years, before returning to the United States during high school. Incarcerated in the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas. Volunteered for the U.S. army in 1942, and was inducted in the Military Intelligence Service. Selected for a dangerous mission in Burma, becoming one of the famed Merrill's Marauders. Provided crucial intelligence information for the U.S. government after tapping into a Japanese army communications wire in Burma. Instrumental in a mission to hold Nhpum Ga hill in Burma, in which he shouted military orders in Japanese to confuse the attacking Japanese soldiers. Awarded the Legion of Merit from the U.S. military, and stationed in China and Japan after the war. Met future wife while working undercover in Japan. Inducted into the Ranger Hall of Fame in 1993.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"03:07:05","links_children":"ddr-densho-1001-40","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":151,"namepart":"Roy H. Matsumoto"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"John de Chadenedes"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs43","namepart":"Matsumoto, Roy Hiroshi"}],"contributor":"Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Bainbridge Island, Washington","creation":"September 6, 2008","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Roy H. Matsumoto narrator \nJohn de Chadenedes interviewer Matsumoto, Roy Hiroshi 88922nr015zs43","download_large":"denshovh-mroy_2-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-56-299","model":"entity","index":"3 1803/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-299/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-56-299/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-299-mezzanine-5fb093cc9c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-56/ddr-densho-56-299-mezzanine-5fb093cc9c-a.jpg"},"title":"Refused by Japan. Will Fight for U.S. Descendant of Old Family of Fighters. Seattle Nipponese is Certified for Service in Uncle Sam's National Army and Is Proud of It. (August 19, 1917)","description":"The Seattle Daily Times, August 19, 1917, p. 11","extent":"Unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-56-299","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Seattle Times Company"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Katsuki, Shigeo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"nocc","genre":"periodical","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"August 19, 1917","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Seattle Times Company publisher Katsuki, Shigeo","download_large":"ddr-densho-56-299-mezzanine-5fb093cc9c-a.jpg"},{"id":"46","model":"narrator","index":"4 1804/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/46/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/46/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kspady.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kspady.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/46/interviews/"},"display_name":"Spady Koyama","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 4, 1917, in Ferry County, Washington. Sent to Japan at age five following father's death, returning to Spokane, Washington, in 1927. Enlisted in the U.S. Army in January 1942. Served with the Military Intelligence Service (MIS) in the Pacific Ocean theater during World War II where he was seriously injured during a kamikaze dive bomb attack. Was recalled to active duty and subsequently served both in the Korean War and Vietnam War in military intelligence, directing the U.S. Army's counterintelligence in Vietnam. Retired from service in 1970 with the rank of colonel."},{"id":"50","model":"narrator","index":"5 1805/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/50/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/50/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mwilliam.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mwilliam.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/50/interviews/"},"display_name":"William Marutani","bio":"Nisei male. Born March 31, 1923, in Kent, Washington. During World War II, was incarcerated at the Pinedale Assembly Center, California, and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After leaving camp to attend college in South Dakota, was drafted into the U.S. Army and served with the Military Intelligence Service during the postwar occupation of Japan. After military service, became an attorney and then a judge. Served as the legal counsel for the Japanese American Citizens League from 1962 to 1970. Was the only Japanese American appointed to serve on the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) during the redress movement."},{"id":"207","model":"narrator","index":"6 1806/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/207/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/207/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mgeorge_2.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mgeorge_2.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/207/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Morihiro","bio":"Nisei male. Born September 19, 1924, in Tacoma, Washington, and spent childhood in Fife, Washington. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Drafted into the army in 1944 and joined the 442nd Regimental Combat Team in Europe. Awarded the Purple Heart for actions in the Battle of the Gothic Line. After the war, briefly resettled in Fife before going to the East Coast to attend photography school. Worked for Tall's Camera in Seattle, Washington for many years. Currently speaks to many school groups and community organizations about wartime experiences."},{"id":"242","model":"narrator","index":"7 1807/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/242/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/242/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/klarry.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/klarry.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/242/interviews/"},"display_name":"Larry \"Shorty\" Kazumura","bio":"Nisei male. Born November 7, 1920, in Mountain View, Hawaii. Grew up in Hawaii, where parents ran a sugar cane plantation. Was working hauling lumber when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Was not dismissed from work like other Japanese Americans, and was required to clean up the aftermath of the bombing. Volunteered for the army, and although under five feet tall, was able to enlist on account of a paperwork mistake. Served in Italy, and received a Bronze Star for saving the life of a fellow soldier. After discharge, married and eventually settled in Seattle, Washington."},{"id":"918","model":"narrator","index":"8 1808/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/918/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/918/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-472_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-472_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/918/interviews/"},"display_name":"Lawson I. Sakai","bio":"Nisei male. Born October 27, 1923, in Montebello, California. Grew up in Montebello, where father and other family members ran a farm. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, family moved to Colorado to avoid mass removal. In 1943, volunteered for the army and joined the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, fighting in campaigns in Italy and France. After completing military service, married and went to work with wife's family in Gilroy, California. Integral in organizing ongoing reunions of 442nd veterans, and was involved in the campaign for the 442nd Regimental Combat Team to receive the Congressional Gold Medal."},{"id":"928","model":"narrator","index":"9 1809/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/928/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/928/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-481_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-481_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/928/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Kazuharu Naganuma","bio":"Born August 20, 1938, in Lima, Peru. Parents ran a laundry business and father was a prominent community leader. During World War II, the FBI arrested George's father and the entire family was placed on a ship and sent to the Department of Justice camp at Crystal City, Texas. After leaving camp, the family was not allowed to return to Peru, so they moved to San Francisco with the help and sponsorship of a Shinto church reverend. Became involved in numerous activities such as Boy Scouts and basketball. Drafted into the army and served in Germany."},{"id":"1083","model":"narrator","index":"10 1810/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1083/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1083/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-546_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-546_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1083/interviews/"},"display_name":"Ron Kenmotsu","bio":"Male, born October 18, 1943, at the Amache (Colorado River) concentration camp, Colorado. Grew up in San Francisco, California, where parents ran a hotel. At a young age, found out that he had been informally adopted at birth while at Amache. After high school, volunteered for the U.S. Army and served in Korea. While in the military, went through the formal adoption process with the family who had raised him. After serving, worked at the Federal Reserve and then for Wells Fargo Bank in their computer and technology department. Did not reveal his family history to his family until his sons were grown."},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-331","model":"entity","index":"11 1811/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-331/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-331/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-331-mezzanine-6d7b38ca61-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-331-mezzanine-6d7b38ca61-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Ai Chih Tsai to Ai Jin Tsai","description":"Ai Chih Tsai's assignment at Camp Richie is over but he will continue to work for U.S. government. Assigned to raise funds for education and relief. Talked to representative from International Merchandise Co. Mr. Robison is interested in a textile factory or importing undershirts. Ryo (Morikawa) Tsai investigating other possibilities. Ai Chih Tsai expects passport in 2 weeks. List of goods sold in US with prices.","extent":"8.5W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-331","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Jin"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Iu Bok-su"},{"namepart":"Dickson, James"},{"namepart":"Sa-hia"},{"namepart":"Chiong, Khe-Beng"},{"namepart":"United States Army"},{"namepart":"Kerr, George \"Jack\""},{"namepart":"United States Department of State"},{"namepart":"Dowie, Kenneth"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Washington, District of Columbia","creation":"April 12, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Ai Chih author Tsai, Ai Chih \nTsai, Ai Jin \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nIu Bok-su \nDickson, James \nSa-hia \nChiong, Khe-Beng \nUnited States Army \nKerr, George \"Jack\" \nUnited States Department of State \nDowie, Kenneth","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-331-mezzanine-6d7b38ca61-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-67-81","model":"entity","index":"12 1812/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-67-81/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-67-81/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-67/ddr-densho-67-81-mezzanine-ce63e7372a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-67/ddr-densho-67-81-mezzanine-ce63e7372a-a.jpg"},"title":"Memo by General DeWitt","description":"Memo by General DeWitt regarding evacuation of \"enemy aliens\" on the West Coast. DeWitt comments on a program for evacuation as decided by the California House of Representatives and agrees that the Army and not the Justice Department should control evacuation. Suggests that the Attorney General is not doing an adequate job. He indicates that he wants Japanese evacuated as soon as possible and thinks that government is too \"sentimental.\" Suggests that all Japanese are incapable of being patriotic. Wants all assets of Japanese aliens liquidated immediately and disagrees with resettlement entirely.","extent":"3125W x 4978H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-67-81","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"DeWitt, John L."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Pearl Harbor and aftermath -- Decision to incarcerate","id":"203"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"DeWitt, John L."}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"misc_document","creation":"31-Jan-42","status":"completed","search_hidden":"DeWitt, John L. author DeWitt, John L.","download_large":"ddr-densho-67-81-mezzanine-ce63e7372a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-97-128","model":"entity","index":"13 1813/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-97-128/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-97-128/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-97/ddr-densho-97-128-mezzanine-1913089ef7-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-97/ddr-densho-97-128-mezzanine-1913089ef7-a.jpg"},"title":"Heart Mountain Sentinel Vol. II No. 20 (May 15, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"3 Caucasian Staff Members in Army\" (p. 1), \"Shivering Handful Witness Dedication of New Flagpole\" (p. 1), \"424 Leave Center in Month as Project Exodus Speeded\" (p. 1), \"Favorable Trend Seen in National Publicity on Evacuee Problems\" (p. 1), \"Evacuees Helped Save $2,000,000 in Montana Beets\" (p. 1), \"Editorial: The Senate Views the Problem\" (p. 4), \"Charter is Revised to Enable Issei to Hold Elective Office\" (p. 8), \"Discrimination Against Nisei Hit by Two University Papers\" (p. 8), \"Hirabayashi Fund Drive Nets $90\" (p. 8).","extent":"1380W x 2045H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-97-128","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Heart Mountain Sentinel","id":"175"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"May 15, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-97-128-mezzanine-1913089ef7-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-97-122","model":"entity","index":"14 1814/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-97-122/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-97-122/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-97/ddr-densho-97-122-mezzanine-4e7ad2d70f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-97/ddr-densho-97-122-mezzanine-4e7ad2d70f-a.jpg"},"title":"Heart Mountain Sentinel Vol. II No. 14 (April 3, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"WRA Eases Leave Regulations. Clearance Not Necessary, Cash Grants Provided\" (p. 1), \"Alien Evacuees Serving in Army Eligible for U.S. Citizenship\" (p. 1), \"Return to Center is Possible\" (p. 1), \"Supreme Court Asked Opinion on Legality of Evacuation Order\" (p. 1), \"Project Head May Now Issue Indefinite Pass\" (p. 1), \"Acute Shortage of Farm Workers Here Revealed\" (p. 5), \"His Release Finally Came; Then He Was Struck Down by Truck\" (p. 8), \"One Found Guilty in Theft Case\" (p. 8), \"Applications for Cameras Accepted\" (p. 8).","extent":"1396W x 2028H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-97-122","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Heart Mountain Sentinel","id":"175"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"April 3, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-97-122-mezzanine-4e7ad2d70f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-97-83","model":"entity","index":"15 1815/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-97-83/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-97-83/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-97/ddr-densho-97-83-mezzanine-697aed3fae-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-97/ddr-densho-97-83-mezzanine-697aed3fae-a.jpg"},"title":"Heart Mountain General Information Bulletin Series 13 (September 19, 1942)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Army Provides Food on Ration Basis\" (p. 1), \"Installation of Stoves to be Completed Soon\" (p. 1), \"Break in Water Line Repaired\" (p. 1), \"Ask Surrender of Expired Work Leave Permits\" (p. 1), \"Burned Down Laundry Room to be Rebuilt\" (p. 2), \"Appreciation Voice by Police Department\" (p. 2), \"Dental Clinic Now Open at 1-26\" (p. 3), \"Dry Goods Store May Open Next Week\" (p. 3), \"10 J.A.C.L. Officials Arrive Today\" (p. 3), \"Administrative Staff to View Japanese Program\" (p. 4), \"Permits Required for Use of Halls, Fields\" (p. 4).","extent":"1248W x 1944H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-97-83","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Heart Mountain Sentinel","id":"175"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"September 19, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-97-83-mezzanine-697aed3fae-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-14-5","model":"entity","index":"16 1816/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-14-5/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-14-5/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-14/ddr-pc-14-5-mezzanine-a95e6bd1ad-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-14/ddr-pc-14-5-mezzanine-a95e6bd1ad-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 15 No. 2 (June 11, 1942)","description":"Selected article titles: \"WRA Prepares Eight Relocation Centers\" (p. 1), \"Masaoka Meets WRA Officials On Relocation\" (p. 1), Gen. DeWitt's Edict Detains Nisei Private\" (p. 1), \"Hundreds Suffer Stomach Aches at Canadian Center\" (p. 1), \"First Phase of Evacuation Process Completed By Army\" (p. 2), \"FBI Arrests 364 Aliens During May\" (p. 2), \"New Legal Threats Develop Against Nisei Rights\" (p. 3), \"Evacuation Legality Will Be Tested in San Francisco Case\" (p. 3), \"Evacuee Manpower Needed to Develop Relocation Areas\" (p. 6), \"Opposition in Inland Communities Proves 'Bottleneck' in Resettlement\" (p. 7).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-14-5","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"June 11, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-14-5-mezzanine-a95e6bd1ad-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-14-24","model":"entity","index":"17 1817/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-14-24/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-14-24/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-14/ddr-pc-14-24-mezzanine-d75cdfeaa6-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-14/ddr-pc-14-24-mezzanine-d75cdfeaa6-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 15 No. 25 (November 19, 1942)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Legality of Military Curfew Order on U.S. Nisei Citizens Questioned by Federal Judge\" (p. 1), \"Democracy in Action: JACL Leaders Discuss Problems\" (p. 1), \"Yasui Prefers Soldier's Death To Life in Relocation Center\" (p. 1), \"Challenging Discrimination Will Help Win War, Declares Wirin\" (p. 2), \"U.S. Nisei Battalion Trains For War Combat Duty at Camp McCoy in Wisconsin\" (p. 3), \"Electrified Barbed-Wire Fence Disconnected at Idaho Center. Electrification Was Not Authorized by Either Army or WRA\" (p. 6), \"Nisei Police Official Beaten In Manzanar\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-14-24","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"November 19, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-14-24-mezzanine-d75cdfeaa6-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-14-28","model":"entity","index":"18 1818/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-14-28/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-14-28/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-14/ddr-pc-14-28-mezzanine-52b1b9ad14-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-14/ddr-pc-14-28-mezzanine-52b1b9ad14-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 15 No. 29 (December 17, 1942)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Army, WRA Take Swift Action To Segregate Instigators of Recent Manzanar Disturbance\" (p. 1), \"WRA Moves Nisei Leaders to Death Valley\" (p. 1), \"JACL Will Enter Court Case On Nisei Citizenship Rights\" (p. 1), \"Coast Newspapers Comment on Manzanar\" (p. 2), \"Korematsu Case Briefs Filed in U.S. District Appeals Court\" (p. 2), \"L.A. County Jury Indorses Move to Bar All Farm Lands To Persons of Japanese Race\" (p. 3), \"Willing to Die for America, Yasui Said at Portland Trial\" (p. 6), \"Mass Evacuation Criticized By Wirin in L.A. Radio Talk\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-14-28","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"December 17, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-14-28-mezzanine-52b1b9ad14-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-16-10","model":"entity","index":"19 1819/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-16-10/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-16-10/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-16/ddr-pc-16-10-mezzanine-8898482678-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-16/ddr-pc-16-10-mezzanine-8898482678-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 18 No. 9 (March 4, 1944)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Nisei Defies Nazis, Saves U.S. Major\" (p. 1), \"Japanese Americans First to Storm Cassino\" (p. 1), \"Restoration of Rights Sought by Granadans\" (p. 2), \"50 Thousand Evacuees May Not Return to California, Believes S.F. Chronicle Writer\" (p. 2), \"Granada Evacuees Plead Guilty to Draft Evasion\" (p. 2), \"Chicago Sun Sees Economic Basis for Anti-Evacuee Feeling\" (p. 3), \"Legality of Army Evacuation Orders to Be Tested Soon In Appeal of Korematsu Case\" (p. 5), \"Plan Campaign To Take Over Evacuees' Lands\" (p. 7), \"Canada Opinion Opposes Nisei Deportation Plan\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-16-10","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"March 4, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-16-10-mezzanine-8898482678-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-16-52","model":"entity","index":"20 1820/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-16-52/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-16-52/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-16/ddr-pc-16-52-mezzanine-c88a2df2e9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-16/ddr-pc-16-52-mezzanine-c88a2df2e9-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 19 No. 25 (December 23, 1944)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Army Revokes West Coast Exclusion Order\" (p. 1), \"Proclamation Restores Right Of Evacuee Group to Return To Homes After January 2\" (p. 1), \"Supreme Court Rules Loyal Citizens Cannot Be Detained\" (p. 1), \"Hood River Legion Post May Replace Some Nisei Names\" (p. 3), \"Expanded Relocation Effort By WRA in East Seen by Ickes\" (p. 3), \"Final Phase of WRA Program In Sight as Centers to Close Within Year, Says Dillon Myer\" (p. 4), \"Arizona Barber-Shop Incident Dramatized on New York Radio\" (p. 16).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-16-52","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"December 23, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-16-52-mezzanine-c88a2df2e9-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-16-39","model":"entity","index":"21 1821/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-16-39/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-16-39/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-16/ddr-pc-16-39-mezzanine-66ede599a9-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-16/ddr-pc-16-39-mezzanine-66ede599a9-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 19 No. 12 (September 23, 1944)","description":"Selected article titles: \"442nd Combat Team Played Vital Role in Breaching of German 'Little Cassino' Line\" (p. 1), \"Los Angeles Catholics Ask Lifting of Ban on Evacuees\" (p. 1), \"Army Permits Return of First Few Nisei Evacuees to Coast To Test Community Sentiment\" (p. 2), \"Seek Foster Homes for Japanese American Babies\" (p. 2), \"Japanese Americans Greeted As Liberators by Italians Upon Entry Into Port City\" (p. 3), \"Camp Savage Becomes Ghost City as Soldiers Transferred\" (p. 7), \"Six Will Face Federal Jury in Cheyenne Court\" (p. 7).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-16-39","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"September 23, 1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-16-39-mezzanine-66ede599a9-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-18-21","model":"entity","index":"22 1822/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-18-21/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-18-21/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-21-mezzanine-2dbbe7b4ba-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-21-mezzanine-2dbbe7b4ba-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 22 No. 21 (May 25, 1946)","description":"Selected article titles: \"World War II Vets May Bolt Spokane VFW\" (p. 1), \"Enlistments in Army Air Corps Opened to Japanese American Group as Wartime Ban Lifted\" (p. 1), \"First Canadian Deportees Will Sail Next Week\" (p. 1), \"Court Suit Seeks to Restrain Japanese American Family From Occupying L.A. Home\" (p. 3), \"JACL Official Charges Water Turned Off at Lomita Camp\" (p. 3), \"ACLU Paper Charges U.S. 'Kidnapped' Japanese Peruvians\" (p. 7), \"Gen. MacArthur's Order Opens Way for Return to U.S. Homes Of Nisei Stranded in Japan\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-18-21","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"May 25, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-18-21-mezzanine-2dbbe7b4ba-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-18-11","model":"entity","index":"23 1823/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-18-11/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-18-11/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-11-mezzanine-8b40a8db0e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-11-mezzanine-8b40a8db0e-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 22 No. 11 (March 16, 1946)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Youth to Die in Gas Chamber For Murder of Nisei Veteran\" (p. 1), \"California Nisei Awarded Medal of Honor\" (p. 1), \"New Evacuation Faces Residents in L.A. Area. 2100 Returnees Still Housed in Federal Emergency Units\" (p. 1), \"Martial Law Used by Army To Restrict Rights of Nisei\" (p. 1), \"Fright-Makers Shamed Into Silence by Loyalty of Nisei\" (p. 2), \"California's Supreme Court Asked to Rule State's Alien Property Legislation Invalid\" (p. 3), \"Poston, Manznar, Rohwer Centers, Long Empty, Officially Closed by Relocation Authority\" (p. 3).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-18-11","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"March 16, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-18-11-mezzanine-8b40a8db0e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-pc-18-46","model":"entity","index":"24 1824/{'value': 2141, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-18-46/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-pc-18-46/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-46-mezzanine-e491adc5f7-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-pc-18/ddr-pc-18-46-mezzanine-e491adc5f7-a.jpg"},"title":"The Pacific Citizen, Vol. 28 No. 19 (November 16, 1946)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Thirteen Japanese Americans Win Election to Territorial, County Offices in Hawaii\" (p. 1), \"Petition for Rehearing Filed In Oyama Land Law Case\" (p. 1), \"Report Renunciants in Texas Detention Camp Placed Under 'Relaxed Internment' Policy\" (p. 2), \"Home Town Barber Refuses To Cut Hair of Nisei Veteran\" (p. 2), \"Los Angeles Nisei Survives Harrowing Japan Experience. Hit in Mountains For Two Years Until Arrival of U.S. Army\" (p. 2), \"Two New Suits Will Challenge Legality of Renunciations\" (p. 2), \"Interracial Solidarity Shown By Sugar Industry Workers As Strike Nears Settlement\" (p. 8).","extent":"Pacific Citizen","links_children":"ddr-pc-18-46","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"The Japanese American Citizens League"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Pacific Citizen","rights":"cc","genre":"periodical","location":"Salt Lake City, Utah","creation":"November 16, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"The Japanese American Citizens League publisher","download_large":"ddr-pc-18-46-mezzanine-e491adc5f7-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Army","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}