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Born November 27, 1912, on Bainbridge Island, Washington. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, moved to Denver and took a job as English Editor of a Japanese American vernacular newspaper, the Rocky Shimpo. As editor, wrote about and supported the Fair Play Committee in Heart Mountain concentration camp. Was charged and tried for conspiracy to counsel draft evasion, and was acquitted on the grounds of the First Amendment and freedom of the press. Mr. Omura was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Asian American Journalists Association.<p>(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, <i>Conscience and the Constitution</i>, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"00:43:54","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-11","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":144,"namepart":"James Omura"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 1993","status":"completed","search_hidden":"James Omura narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-ojimmie-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-15","model":"entity","index":"9 3859/{'value': 6799, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-15/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-15/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-ofred-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-ofred-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Fred Okrand Interview","description":"White male. Born 1918. Former longtime legal director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California. Was an advocate for civil rights throughout his career, and worked on behalf of Japanese Americans during the World War II incarceration.<p>(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, <i>Conscience and the Constitution</i>, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. 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Born December 16, 1916, in Cupertino, California. Attended San Jose State College, where he was an NCAA wrestling champion. Immediately after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, tried to enlist in the U.S. Air Corps, but was refused on account of his Japanese ancestry. Was one semester short of earning a business degree when he was removed with his family to the Pomona Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Was one of the Heart Mountain resisters of conscience, and stood trial in Cheyenne, Wyoming, for resisting the draft in 1944. After World War II, went into civil service and a fruit-selling business. Mr. Kawamoto was posthumously awarded his business degree from San Jose State.<p>(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, <i>Conscience and the Constitution</i>, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. 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Born August 7, 1924, in Mountain View, California. Grew up in the Santa Clara Valley, California, working on his family's leased strawberry farm. In June of 1942, he was involuntarily \"evacuated\" to Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, then to Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. Graduated from high school in camp and at the age of 19, refused induction into the military on the grounds that the incarceration violated his Constitutional rights as an American citizen. Served two years at McNeil Island federal penitentiary, Washington. Later resettled in California and established a flower nursery business with his brother.<p>(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, <i>Conscience and the Constitution</i>, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"00:37:46","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-10","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":125,"namepart":"Mits Koshiyama"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs24","namepart":"Koshiyama, Mitsuru"}],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 15 & 16, 1993","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mits Koshiyama narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer Koshiyama, Mitsuru 88922nr015zs24","download_large":"denshovh-kmits-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-23","model":"entity","index":"13 3863/{'value': 6799, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-23/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-23/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-hart-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-hart-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Art Hansen Interview","description":"White male. Born October 10, 1938, in Hoboken, New Jersey. Education History: BA, MA, Ph.D. at University of California, Santa Barbara. Work History: Professor of History and Asian American Studies, California State University, Fullerton (1966-Present); Visiting Professor, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, 1979-1980; Editor, Oral History Review, 1980-1987; President, Southwest Oral History Association (1991-1992); President, Oral History Association (2002-2003); Senior Historian, Japanese American National Museum (2001-2005) Publications: Coeditor, Reflections on Shattered Windows: Promises and Prospects for Asian American Studies (Pullman, WA: Washington State University Press, 1987); Editor, Japanese American Evacuation World War II Oral History Project [five parts: Evacuees; Administrators; Analysts; Resisters; Guards and Townspeople] (Munich, Ger.: K. G. Saur, 1992-1995]. Awards/Honors:  James V. Mink Oral History Award, Southwest Oral History Association, 1988; Outstanding Teacher Award, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, 1996-1997; Distinguished Faculty Member, College of Humanities and Social Studies, California State University, Fullerton, 2001-2002.<p>(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, <i>Conscience and the Constitution</i>, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"01:48:49","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-23","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":165,"namepart":"Art Hansen"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"February 22, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Art Hansen narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer","download_large":"denshovh-hart-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-7","model":"entity","index":"14 3864/{'value': 6799, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-7/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-7/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-eart-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-eart-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Art Emi Interview","description":"Brother of Frank Emi, leader of the Heart Mountain Fair Play Committee (FPC). While incarcerated, helped the FPC organize.<p>(This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, <i>Conscience and the Constitution</i>, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"00:08:40","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-7","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":153,"namepart":"Art Emi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr004xz27","namepart":"Emi, Arthur Makoto"}],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 1993","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Art Emi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer Emi, Arthur Makoto 88922nr004xz27","download_large":"denshovh-eart-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-8","model":"entity","index":"15 3865/{'value': 6799, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-8/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-8/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kyosh-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-kyosh-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Yosh Kuromiya Interview","description":"Nisei male. 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As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"00:43:27","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-17","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":159,"namepart":"Kats Kunitsugu"},{"role":"narrator","oh_id":160,"namepart":"Paul Tsuneishi"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr0052x2n","namepart":"Hirooka, Katsumi"},{"nr_id":"88922/nr011bh2z","namepart":"Tsuneishi, Paul Hiroshi"}],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"August 22, 1995","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Kats Kunitsugu narrator \nPaul Tsuneishi narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer Hirooka, Katsumi 88922nr0052x2n\nTsuneishi, Paul Hiroshi 88922nr011bh2z","download_large":"denshovh-kkats_g-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-122-22","model":"entity","index":"17 3867/{'value': 6799, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-22/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-122-22/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-wmichi-01-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-122/denshovh-wmichi-01-a.jpg"},"title":"Michi Weglyn Interview","description":"Nisei female, born November 29, 1926, in Stockton, California. 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As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the resistance movement itself.)","extent":"01:46:13","links_children":"ddr-densho-122-22","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":164,"namepart":"Michi Weglyn"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Abe"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Frank Chin"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr005gh3x","namepart":"Nishiura, Michiko"}],"contributor":"Frank Abe Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"February 20, 1998","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Michi Weglyn narrator \nFrank Abe interviewer \nFrank Chin interviewer Nishiura, Michiko 88922nr005gh3x","download_large":"denshovh-wmichi-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-37-1080","model":"entity","index":"18 3868/{'value': 6799, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-37-1080/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-37-1080/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-1080-mezzanine-f50456156f-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-1080-mezzanine-f50456156f-a.jpg"},"title":"Letter of recommendation for Rev. 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See also ddr-densho-37-1510.","extent":"Unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-37-1509","topics":[{"term":"Industry and employment -- Fishing and canneries","id":"10"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"photograph","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"September 22, 1941","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-37-1509-mezzanine-075baf393d-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-37-1510","model":"entity","index":"24 3874/{'value': 6799, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-37-1510/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-37-1510/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-1510-mezzanine-396dfbf059-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-1510-mezzanine-396dfbf059-a.jpg"},"title":"Tsutomu Ikemura engineer of vessels license","description":"Back of engineer of vessels license. 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See also ddr-densho-37-1509.","extent":"Unknown","links_children":"ddr-densho-37-1510","topics":[{"term":"Industry and employment -- Fishing and canneries","id":"10"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"photograph","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"September 22, 1941","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-37-1510-mezzanine-396dfbf059-a.jpg"}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Los Angeles, California","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}