(This interview was conducted as part of a project to capture stories of the Japanese American community of Spokane, Washington. Densho worked in collaboration with the Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture.)","extent":"04:21:24","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-190","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":215,"namepart":"Fred Shiosaki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Spokane, Washington","creation":"April 26 & 27, 2006","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Fred Shiosaki narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-sfred-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-189","model":"entity","index":"3 353/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-189/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-189/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ibetty-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ibetty-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Betty Fumiye Ito Interview","description":"Nisei female. Born March 29, 1918, in Seattle, Washington, and spent childhood in Medina and Bellevue, Washington. While in high school was a member of the Bellevue Strawberry Festival's Queen's Court. In 1939 married Kenji Ito, a prominent Japanese American lawyer who practiced in Seattle. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, recounts her experiences as her husband was picked up by the FBI on the evening of December 7, 1941. Describes the trial and acquittal of her husband after he was accused of working as a non-registered agent for Japan. After the trial, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, Tule Lake concentration camp, California, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, resettled in the Los Angeles area.","extent":"02:28:50","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-189","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":214,"namepart":"Betty Fumiye Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr014f642","namepart":"Ito, Fumiye"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"April 5, 2006","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Betty Fumiye Ito narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Ito, Fumiye 88922nr014f642","download_large":"denshovh-ibetty-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-17","model":"entity","index":"4 354/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-17-mezzanine-41e8c42e6f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-17-mezzanine-41e8c42e6f-a.jpg"},"title":"My future plan","description":"Term Paper by Michiko Mikami for period III Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Michiko focuses on the injustices done to his family and himself in events leading up to and including the mass removal. He mentions that his father was detained by the FBI for several months with no explanation and as a result he had to fill in at his family grocery store. Due to this he had to drop out of school. He comments on the multi-cultural nature of the country, but realizes that not every race is treated equally. He ends by stating that he had many hopes for the future before the war, but now just wants to be able to take care of his parents. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9017. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0017","extent":"7 pages, 11 x 8.5 inches, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-17","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Mikami, Michiko"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"2/24/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mikami, Michiko author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-17-mezzanine-41e8c42e6f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1002-6","model":"entity","index":"5 355/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1002-6/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1002-6/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-kmits-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1002/denshovh-kmits-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Mits Koshiyama Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born August 7, 1924, in Mountain View, California. Grew up in the Santa Clara Valley, California, working on his family's leased strawberry farm. In June of 1942, he was involuntarily \"evacuated\" to Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, then to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Graduated from high school in camp and at the age of 19, refused induction into the military on the grounds that the incarceration violated his Constitutional rights as an American citizen. Served two years at McNeil Island federal penitentiary, Washington. Later resettled in California and established a flower nursery business with his brother.
(This interview was conducted by sisters Emiko and Chizuko Omori for their 1999 documentary, Rabbit in the Moon, about the Japanese American resisters of conscience in the World War II incarceration camps. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"01:07:58","links_children":"ddr-densho-1002-6","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":125,"namepart":"Mits Koshiyama"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Chizu Omori"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Emiko Omori"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Emiko Omori and Witt Mons"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs24","namepart":"Koshiyama, Mitsuru"}],"contributor":"Emiko and Chizuko Omori Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Jose, California","creation":"October 2, 1992","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mits Koshiyama narrator \nChizu Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori interviewer \nEmiko Omori and Witt Mons videographer Koshiyama, Mitsuru 88922nr015zs24","download_large":"denshovh-kmits-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-5-242","model":"entity","index":"6 356/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-5-242/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-5-242/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-242-mezzanine-7d4871e535-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-5/ddr-csujad-5-242-mezzanine-7d4871e535-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter from Joikichi Yamanaka to Mr. S. Okine, April 13, 1948 [in Japanese]","description":"A letter from Jokichi Yamanaka in Hiroshima, Japan to his brother-in-law, Seichi Okine. Jokichi Yamanaka updates on his family noting that his his daughter Tomomi graduated from school and works as an interpreter at the U.S. military camp, Camp Kure. Mr. Nakano's house construction starts on April 14 and 15 and he is going to help them. He also writes about his reentry permit to the U.S. He was notified by United States Embassy that the process would take three to four months and he assumes that his earliest return to the U.S. would be sometime in August or September. He also laments about high inflation in Japan and provides some examples of the high prices of certain goods, including meat, konnyaku, age [deep fried tofu], train tickets, postage, a salted mackerel, dried young sardines, and candies. The arrival date of the letter and replied date, April 14, 1948, is recorded on the backside of the envelope. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: oki_02_73_001","extent":"1 page; 8.5 x 13 inches, handwritten; 1 envelope","links_children":"ddr-csujad-5-242","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Yamanaka, Joikichi"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Japan -- Post-World War II","id":"165"}],"format":"doc","language":["jpn"],"contributor":"CSU Dominguez Hills Department of Archives and Special Collections","rights":"nocc","genre":"correspondence","location":"Hiroshima, Japan","creation":"4/13/1948","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Yamanaka, Joikichi author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-5-242-mezzanine-7d4871e535-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-14","model":"entity","index":"7 357/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-14/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-14/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-14-mezzanine-dd8c5cb00c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-14-mezzanine-dd8c5cb00c-a.jpg"},"title":"Future","description":"Term paper by Yoshio Kusayanagi for Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Yoshio presents a very idealistic view of the needs for good individuals to overcome evil and injustice in the world. He highlights the need for everyone to do their part to win the war, by working their utmost, and producing the necessary components for a successful war. He mentions the consumerism of America versus the single-minded focus of Germany in preparing for war. If the war is lost, he says the future is over. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9014. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0014","extent":"8 pages, 10.5 x 8 inches, handwritten","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-14","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Kusayanagi, Yoshio"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kusayanagi, Yoshio author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-14-mezzanine-dd8c5cb00c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-21","model":"entity","index":"8 358/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-21/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-21/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-21-mezzanine-d8412e99aa-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-21-mezzanine-d8412e99aa-a.jpg"},"title":"School assignment","description":"Assignment by Midori Kunitomi (first name missing due to torn upper right corner, determined via class roster) for Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Kunitomi describes the United States as a melting pot of the world, where everyone has a equal chance and racial difference is not important. The first people came to America to live where they could do as they pleased and created a country where people have a say in their own future. However, racial prejudice on minorities exists, but this is not done by all. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9021. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0021","extent":"1 page, 10.5 x 8 inches, handwritten, damaged","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-21","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Kunitomi, Midori"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"},{"term":"Race and racism","id":"36"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1943-02","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kunitomi, Midori author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-21-mezzanine-d8412e99aa-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-janm-13-2","model":"entity","index":"9 359/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-janm-13-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-janm-13-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-janm-13/denshovh-ywally-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-janm-13/denshovh-ywally-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Wally Yonamine Interview","description":"Nisei-han male. Born June 24, 1925, in Maui, Hawaii. Grew up in a small village on a sugar plantation. Played football in high school, transferring to Honolulu. Signed with the San Francisco 49ers in 1947, but ended football career with an injury. In 1951, signed with the Tokyo Yomiuri Giants, the first American to play in Japan during the Allied occupation. Eventually became manager of the Chunichi Dragons. In 1994, inducted into the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:53:32","links_children":"ddr-janm-13-2","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":183,"namepart":"Wally Yonamine"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Art Hansen"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"John Esaki"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Akira Boch"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Japanese American National Museum Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"December 16, 2003","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Wally Yonamine narrator \nArt Hansen interviewer \nJohn Esaki interviewer \nAkira Boch videographer","download_large":"denshovh-ywally-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-353","model":"entity","index":"10 360/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-353/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-353/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-353-mezzanine-9ab6f0f70c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-353-mezzanine-9ab6f0f70c-a.jpg"},"title":"Keynote Talk: Rev. Ai Chih Tsai Biography and Legacy","description":"Notes for Taiwanese American Historical Society Keynote Talk on May 17, 2017","extent":"unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-353","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Peter"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Education","id":"31"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"Identity and values","id":"42"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Chinese American identity","id":"455"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Men","id":"511"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Peter"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Whitney"},{"namepart":"Poe, Bilin (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Cheng, Franklin P."},{"namepart":"Taiwanese American Historical Society"},{"namepart":"Tainan Presbyterian High School"},{"namepart":"Doshisha Daigaku"},{"namepart":"University of Chicago Divinity School"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) United States Office of Naval Intelligence"},{"namepart":"Columbia University"},{"namepart":"United States Department of War"},{"namepart":"United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)"},{"namepart":"Japanese Congregational Church"},{"namepart":"Seattle Formosan Christian Church"},{"namepart":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Kerr, George \"Jack\" H."},{"namepart":"Watkins, James T. IV"},{"namepart":"United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS)"},{"namepart":"Shackleton, Allan"},{"namepart":"Shackleton, Colin"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"narrative","creation":"May 17, 2017","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsai, Peter author Tsai, Ai Chih \nTsai, Peter \nTsai, Whitney \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) \nCheng, Franklin P. \nTaiwanese American Historical Society \nTainan Presbyterian High School \nDoshisha Daigaku \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) United States Office of Naval Intelligence \nColumbia University \nUnited States Department of War \nUnited Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) \nJapanese Congregational Church \nSeattle Formosan Christian Church \nCaldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nKerr, George \"Jack\" H. \nWatkins, James T. IV \nUnited States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS) \nShackleton, Allan \nShackleton, Colin","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-353-mezzanine-9ab6f0f70c-a.jpg"},{"id":"967","model":"narrator","index":"11 361/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/967/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/967/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1021-5_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1021-5_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/967/interviews/"},"display_name":"Junji Sarashina","bio":"Junji Sarashina was born in 1929 in Lahaina, Hawai'i, the son of a minister of a Buddhist Temple Nishihongan-ji and a teacher of Japanese-style flower arrangement, music, sewing, and cooking. The youngest of five children, Sarashina grew up surrounded by temple members (mostly plantation workers) and their families who enjoyed community picnics and samurai films. When his mother took her children to her hometown of Hiroshima in 1936, Sarashina struggled with Japanese at first. But soon, he got used to things Japanese thanks to the accommodations made by his mother, siblings, and schoolteachers. His older sisters baked Western style cakes and cookies and offered them to Sarashina's schoolmates, helping him to become better accepted. After the Pacific War began, Sarashina's family lost touch with his father who was still in Hawai'i. Later, he learned that his father had been taken by the FBI immediately after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. He was sent to the US mainland, then to a number of different incarceration camps. Sarashina as a junior high school student was mobilized to work at an ammunition factory when the nuclear bomb struck Hiroshima. Although he was not injured, he was irradiated as he entered the city to return home. Sarashina suffered diarrhea and could not eat afterward. When he went back to Hawai'i in 1949, he attended high school again to relearn English. Soon, he found a job at a local radio station in Honolulu. During the Korean War, he volunteered to serve as a military intelligence officer. When he was sent to Korea, he was assigned to a unit led by a judo teacher he knew from Sawtelle, California. The teacher had been his older brother's schoolmate in Hiroshima, and so he took Sarashina under his wing throughout Sarashina's stay in Korea. Although Sarashina says that the American government could do more to support US hibakusha, he also says that he supports the medical checkups offered to American survivors by the Japanese government. In fact, he assisted the establishment of the checkup system in the early 1970s and continued to help the US hibakusha's organization called the American Society of Hiroshima-Nagasaki A-bomb Survivors. He takes pride in assisting many US survivors to obtain Japanese hibakusha techo (certificate of survivorhood) and to receive benefits."},{"id":"ddr-densho-37-673","model":"entity","index":"12 362/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-37-673/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-37-673/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-673-mezzanine-0c5bc3c2b0-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-673-mezzanine-0c5bc3c2b0-a.jpg"},"title":"Family outside barracks","description":"Original WRA caption: Sakamoto family picture on golden wedding anniversary of Joseph Gerald Osamu Sakamoto and Mary Ann Tsuchi Sakamoto, both 80, at the Minidoka Relocation Center on December 11, 1943. Married in Japan, they came to the U.S. in 1894. Mr. Sakamoto was an early Seattle hotel proprietor. His son, James Y. Sakamoto, 40, is pictured with his family, Marietta Misao, wife, 37; Marie Mineyo, 11, Marcia Tsuyumi, 6, and Justine Denice, 8 months daughters. James Sakamoto, a U.S. citizen, attended Franklin high school in Seattle and studied at Princeton University in 1921 and 1922. He took up boxing and fought from ban tom weight to junior lightweight. He was probably the first person of Japanese ancestry to fight in Madison Square Garden. His left eye was injured and in 1927 in a fight in Utica, NY his right eye was blinded due to detachment of the retina. He returned to Seattle when he lost his sight entirely. Having done newspaper work in New York as English Editor of the Japanese-American, he turned to journalism in Seattle and on January 1, 1928 started publishing the Japanese-American Courier, first Japanese-American newspaper printed entirely in English. He is a past president of the Japanese American Citizens League.","links_children":"ddr-densho-37-673","format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"photograph","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"11-Dec-43","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-37-673-mezzanine-0c5bc3c2b0-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-12","model":"entity","index":"13 363/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-12/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-12/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-12-mezzanine-0e3a8b145f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-12-mezzanine-0e3a8b145f-a.jpg"},"title":"Senior problem: my future","description":"Term paper by Wataru Okamoto for Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. Wataru recounts that before the war and forced evacuation he wanted to be a fisherman or grocery store owner. However, once at Manzanar, he decided on becoming a gym instructor in both baseball and basketball. He reiterates his previous desire to be a fisherman, hoping after the war is over to relocate to Seattle or Mexico. Wataru also hopes to see some of his friends that have left for other incarceration camps again and visit other areas during furlough. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9012. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0012","extent":"10 pages, 10.5 x 8 inches, typescript","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-12","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Okamoto, Wataru"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Okamoto, Wataru author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-12-mezzanine-0e3a8b145f-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-105","model":"entity","index":"14 364/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-105/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-105/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-yhenry-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-yhenry-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Henry Bruno Yamada Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born 1923 on the Island of Kauai, Hawaii. Volunteered for military service shortly after graduating from High School. Served in the 442nd Regimental Combat Unit in a mortar platoon during World War II. (The 442 was an entirely Asian American segregated fighting unit.) After the war, he lived on the U.S. mainland for many years before finally returning to Hawaii. In this interview he discusses his memories of growing up on the island of Kauai, entering the military, and fighting in Europe with the 442nd during WWII.
(This interview was conducted at the 1998 Americans of Japanese Ancestry Veterans National Convention, held in Honolulu, Hawaii. Given the full conference schedule, interviews conducted at the reunion were shorter in length than typical Densho interviews and concentrated on a single topic, namely, the individual's military service during World War II.)","extent":"00:50:12","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-105","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":106,"namepart":"Henry Bruno Yamada"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Matt Emery"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Larry Hashima"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Honolulu, Hawaii","creation":"July 3, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Henry Bruno Yamada narrator \nMatt Emery interviewer \nLarry Hashima videographer","download_large":"denshovh-yhenry-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-84","model":"entity","index":"15 365/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-84/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-84/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-snobu-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-snobu-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Nobu Suzuki Interview I","description":"Nisei female. Born November 25, 1909, in Seattle, Washington. Father established one of the largest oyster companies in the United States prior to World War II. Graduated from Garfield High School, the University of Washington, and then the Pacific School of Religion where she earned a master's degree in religious education. At the outbreak of WWII, assisted Nikkei who lost their jobs and worked with the WRA to help those families trying to relocate inland before the mass removal. Incarcerated at the Puyallup Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, with husband who served as one of the camp's physicians. While incarcerated, worked on the student relocation and job leave programs. Maintained an active involvement in the Young Christian Women's Association throughout the war, and postwar. Resettled first in Spokane, than later in Seattle. After the war, became active in a myriad of organizations, including, the national PTA, American Association of University Women, League of Women's Voters, and King County Medical Society's women's organization.
(References are made to several of Nobu Suzuki's personal papers, which are currently available for public perusal at the University of Washington's Manuscripts and University Archives.)","extent":"02:21:51","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-84","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":87,"namepart":"Nobu Suzuki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Dee Goto"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0062b0q","namepart":"Suzuki, Nobuko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"June 3, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Nobu Suzuki narrator \nDee Goto interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Suzuki, Nobuko 88922nr0062b0q","download_large":"denshovh-snobu-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-87","model":"entity","index":"16 366/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-87/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-87/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-snobu-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-snobu-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Nobu Suzuki Interview II","description":"Nisei female. Born November 25, 1909, in Seattle, Washington. Father established one of the largest oyster companies in the United States prior to World War II. Graduated from Garfield High School, the University of Washington, and then the Pacific School of Religion where she earned a master's degree in religious education. At the outbreak of WWII, assisted Nikkei who lost their jobs and worked with the WRA to help those families trying to relocate inland before the mass removal. Incarcerated at the Puyallup Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, with husband who served as one of the camp's physicians. While incarcerated, worked on the student relocation and job leave programs. Maintained an active involvement in the Young Christian Women's Association throughout the war, and postwar. Resettled first in Spokane, than later in Seattle. After the war, became active in a myriad of organizations, including, the national PTA, American Association of University Women, League of Women's Voters, and King County Medical Society's women's organization.
(References are made to several of Nobu Suzuki's personal papers, which are currently available for public perusal at the University of Washington's Manuscripts and University Archives.)","extent":"01:44:37","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-87","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":87,"namepart":"Nobu Suzuki"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Dee Goto"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Matt Emery"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0062b0q","namepart":"Suzuki, Nobuko"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"June 11, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Nobu Suzuki narrator \nDee Goto interviewer \nMatt Emery videographer Suzuki, Nobuko 88922nr0062b0q","download_large":"denshovh-snobu-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-446-351","model":"entity","index":"17 367/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-446-351/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-446-351/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-351-mezzanine-0f7397e8ca-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-446/ddr-densho-446-351-mezzanine-0f7397e8ca-a.jpg"},"title":"Pacific Times: Rev. Ai Chih Tsai: Memories by His Children","description":"Article submitted for publication in the Pacific Times on May 3, 2017.","extent":"unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-446-351","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Poe, Bilin (Tsai)"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Lee, Bisim (Tsai)"},{"role":"author","namepart":"Tsai, Peter"}],"topics":[{"term":"Geographic communities -- Illinois -- Chicago","id":"279"},{"term":"Geographic communities -- Washington -- Seattle","id":"293"},{"term":"Education","id":"31"},{"term":"Education -- Higher education","id":"34"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"Identity and values","id":"42"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Chinese American identity","id":"455"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Family","id":"46"},{"term":"Identity and values -- Men","id":"511"},{"term":"Immigration and citizenship","id":"1"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"},{"term":"Community activities -- Recreational activities -- Mushroom picking","id":"310"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Tsai, Ai Chih"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Ryo (Morikawa) Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Poe, Bilin (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Lee, Bisim (Tsai)"},{"namepart":"Tsai, Peter"},{"namepart":"Taiwanese American Historical Society"},{"namepart":"Doshisha Daigaku"},{"namepart":"Tainan Presbyterian High School"},{"namepart":"University of Chicago Divinity School"},{"namepart":"Japanese Church of Christ"},{"namepart":"United States Naval Intelligence"},{"namepart":"United States Department of War"},{"namepart":"United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)"},{"namepart":"Japanese Congregational Church"},{"namepart":"Maxwell, James"},{"namepart":"Kerr, George \"Jack\" H."},{"namepart":"Watkins, James T. IV"},{"namepart":"United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS)"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"narrative","creation":"April 11, 2017","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) author \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) author \nLee, Bisim (Tsai) author \nTsai, Peter author Tsai, Ai Chih \nTsai, Ryo (Morikawa) Caldwell, BiHoa (Tsai) \nPoe, Bilin (Tsai) \nLee, Bisim (Tsai) \nTsai, Peter \nTaiwanese American Historical Society \nDoshisha Daigaku \nTainan Presbyterian High School \nUniversity of Chicago Divinity School \nJapanese Church of Christ \nUnited States Naval Intelligence \nUnited States Department of War \nUnited Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) \nJapanese Congregational Church \nMaxwell, James \nKerr, George \"Jack\" H. \nWatkins, James T. IV \nUnited States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS)","download_large":"ddr-densho-446-351-mezzanine-0f7397e8ca-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-123","model":"entity","index":"18 368/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-123/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-123/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-itsuguo-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-itsuguo-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda Interview I","description":"Nisei male. Born August 15, 1924, in Portland, Oregon. Incarcerated at the North Portland Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Kept a diary beginning December, 1941, and through incarceration. Beginning as a teenager, was exceptionally active as a volunteer leader, first within a Japanese American church in Portland, later in camp with Federated Christian Church, school and service clubs, and throughout life. Graduated from Hunt High School and left Minidoka on indefinite work leave. Drafted in 1944; graduated from United States Military Intelligence Service Language School. After discharge, returned to Portland, Oregon, and graduated from college in 1949. One of the earliest Nisei to obtain Master of Social Work degree from University of Washington, 1951. Married, 1951, and had four children. Incarceration led him to resolve to work for social justice. In 1953, was one of the first Nisei hired as executive director of a nonprofit organization in the United States (outside the Japanese American community), and served at the Atlantic Street Center in Seattle for 33 years, leading its transformation from settlement house to social service agency. Worked to reduce racial discrimination. Promoted multi-racial, cross-cultural cooperation, equal opportunity and affirmative action in community, church, nonprofit, government and other arenas. Mentors and advises community members, including sharing a set of principles he developed based on values from his cultural heritage. Mr. Ikeda is the recipient of numerous awards, recognitions of service and honors for his professional and volunteer contributions to society.
(As a teenager prior to World War II, began keeping scrapbooks with newspaper articles and memorabilia, a lifetime habit.)","extent":"03:04:23","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-123","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":121,"namepart":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Nisei","id":"44"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs1n","namepart":"Ikeda, Tsuguo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"September 27, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Ikeda, Tsuguo 88922nr015zs1n","download_large":"denshovh-itsuguo-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-125","model":"entity","index":"19 369/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-125/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-125/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-itsuguo-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-itsuguo-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda Interview III","description":"Nisei male. Born August 15, 1924, in Portland, Oregon. Incarcerated at the North Portland Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Kept a diary beginning December, 1941, and through incarceration. Beginning as a teenager, was exceptionally active as a volunteer leader, first within a Japanese American church in Portland, later in camp with Federated Christian Church, school and service clubs, and throughout life. Graduated from Hunt High School and left Minidoka on indefinite work leave. Drafted in 1944; graduated from United States Military Intelligence Service Language School. After discharge, returned to Portland, Oregon, and graduated from college in 1949. One of the earliest Nisei to obtain Master of Social Work degree from University of Washington, 1951. Married, 1951, and had four children. Incarceration led him to resolve to work for social justice. In 1953, was one of the first Nisei hired as executive director of a nonprofit organization in the United States (outside the Japanese American community), and served at the Atlantic Street Center in Seattle for 33 years, leading its transformation from settlement house to social service agency. Worked to reduce racial discrimination. Promoted multi-racial, cross-cultural cooperation, equal opportunity and affirmative action in community, church, nonprofit, government and other arenas. Mentors and advises community members, including sharing a set of principles he developed based on values from his cultural heritage. Mr. Ikeda is the recipient of numerous awards, recognitions of service and honors for his professional and volunteer contributions to society.
(As a teenager prior to World War II, began keeping scrapbooks with newspaper articles and memorabilia, a lifetime habit.)","extent":"00:50:34","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-125","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":121,"namepart":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs1n","namepart":"Ikeda, Tsuguo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"October 20, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Ikeda, Tsuguo 88922nr015zs1n","download_large":"denshovh-itsuguo-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-124","model":"entity","index":"20 370/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-124/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-124/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-itsuguo-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-itsuguo-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born August 15, 1924, in Portland, Oregon. Incarcerated at the North Portland Assembly Center and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Kept a diary beginning December, 1941, and through incarceration. Beginning as a teenager, was exceptionally active as a volunteer leader, first within a Japanese American church in Portland, later in camp with Federated Christian Church, school and service clubs, and throughout life. Graduated from Hunt High School and left Minidoka on indefinite work leave. Drafted in 1944; graduated from United States Military Intelligence Service Language School. After discharge, returned to Portland, Oregon, and graduated from college in 1949. One of the earliest Nisei to obtain Master of Social Work degree from University of Washington, 1951. Married, 1951, and had four children. Incarceration led him to resolve to work for social justice. In 1953, was one of the first Nisei hired as executive director of a nonprofit organization in the United States (outside the Japanese American community), and served at the Atlantic Street Center in Seattle for 33 years, leading its transformation from settlement house to social service agency. Worked to reduce racial discrimination. Promoted multi-racial, cross-cultural cooperation, equal opportunity and affirmative action in community, church, nonprofit, government and other arenas. Mentors and advises community members, including sharing a set of principles he developed based on values from his cultural heritage. Mr. Ikeda is the recipient of numerous awards, recognitions of service and honors for his professional and volunteer contributions to society.
(As a teenager prior to World War II, began keeping scrapbooks with newspaper articles and memorabilia, a lifetime habit.)","extent":"01:13:49","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-124","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":121,"namepart":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs1n","namepart":"Ikeda, Tsuguo"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"October 6, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tsuguo \"Ike\" Ikeda narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer Ikeda, Tsuguo 88922nr015zs1n","download_large":"denshovh-itsuguo-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1024-86","model":"entity","index":"21 371/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1024-86/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1024-86/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-86-mezzanine-f254c133eb-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-86-mezzanine-f254c133eb-a.jpg"},"title":"Stand Up For Justice","description":"A collaboration of VC and National Coalition for Redress and Reparations (now Nikkei for Civil Rights & Redress), funded by grants from the Civil Liberties Public Education Fund and the California Civil Liberties Public Education Program, this narrative drama and accompanying curriculum guide were produced following more than 5 years of extensive research and interviews with friends, schoolmates, and family of Ralph Lazo. This video includes scenes from the 30-minute drama, and interviews from the companion video on the making of Stand Up for Justice, a film based on the true story of a Mexican American high school student who stood up for his Japanese American friends during WWII—by choosing to live in confinement with them at Manzanar concentration camp.\r\n\r\nSee this item in the Densho Resource Guide at: Stand Up For Justice: The Ralph Lazo Story (film).\r\n\r\nSee this item in the Digital Library of the Japanese American Incarceration Films at: https://archive.org/details/ddr-densho-1024-86.","extent":"00:33:00","links_children":"ddr-densho-1024-86","creators":[{"role":"Director","namepart":"Esaki, John"}],"topics":[{"term":"Identity and values -- Children","id":"509"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps","id":"65"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"motion_picture","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"2004","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Esaki, John Director","download_large":"ddr-densho-1024-86-mezzanine-f254c133eb-a.jpg"},{"id":"60","model":"narrator","index":"22 372/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/60/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/60/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mtomio.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/mtomio.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/60/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tomio Moriguchi","bio":"Ni-ten-gosei (Nisei/Sansei) male. Born April 16, 1936, in Tacoma, Washington. During World War II, was incarcerated with his family at the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. After the war, resettled in Seattle's Nihonmachi, where his father reestablished the family business, Uwajimaya, selling Japanese foodstuff and other items. Worked at Uwajimaya throughout his childhood -- along with his seven brothers and sisters -- prior to and while attending Bailey Gatzert Elementary, Garfield High School, and the University of Washington. Worked at the Boeing Company before leaving to help run Uwajimaya, becoming CEO and President of Uwajimaya in 1965. In addition, actively serves and holds leadership positions in more than 40 civic, social, and professional organizations, and has received numerous honors and awards from both the Nikkei community, and the non-Nikkei mainstream. Uwajimaya is presently the largest food-related Japanese American owned business in the Pacific Northwest, generating over $60 million in annual gross income. It is also remains largely a \"family business,\" employing six out of the seven siblings in key roles."},{"id":"ddr-one-5-196","model":"entity","index":"23 373/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-one-5-196/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-one-5-196/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-196-mezzanine-30bd72b57d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-one-5/ddr-one-5-196-mezzanine-30bd72b57d-a.jpg"},"title":"Sworn statement by Eva C. Goodenough on behalf of Keizaburo Koyama. Page 1 of 3.","description":"Photocopy of a declassified seven point sworn statement from Eva C. Goodenough on behalf of Keizaburo Koyama. The form originated in the County of Jerome, Idaho, but that information was slashed through and replaced with County of Multnomah, Oregon. For this first page of the statement, Mrs. Goodenough states that she made Dr. Keizaburo Koyama in February of 1928 and that she has frequently spoken to him. She lists speaking to him while taking care of his infant son from 1928 - 1929 when Mrs. Koyama was ill and Dr. Koyama was in dental school. She explains that over the years, her and her husband became the adopted American parents of the Koyamas and that both families saw each other often during festivals and special occasions. Mrs. Goodenough holds Dr. Koyama in high esteem and calls him \"a loyal friend, and an unusually good husband and father.\"","extent":"1 photocopy: 8.50 W x 14 H","links_children":"ddr-one-5-196","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Goodenough, Eva C."}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Support from the non-Japanese American community","id":"80"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Koyama, Keizaburo"},{"namepart":"Goodenough, Eva C."},{"namepart":"Koyama, Teru"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Museum of Oregon; Portland, Oregon","geography":[{"term":"Portland","id":"289"}],"rights":"cc","genre":"blank_form","location":"Portland, Oregon","creation":"3/26/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Goodenough, Eva C. author Koyama, Keizaburo \nGoodenough, Eva C. \nKoyama, Teru","download_large":"ddr-one-5-196-mezzanine-30bd72b57d-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-48-24","model":"entity","index":"24 374/{'value': 414, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-48-24/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-48-24/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-24-mezzanine-4d479f45ba-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-48/ddr-csujad-48-24-mezzanine-4d479f45ba-a.jpg"},"title":"Essay","description":"Assignment by Ruth Ryoko Saitow (portion of name is missing due to torn upper right corner, full name determined via class roster) for period V Social Problems class taught by Mr. Harry Bentley Wells, a teacher at Manzanar High School. The author comments on the need for workers during the war, but all of the Japanese Americans were put into camps and are working at jobs that have no future. The war is causing a shortage in labor for farms, and men and boys are being taken out of camp on furlough. Meanwhile, most of those in camp are loyal Americans and are idling away waiting for peace time. Transcription is found in item: ecm_wells_9024. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: ecm_wells_0024","extent":"1 page, 11 x 8.5 inches, handwritten, damaged","links_children":"ddr-csujad-48-24","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Saitow, Ruth Ryoko"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"Education -- Secondary education","id":"335"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Impact of incarceration","id":"78"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Eastern California Museum","rights":"nocc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Manzanar, California","facility":[{"term":"Manzanar","id":"7"}],"creation":"2/2/1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Saitow, Ruth Ryoko author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-48-24-mezzanine-4d479f45ba-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"American High School","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}