Kimi Ogawa: Shin-Issei female. Born January 4, 1928, in Fukuoka, Japan. Lived in Japan during World War II, and in this interview, discusses her memories of wartime Japan. Met Arthur Ogami in Japan, married, and immigrated to the U.S. in the 1950s.","extent":"01:47:29","links_children":"ddr-manz-1-109","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":170,"namepart":"Arthur Ogami"},{"role":"narrator","oh_id":539,"namepart":"Kimi Ogami"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alisa Lynch"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Kirk Peterson"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs62","namepart":"Ogami, Arthur Mitsuru"}],"contributor":"Manzanar National Historic Site Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Las Vegas, Nevada","creation":"August 10, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Arthur Ogami narrator \nKimi Ogami narrator \nAlisa Lynch interviewer \nKirk Peterson videographer Ogami, Arthur Mitsuru 88922nr015zs62","download_large":"denshovh-oarthur_g-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1012-17","model":"entity","index":"12 9287/{'value': 9307, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1012-17/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1012-17/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-droger-02-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1012/denshovh-droger-02-a.jpg"},"title":"Roger Daniels Interview","description":"Caucasian male. Born December 1, 1927, in New York City, New York. Charles Phelps Taft Professor Emeritus of History, University of Cincinnati. Served as a consultant to the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians from 1981 to 1983. Has researched and written numerous books about the Japanese American experience, including Prisoners Without Trial: Japanese Americans in World War II and American Concentration Camps: A Documentary History of the Relocation and Incarceration of Japanese Americans, 1941-1945.
(This interview is audio-only. It contains raw footage used by Steven Okazaki in his 1985 film Unfinished Business.
This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"01:33:15","links_children":"ddr-densho-1012-17","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":166,"namepart":"Roger Daniels"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Steven Okazaki","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Francisco, California","creation":"November 18, 1983","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Roger Daniels narrator","download_large":"denshovh-droger-02-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-283","model":"entity","index":"13 9288/{'value': 9307, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-283/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-283/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-osusumu-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-osusumu-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Susumu Oshima Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born August 15, 1926, in Kainaliu-Kona, Hawaii. Grew up in Kona, where parents established a successful dry goods store, barber shop, and taxi service. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was immediately arrested by the FBI and held in the Kilauea Military Camp on the Big Island of Hawaii. During the war, father was transferred to Fort Sill internment camp, Oklahoma, where he was shot and killed by a camp guard. Susumu was drafted into the military in 1945, and he served as an interpreter in the Philippines and Japan. After the war, returned to Kona and resumed running the family's store.
(This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.)","extent":"02:07:48","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-283","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":486,"namepart":"Susumu Oshima"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Tom Ikeda"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Kona, Hawaii","creation":"June 9, 2010","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Susumu Oshima narrator \nTom Ikeda interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-osusumu-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-82","model":"entity","index":"14 9289/{'value': 9307, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-82/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-82/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-stad-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-stad-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Tad Sato Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born May 9, 1922, in Portland, Oregon. Moved to Seattle with father after parents divorced. Grew up in Seattle's Nihonmachi where father ran a secondhand store. Disinterested in college after seeing a lack of employment opportunities for graduating Japanese Americans. Went to work for Great Northern Railway, laying and maintaining tracks on the West Coast. At war's onset, Great Northern brought its Japanese workers together in a segregated gang outside the restricted zone, so he continued to work for the railroad, thus avoiding incarceration in a War Relocation Authority camp. While away, father was picked up by the FBI, and then sent to Kooskia internment camp, Idaho, where he was held throughout the war. Drafted into military service in 1945. Returned to Great Northern and was promoted through the ranks in the accounting department despite running into workplace discrimination.
(Due to technical difficulties, this interview has audio problems in its second half.)","extent":"01:37:40","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-82","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":85,"namepart":"Tad Sato"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Stephen Fugita"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"August 15, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Tad Sato narrator \nStephen Fugita interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer","download_large":"denshovh-stad-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"131","model":"narrator","index":"15 9290/{'value': 9307, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/131/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/131/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ytosh.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ytosh.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/131/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tosh Yasutake","bio":"Nisei male. Born June 10, 1922, in Seattle, WA. Father was employed by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service as interpreter for twenty years, until he was separated from family on December 7, 1941, and interned as an enemy alien. Graduated 1941, Cleveland High School, and attended University of Washington before being removed from Seattle with mother, sister and two brothers in 1942. Incarcerated at Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Worked as hospital attendant and laboratory technician in Minidoka. While incarcerated in Minidoka, volunteered for U.S. Army, March, 1943. Allowed to travel from Minidoka, with sister Mitsuye (Yasutake) Yamada, to visit their father, Jack Kaichiro Yasutake, incarcerated at U.S. Department of Justice internment camp in Lordsburg, NM. Mr. Yasutake passed away on December 12, 2016. After basic training at Camp Shelby, Mississippi, served in Europe in the 442nd Regimental Combat Team as a medic assigned to Company I, 2nd Platoon. Wounded during combat in southern France, October, 1944. Awarded Bronze Star. After recovery, assigned as a medic to Anti-tank Company, 1st platoon. December, 1945 discharged from the army. After visiting parents and younger brother in Cincinnati and living briefly in New York City, returned to Seattle. Married. Received B.A., Zoology, from University of Washington. Began career in research on fish pathology. Had four children. Received Ph.D in Fish Pathology from the University of Tokyo. Retired in 1988 as Research Histologist for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, after 36 years. Continues to serve as a Senior Scientist Emeritus in a volunteer capacity. Dr. W.T. Yasutake is the author of numerous articles published in scholarly journals, and the book, Microscopic Anatomy of Salmonids. He received awards and recognition for his pioneering and outstanding contributions to his professional field."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1021-9","model":"entity","index":"16 9291/{'value': 9307, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1021-9/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1021-9/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-9-1-mezzanine-4899f812fb-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-9-1-mezzanine-4899f812fb-a.jpg"},"title":"Paul Satoh Interview","description":"Born in Osaka, Japan, in 1936, Paul Satoh spent a happy childhood as the only child of a chemist and a homemaker. Satoh's extended family included an uncle who had studied at the University of California, Los Angeles, and his wife, a US-born Nikkei from Hawai'i who occasionally had received a \"care pack from the United States\" that she shared with the Satohs. Although the couple was not affected by the bomb as they were in Tokyo, one of Satoh's other aunts who was in Hiroshima died of radiation sickness. Satoh himself, too, was in Hiroshima as his family's house in Osaka was burned in an air raid early in 1945. Living in his relative's house in Koi, which was about six kilometer from the hypocenter, Satoh remembers hearing a \"real big sound\" at the moment of the explosion. His family decided to take refuge in his grandmother's house in the countryside, and as they walked through Hiroshima, they witnessed people dying on the street from severe burns and injuries. Many years later, his mother died of leukemia, while Satoh himself suffered from thyroid cancer. Immediately after the war, though, Satoh recalled only silence around the bomb, even as many of his classmates passed away because of the delayed radiation effect. He came to the United States in 1960 to study chemistry at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan. He married a Polish American woman who was his classmate, and experienced racial discrimination in the era when interracial marriages were still illegal in many US states. Satoh also found that his brother-in-law had worked as a maintenance crew for Enola Gay, the airplane that dropped the bomb on Hiroshima. Satoh worked as a chemist in the for-profit sector, and he occasionally lectured at colleges on applied chemistry. Although he was not part of any US survivors' groups, he was interested in issues of nuclear weaponry and bomb victims. He has assisted research for a book written by his acquaintance about US prisoners of war who died of the bomb in Hiroshima in 1945.","extent":"2:09:44","links_children":"ddr-densho-1021-9","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":970,"namepart":"Paul Satoh"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Naoko Wake"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"East Lansing, Michigan","creation":"23-Aug-15","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Paul Satoh narrator \nNaoko Wake interviewer","download_large":"ddr-densho-1021-9-1-mezzanine-4899f812fb-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-10-2","model":"entity","index":"17 9292/{'value': 9307, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-10-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-10-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-10/ddr-densho-10-2-mezzanine-768fb04ca7-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-10/ddr-densho-10-2-mezzanine-768fb04ca7-a.jpg"},"title":"The staff of the Minidoka Irrigator","description":"The staff of the Minidoka Irrigator, the newspaper of the Minidoka concentration camp, is shown in the paper's office. Far right (left to right): Takako Matsumoto (left) and Elsie Sata. Front (left to right): unidentified, Kimi Tambara, Cherry Tanaka, John Kanda, Miyuki Inouye, and Sachi Yasui. Back: Mitsuko Miyoshi, Harry Nakata, Watson Asaba, unidentified, unidentified, Mitsu Yasuda, unidentified, and Kanichi Iwami. The paper was allotted a small office space in one of the barracks that housed camp inmates. The Minidoka Irrigator, a weekly paper, ran from September 10, 1942, through July 28, 1945, and contained news about the camp and of the war when Nisei began enlisting. Japanese Americans with a background in journalism worked on the Minidoka Irrigator and were paid $16 per month. Because Japanese Americans were not allowed to have cameras or radios, all photographs for the newspaper were camp sanctioned. The paper was published in the city of Jerome, under the supervision of the WRA. A copy of each issue was sent to Washington, D.C.","extent":"2240W x 1555H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-10-2","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Minidoka Irrigator","id":"173"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Work and jobs","id":"76"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Matsumoto, Takako"},{"namepart":"Sata, Elsie"},{"namepart":"Tambara, Kimi"},{"namepart":"Tanaka, Cherry"},{"namepart":"Kanda, John"},{"namepart":"Inouye, Miyuki"},{"namepart":"Yasui, Sachi"},{"namepart":"Miyoshi, Mitsuko"},{"namepart":"Nakata, Harry"},{"namepart":"Asaba, Watson"},{"namepart":"Yasui, Sachi"},{"namepart":"Miyoshi, Mitsuko"},{"namepart":"Nakata, Harry"},{"namepart":"Asaba, Watson"},{"namepart":"Yasuda"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pcc","genre":"photograph","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"c.1944","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Matsumoto, Takako \nSata, Elsie \nTambara, Kimi \nTanaka, Cherry \nKanda, John \nInouye, Miyuki \nYasui, Sachi \nMiyoshi, Mitsuko \nNakata, Harry \nAsaba, Watson \nYasui, Sachi \nMiyoshi, Mitsuko \nNakata, Harry \nAsaba, Watson \nYasuda","download_large":"ddr-densho-10-2-mezzanine-768fb04ca7-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-365-2","model":"entity","index":"18 9293/{'value': 9307, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-365-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-365-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-365/ddr-densho-365-2-mezzanine-c92c673359-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-365/ddr-densho-365-2-mezzanine-c92c673359-a.jpg"},"title":"Takeharu Inouye Diary","description":"In the second diary he kept in the camp at Tule Lake, Takeharu Inouye recounts his struggles with education and the boredom resulting from few recreational opportunities. Though he participated in several baseball games with his classmates, Takeharu spent the majority of his free time attending the movie showings that occurred daily or weekly throughout the camp. He attended the movies shown in English, since he did not know enough Japanese to understand the Japanese films that were also shown. \r\n\r\nAt the beginning of his sophomore school year, Takeharu began taking night classes in order to study more subjects and improve his grades. He preferred the night classes, as he was no longer embarrassingly the oldest student in classroom. He describes his weekly chores of cleaning his family's barrack, the monotonous food options, and the lack of hygiene possible due to occasional strikes in the coal mines. Takeharu consistently dwells on the uncertainty of his future, not knowing how long he would remain in Tule Lake.","extent":"1 diary: 8W x 11H","links_children":"ddr-densho-365-2","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Inouye, Takeharu"}],"topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Education","id":"73"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Living conditions","id":"67"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Medical care and health issues","id":"70"},{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Social and recreational activities","id":"195"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Inouye, Takeharu"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"diary","location":"Tule Lake, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"11/22/1944-06/18/1945","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Inouye, Takeharu author Inouye, Takeharu","download_large":"ddr-densho-365-2-mezzanine-c92c673359-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-564-5","model":"entity","index":"19 9294/{'value': 9307, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-564-5/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-564-5/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-564/ddr-densho-564-5-mezzanine-86975f8c47-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-564/ddr-densho-564-5-mezzanine-86975f8c47-a.jpg"},"title":"List of incarcerees to be repatriated from Fort Lincoln, including letters from W. C. Robbins, office in charge INS Fort Lincoln, North Dakota, to Albert Clattenburg and Major Haynes","description":"","extent":"Unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-564-5","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Resistance and dissidence -- Expatriation/repatriation/deportation","id":"107"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"misc_document","location":"Bismarck, North Dakota","facility":[{"term":"Fort Lincoln (Bismarck)","id":"28"}],"creation":"December 21, 1945;January 14, 1946","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-564-5-mezzanine-86975f8c47-a.jpg"},{"id":"133","model":"narrator","index":"20 9295/{'value': 9307, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/133/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/133/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/fmitsu.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/fmitsu.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/133/interviews/"},"display_name":"Mitsu Fukui","bio":"Nisei female. Born September 21, 1911, in Seattle, Washington. Had a younger sister and three younger brothers. Father, Riichiro Fukano, employed by Oriental Trading Company as a bookkeeper in Seattle, before operating a dry cleaning business. Mother, Kiyono (Miyama) Fukano, a seamstress. Learned dressmaking from mother, and helped in the shop. Family lived upstairs above the shop, in a neighborhood with few Japanese American families. Paternal grandfather and grandmother joined the household and lived with them for eleven years before returning to Japan. Father served many years as secretary of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce. Mother served as president of Buddhist Women's Association. Graduated from Lincoln High School in 1930, attended University of Washington one year, and attended school in Japan one year. While living in Fukuoka Ken, served as interpreter for Charles Lindbergh, Yasha Heifetz, and other notable visitors. Married William Owari Fukui, an Issei, in 1936. Husband also in dry cleaning business. Son born 1939. Moved back to parents' house, along with her husband and son, in order to be together with her mother and brothers, when incarcerated in Puyallup Assembly Center in May, 1942. Father had been picked up earlier by FBI, after December 7, 1941, detained and interned separately. Incarcerated in Minidoka concentration camp. Son attended nursery school in Minidoka while she and husband worked. Released on indefinite leave in 1944 with husband and son, to relocate in Detroit, MI. Car vandalized and burglarized in Minidoka camp, during their drive back to Seattle in 1945. Protested lack of assistance from Minidoka concentration camp staff. With husband, started another dry cleaning business in Seattle, overcoming discrimination in financing. Retired from dry cleaning business. Did volunteer work for Children's Hospital in Seattle for over 30 years and provided home care for two and a half years for her husband who suffered from a severe stroke. After his death, she provided volunteer services at Seattle Keiro for six and a half years."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-132","model":"entity","index":"21 9296/{'value': 9307, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-132/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-132/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ygeorge-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-ygeorge-01-a.jpg"},"title":"George Yoshida Interview","description":"Nisei male. Born April 9, 1922, in Seattle, Washington. Parents immigrated from Japan in the early 1900s. Attended Bailey Gatzert Elementary School and Washington Middle School in Seattle before his family moved to East Los Angeles in 1936. Incarcerated in Poston Detention Camp #1, Arizona, in April 1942. While in camp, helped organize the \"Music Makers,\" a dance band. Left Poston for Chicago in 1943, and was drafted into the U.S. Army. Underwent basic training in the armored (tank) corps at Fort Knox, Kentucky, and was subsequently assigned to the Military Intelligence Language School at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. Married Helen Furuyama in 1945, and moved to Berkeley, California, and later to El Cerrito, a neighboring community. George earned his teaching credential and taught in the Berkeley School District for thirty-five years. He raised four children: Cole, Clay, Maia and Lian. Organized the J-Town Jazz Ensemble, a 17-piece swing band based in San Francisco, which performs at community events and festivals. Author of the book Reminiscing in Swingtime: Japanese Americans in American Popular Music, 1925-1960, published by the National Japanese American Historical Society, San Francisco, California.","extent":"03:49:01","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-132","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":126,"namepart":"George Yoshida"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Alice Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"John Pai"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"John Pai"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0122p80","namepart":"Yoshida, George"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"February 18, 2002","status":"completed","search_hidden":"George Yoshida narrator \nAlice Ito interviewer \nJohn Pai interviewer \nJohn Pai videographer Yoshida, George 88922nr0122p80","download_large":"denshovh-ygeorge-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"966","model":"narrator","index":"22 9297/{'value': 9307, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/966/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/966/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/966/interviews/"},"display_name":"Matsuko Hayashi","bio":"Born in 1921 in Parlier in Fresno County, California, Matsuko Hayashi (pseudonym) grew up as the second oldest of the eight children of a first-generation immigrant who had come to the United States as a sixteen years old, and his wife who had come as a \"picture bride.\" They raised grapes on three farms that Matsuko's father and his brother had bought. She remembers her father's affection for the family and his dedication to Buddhism, and how busy her mother was raising children. They hired Mexican laborers and operated their business successfully, winning many blue ribbons for their products at state fairs. Matsuko recalls how the family enjoyed going to camping at Yosemite, and how she went to a Japanese school on Saturdays and Sundays, which she found not effective in teaching her Japanese. As for the American school that she attended on weekdays, she recalls how her teachers were prejudiced against the Japanese. When she went to Japan in 1940, she felt her Japanese classmates were biased against Americans like herself. She and other Nisei at her school in Hiroshima spoke in English, making their Japanese classmate believe that the American students were bad-mouthing their Japanese peers. On August 8, 1945, she was injured and lost consciousness after the bombing, but she survived with the help of her Nisei friend that she knew from a sewing school she had attended in Hiroshima. She lost one of her sisters to the bombing, whom her family was able to identify only because of the white nametag she wore. After losing her Japanese husband to the war, Matsuko came back to the United States in 1947, went to a drapery school and worked in Hollywood as a dressmaker, and was remarried to a Nisei who had been a \"no-no-boy\" in Tule Lake and expressed no concern about the fact that Matsuko is a survivor. As a dedicated Buddhist, Matsuko spent her married life focusing on raising family and working at a nursery, and interacted with other US survivors only occasionally. She feels that being attacked by the bomb was like being hit by tsunami; it was shikata ga nai (It couldn't be helped)."},{"id":"ddr-densho-1000-117","model":"entity","index":"23 9298/{'value': 9307, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-117/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1000-117/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-fjoseph-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1000/denshovh-fjoseph-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Joseph Frisino Interview","description":"Male of Italian and Irish descent. Born 1919 in Baltimore, Maryland. Grew up in the countryside outside of Baltimore with his parents, younger sister, and maternal grandmother. Raised Catholic, he attended public schools until graduating in 1936 at age seventeen. Began working for the Baltimore News Post in 1937 until the draft of 1940 when he was called to serve one year in the U.S. armed forces. Joined the army at the age of twenty-one, well aware of Hitler's aggression in Europe and fairly certain the U.S. would have to join the war effort to stop him. Went through basic training and was just 2 months away from being discharged at the time of the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Mr. Frisino shares his memories of the day Pearl Harbor was bombed and his own personal reaction to the bombing. Went through training as a radio operator, met and married his wife, Harriette, and went through rigorous Officer Candidate School before being shipped overseas to fight for 2 years in the jungles of Burma as a communications supply officer. In 1945, returned home to his wife in Seattle, Washington and began his career at the Seattle Post-Intelligencer where he worked for over 50 years. In this interview, Mr. Frisino shares the memories of his own life, as well as his perspective on issues of race and ethnicity.
(Mr. Frisino was suffering from a slight cough during the two days of this interview.)","extent":"03:56:21","links_children":"ddr-densho-1000-117","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":115,"namepart":"Joseph Frisino"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Jenna Brostrom"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Stephen Fugita"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Dana Hoshide"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Seattle, Washington","creation":"June 20-21, 2000","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Joseph Frisino narrator \nJenna Brostrom interviewer \nStephen Fugita interviewer \nDana Hoshide videographer","download_large":"denshovh-fjoseph-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-442","model":"collection","index":"24 9299/{'value': 9307, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-442/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-442/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-442/ddr-densho-442-184-mezzanine-66f116bd6d-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-442/ddr-densho-442-184-mezzanine-66f116bd6d-a.jpg"},"title":"Wakaichi \"Buck\" Ohashi Family Collection","description":"Wakaichi \"Buck\" Ohashi Family Collection is a photo album of the Ohashi family. The album primarily contains photographs of the Ohashi family and the Japanese American community in Ketchikan, Alaska prior to WWII.\r\n\r\nJasomatsu \"George\" Ohashi (1872-1934) immigrated to Ketchikan, Alaska around 1900 with his wife Shika, leaving his young son Wakaichi “Buck” in Japan. He came to Alaska following the Yukon Gold Rush, however, he opened a restaurant on Front Street in Ketchikan called \"New York Cafe.\" In 1907 George built a storefront and boarding house on Stedman Street that housed his businesses as well as his growing family. In the storefront he opened and ran Ohashi's Grocery. In the following years he and Shika had two daughters, Mary Haruko (1909) and Ruth Tomo (1917). Around 1911, George sent for his son, Wakaichi “Buck” Ohashi to join him in Alaska. During Prohibition, George put a pool house and bar in the back of the grocery store. Around 1924, Buck returned to Japan to marry Komatsu Saito, and in 1924 they returned to Ketchikan. Together Komatsu and Buck had 5 children, Robert Teruo (1926), Hope Nobuko (1927), Neil Jiro (1930), Edward Saburo (1931) and Paul Masuo (1934). Upon George’s death in 1934 Buck took over the family business, and in 1936 he closed the grocery and opened \"Welexum Bar\" in the space. After a few years the bar was closed and the store front divided into two spaces, a liquor store and a confectionary/ice cream shop. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941 Buck along with all the Issei men in Ketchikan, was arrested and detained on Annette Island. Eventually transferred to Lordsburg or Santa Fe in the following months. In 1942, the rest of the Ohashi family was removed and detained, initially at Camp Harmony in Puyallup, Washington, then at Minidoka in Idaho. Upon the family’s return to Ketchikan in 1945, they reopened the liquor store and confectionary and ran the business until the mid-1990s.","extent":"1 photo album with 312 photographs","links_children":"ddr-densho-442","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","public":"1","rights":"cc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-442-184-mezzanine-66f116bd6d-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"1945","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}