(This interview was conducted by the JC Legacy Project, a project of the Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.)","extent":"01:15:44","links_children":"ddr-densho-1006-1","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":197,"namepart":"Mitsu Ito"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Mary Ito"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Tak Yano"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Toronto, Ontario, Canada","creation":"March 23, 2005","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Mitsu Ito narrator \nMary Ito interviewer \nTak Yano videographer","download_large":"denshovh-imitsu-01-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1005-4","model":"entity","index":"1 5526/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1005-4/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1005-4/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1005/denshovh-tdave-03-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1005/denshovh-tdave-03-a.jpg"},"title":"Dave Tatsuno Interview II","description":"Nisei male. Born March 31, 1913, in San Francisco, California. Spent difficult childhood years in San Francisco under care of a guardian while family lived in Japan. Graduated with a degree in business administration from the University of California at Berkeley before World War II. Removed to Tanforan Assembly Center, California, and then to Topaz concentration camp, Utah. While in Topaz, was permitted to travel around the country as a buyer for the camp co-op store, and also obtained permission to shoot home movie footage from within the camp itself. After World War II, established the Nichibei Bussan Department Store in San Jose's Japantown.","extent":"01:10:18","links_children":"ddr-densho-1005-4","creators":[{"role":"narrator","oh_id":195,"namepart":"Dave Tatsuno"},{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Wendy Hanamura"},{"role":"videographer","namepart":"Emiko Omori"}],"format":"vh","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"nr_id":"88922/nr015zs7j","namepart":"Tatsuno, David Masaharu"}],"contributor":"Japanese American Film Preservation Project Collection","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"San Jose, California","creation":"May 17, 2005","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Dave Tatsuno narrator \nWendy Hanamura interviewer \nEmiko Omori videographer Tatsuno, David Masaharu 88922nr015zs7j","download_large":"denshovh-tdave-03-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-119-41","model":"entity","index":"2 5527/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-119-41/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-119-41/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-41-mezzanine-0732345993-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-119/ddr-densho-119-41-mezzanine-0732345993-a.jpg"},"title":"Minidoka Irrigator Vol. III No. 14 (May 29, 1943)","description":"Selected article titles: \"War Dep't. Action Opens Army Post Jobs to Nisei\" (p. 1), \"Center Residents to Vote Soon on Charter for Self-Government\" (p. 1), \"2nd U.S.-Japan Exchange of 1,500 Civilians Seen\" (p. 2), \"Arizona Protests Evacuee Influx Into Rich Lands\" (p. 2), \"95% of Those Relocated in Chicago Making Successful Readjustments, Survey by Advisory Group Reveals\" (p. 3), \"Beeson Calls Attention to Renewal of Civil Service Status to Evacuees\" (p. 3), \"Evacuees Hesitant in Accepting Good Jobs -- WRA Seeks Reason Why, Says Employment Head from Wash.\" (p. 3), \"Here Are the Facts On Family Reunion Camp\" (p. 4), \"Personal Property Must Be Attended to Before Leaving\" (p. 6).","extent":"1587W x 2074H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-119-41","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Minidoka Irrigator","id":"173"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho","facility":[{"term":"Minidoka","id":"8"}],"creation":"May 29, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-119-41-mezzanine-0732345993-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1024-19","model":"entity","index":"3 5528/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1024-19/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1024-19/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-19-mezzanine-129a19ab4e-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1024/ddr-densho-1024-19-mezzanine-129a19ab4e-a.jpg"},"title":"The Japanese American","description":"Traces the relationship between the United States and Japan from Commodore Perry's mission in 1854 to the era of World War II, when Japanese Americans were declared enemy aliens and shipped to relocation camps. Shows how Japanese Americans have overcome early discrimination to become one of the most successful ethnic groups. From the collection of the Asian Pacific Resource Center at the LA County Library.\r\n\r\nSee this item in the Digital Library of the Japanese American Incarceration Films at: https://archive.org/details/japaneseamericanmontebello601apc.","extent":"00:29:22; 1 Reel of 16mm Film","links_children":"ddr-densho-1024-19","creators":[{"role":"publisher","namepart":"Handel Film Corporation"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"motion_picture","creation":"1974","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Handel Film Corporation publisher","download_large":"ddr-densho-1024-19-mezzanine-129a19ab4e-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1007-1577","model":"entity","index":"4 5529/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1577/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1007-1577/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1007/ddr-densho-1007-1577-mezzanine-b6a5a9bb6a-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1007/ddr-densho-1007-1577-mezzanine-b6a5a9bb6a-a.jpg"},"title":"Interview with John Aiso, part 4 of 5","description":"Aiso discusses the difficulty Nisei had becoming commissioned officers, the qualities of Nisei MISLS students, how he himself learned Japanese, his time at Harvard Law School and difficulty finding a job, his time working for the British American Tobacco Company in Manchukuo, being drafted and founding the MISLS, and the role of Nisei soldiers during the occupation of Japan. Video starts at 0:25. Loni Ding can be heard asking questions behind the camera. Original title: 74, II LA #4, 7-23-85, Judge Aiso IV, Interview - Law Library, Cont. Interview continues at ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1007-1578/","extent":"00:21:09","links_children":"ddr-densho-1007-1577","creators":[{"role":"interviewer","namepart":"Ding, Loni"},{"role":"interviewee","namepart":"Aiso, John"}],"topics":[{"term":"Arts and literature -- Performing arts -- Film -- Documentaries","id":"251"},{"term":"Race and racism -- Discrimination","id":"37"},{"term":"World War II -- Military service -- Military Intelligence Service","id":"91"},{"term":"Military service -- Postwar occupation of Japan","id":"199"}],"format":"av","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Aiso, John"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"cc","genre":"interview","location":"Los Angeles, California","creation":"July 23, 1985","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Ding, Loni interviewer \nAiso, John interviewee Aiso, John","download_large":"ddr-densho-1007-1577-mezzanine-b6a5a9bb6a-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-65-21","model":"entity","index":"5 5530/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-65-21/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-65-21/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-65/ddr-densho-65-21-mezzanine-817a04b51c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-65/ddr-densho-65-21-mezzanine-817a04b51c-a.jpg"},"title":"Tulean Dispatch Vol. III No. 26 (August 15, 1942)","description":"Selected article titles: \"Orators Wanted\" (p. 1), \"'Plenty of Food on Hand' Says Pilcher\" (p. 1), \"Messages May Be Sent to Japan\" (p. 1), \"Workers Receive June Cash Advances\" (p. 1), \"Fire Sale at 4119 Today and Sunday\" (p. 1), \"Lumber Sold at No. 1508\" (p. 1), \"Fire Crew, Wardens Thanked by Block 41\" (p. 1), \"Young Buddhists to Meet in 1420\" (p. 2), \"Will Observe: Lantern Fest\" (p. 2), \"Ex-Harvard Editor to Address Youth Rally\" (p. 2), \"Colony Taxis for Official Use Only\" (p. 2), \"Newspaper Supervisor Visits City\" (p. 3), \"Block 54 Quarantined\" (p. 3), \"Shoe Repair Shop Opens\" (p. 3).","extent":"1226W x 2114H (pixels)","links_children":"ddr-densho-65-21","topics":[{"term":"World War II -- Concentration camps -- Publications -- Tulean Dispatch","id":"174"}],"format":"doc","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Pilcher, F. R."},{"namepart":"Jacoby, Harold"},{"namepart":"Yamada, Clifford"},{"namepart":"Takahashi, B."},{"namepart":"Tani, S."},{"namepart":"Yamada, R."},{"namepart":"Reid, D. G."},{"namepart":"Ronald, Landon"},{"namepart":"Ninomura, Shizuko"},{"namepart":"Iwao, K."},{"namepart":"Yagawa, Salem"},{"namepart":"Naito, S."},{"namepart":"Hirabayashi, G."},{"namepart":"Nigatani, S."},{"namepart":"Foote, Caleb"},{"namepart":"Igarashi, Kensaburo"},{"namepart":"Sano, Hisashi"},{"namepart":"Sasaki, Yonosuko"},{"namepart":"Nakamura, Isamu"},{"namepart":"Kawashima, Sueneshin"},{"namepart":"Inouye, Isaac"},{"namepart":"Niwa, Seiichi"},{"namepart":"Kuroda, Yoshinobu"},{"namepart":"Sasaki, S."},{"namepart":"Nagatani, S."},{"namepart":"Takagishi, Sam"},{"namepart":"Yoshikawa, Edward"},{"namepart":"Igarashi, Isaac"},{"namepart":"Takeguchi, Wilbur"},{"namepart":"Korohara, Mike"},{"namepart":"Ono, Shorty"},{"namepart":"Kunimatsu, Isamu"},{"namepart":"Arao, Frank"},{"namepart":"Hull, Irvin"},{"namepart":"Mori, Jean"},{"namepart":"Fujimoto, Tsu"},{"namepart":"Fagan, Frank"},{"namepart":"Smith, Frank"},{"namepart":"Shirell, Elmer"},{"namepart":"Elberson, Dan"},{"namepart":"Clark, H. L."},{"namepart":"Funai, Aubrey"},{"namepart":"Akita, Hiram"},{"namepart":"Okamoto, Tsukasa"},{"namepart":"Yamada, Nobi"},{"namepart":"Horotaka, Toki"},{"namepart":"Cook, John D."},{"namepart":"Tanabe, Frank S."},{"namepart":"Imazeki, Howard M."},{"namepart":"Watanabe, G. T."},{"namepart":"Kanaya, George"},{"namepart":"Bates, Edwin"},{"namepart":"Hayashi, Tom"},{"namepart":"Fujii, Joe"},{"namepart":"Smith, Kendall"},{"namepart":"Takiguchi, Wilbur"},{"namepart":"Hijikata, Frank"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"periodical","location":"Tule Lake concentration camp, California","facility":[{"term":"Tule Lake","id":"10"}],"creation":"August 15, 1942","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Pilcher, F. R. \nJacoby, Harold \nYamada, Clifford \nTakahashi, B. \nTani, S. \nYamada, R. \nReid, D. G. \nRonald, Landon \nNinomura, Shizuko \nIwao, K. \nYagawa, Salem \nNaito, S. \nHirabayashi, G. \nNigatani, S. \nFoote, Caleb \nIgarashi, Kensaburo \nSano, Hisashi \nSasaki, Yonosuko \nNakamura, Isamu \nKawashima, Sueneshin \nInouye, Isaac \nNiwa, Seiichi \nKuroda, Yoshinobu \nSasaki, S. \nNagatani, S. \nTakagishi, Sam \nYoshikawa, Edward \nIgarashi, Isaac \nTakeguchi, Wilbur \nKorohara, Mike \nOno, Shorty \nKunimatsu, Isamu \nArao, Frank \nHull, Irvin \nMori, Jean \nFujimoto, Tsu \nFagan, Frank \nSmith, Frank \nShirell, Elmer \nElberson, Dan \nClark, H. L. \nFunai, Aubrey \nAkita, Hiram \nOkamoto, Tsukasa \nYamada, Nobi \nHorotaka, Toki \nCook, John D. \nTanabe, Frank S. \nImazeki, Howard M. \nWatanabe, G. T. \nKanaya, George \nBates, Edwin \nHayashi, Tom \nFujii, Joe \nSmith, Kendall \nTakiguchi, Wilbur \nHijikata, Frank","download_large":"ddr-densho-65-21-mezzanine-817a04b51c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-37-466","model":"entity","index":"6 5531/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-37-466/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-37-466/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-466-mezzanine-e669ddf279-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-37/ddr-densho-37-466-mezzanine-e669ddf279-a.jpg"},"title":"Japanese American couple","description":"Original WRA caption: Heart Mountain Relocation Center, Heart Mountain, Wyoming. Alice and Bill Hosokawa, young Americans of Japanese ancestry now residing at Heart Mountain. Bill, whose father came to the United States many years ago is a recognized Nisei leader, a graduate of the University of Washington, West coast newspaper man, foreign correspondent for the Shanghai Times and Far East Review and Editor of the Singapore Herald. Bill and Alice have lived in Japan and China, and Bill has traveled extensively in Mongolia and Melashia. His column in the Pacific Citizen and his editorials in the Sentinel reflect his wide experience in the indomitable faith in Americanism.","extent":"10W x 10H","links_children":"ddr-densho-37-466","creators":[{"role":"photographer","namepart":"Parker, Tom"}],"format":"img","language":["eng"],"persons":[{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Bill"},{"namepart":"Hosokawa, Alice"}],"contributor":"Densho","rights":"pdm","genre":"photograph","location":"Cody, Wyoming","facility":[{"term":"Heart Mountain","id":"5"}],"creation":"January 8, 1943","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Parker, Tom photographer Hosokawa, Bill \nHosokawa, Alice","download_large":"ddr-densho-37-466-mezzanine-e669ddf279-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-csujad-2","model":"collection","index":"7 5532/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-csujad-2/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-2/ddr-csujad-2-1-mezzanine-010f63fe6c-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-csujad-2/ddr-csujad-2-1-mezzanine-010f63fe6c-a.jpg"},"title":"San Jose State Schmidt (Willard E.) Papers","description":"The Willard Schmidt collection, documents some of the administrative duties of Willard Schmidt, the Chief of Internal Security for the War Relocation Authority and the Tule Lake incarceration/segregation camp. This collection contains administrative records and photos documenting the Tule Lake camp, the largest incarceration camp with a peak population of 18,789 and with the most turbulent history. In 1943, the camp was turned into a segregation center to house \"disloyal\" Japanese Americans relocated from other camps based on their answers to a confusing loyalty questionnaire. The camp endured martial law from November 1943- Jan 1944 after escalating protests and unrest. The hostile environment of the camp lead to many incarcerees renouncing their American citizenship upon the end of incarceration, a process which took 14 years to reverse if they did not wish to be deported to Japan.
See the full finding aid at Online Archive of California.","extent":"2 box 1 linear ft.","links_children":"ddr-csujad-2","creators":[{"role":"author","namepart":"Schmidt, Willard E."}],"language":["eng"],"contributor":"San Jose State University Department of Special Collections and Archives","public":"1","rights":"pcc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"Schmidt, Willard E. author","download_large":"ddr-csujad-2-1-mezzanine-010f63fe6c-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-densho-1021","model":"collection","index":"8 5533/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1021/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-densho-1021/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-5-1-mezzanine-ec9df4a5e1-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-densho-1021/ddr-densho-1021-5-1-mezzanine-ec9df4a5e1-a.jpg"},"title":"Naoko Wake Collection of Oral Histories of US Survivors of the Atomic Bombs","description":"This collection consists of ten interviews that historian Naoko Wake conducted in 2011-15 for her book American Survivors: Trans-Pacific Memories of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Five of the interviews are with US survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, while the other five are with medical and legal professionals and community activists who have supported US hibakusha’s effort to gain recognition from both American and Japanese governments. The interviews include hibakusha’s childhood memories, their experiences of growing up in the United States and Japan, the 1945 nuclear attacks and their immediate aftermaths, returning (or coming) to America after the war, gaining Japanese and Japanese American supporters, and their concerns about their radiation illnesses and the lack of medical care. Their memories also illuminate the complex relationship between the bomb and the camp in postwar Japanese American families and communities.","links_children":"ddr-densho-1021","language":["eng"],"contributor":"Densho","public":"1","rights":"cc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-densho-1021-5-1-mezzanine-ec9df4a5e1-a.jpg"},{"id":"ddr-ohs-1","model":"collection","index":"9 5534/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-ohs-1/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/ddr-ohs-1/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-ohs-1/ddr-ohs-1-256-mezzanine-2e07060908-a.jpg","thumb":"http://ddrmedia.local/media/ddr-ohs-1/ddr-ohs-1-256-mezzanine-2e07060908-a.jpg"},"title":"Yabe Family Papers Collection","description":"Digitized selections from a larger collection that documents the lives and activities of the Yabe family, particularly the first generation (the Issei) who immigrated from Japan to California in the early 1900s, and the second generation, the Nisei. Major topics represented the collection overall include the experience Mitsuye (Jyoko) Yabe as an immigrant to the United States; the family's business and community activities in Los Angeles, California, through 1942; family members' experiences of forced removal and incarceration during World War II; Miyuki \"Miki\" (Yabe) Yasui's advocacy for redress after the war; and her extensive research on family and Japanese American history. The 275 digitized items that are viewable in the Densho Digital Repository and Oregon Historical Society's Digital Collections consist of photographs, school documents, correspondence, and genealogical research.\r\n\r\nThe 275 digitized selections are a small portion of the overall collection, which consists of 2.8 cubic feet of material, and is available for use onsite at the Oregon Historical Society Research Library.","links_children":"ddr-ohs-1","language":["eng","jpn"],"contributor":"The Oregon Historical Society","public":"1","rights":"cc","status":"completed","search_hidden":"","download_large":"ddr-ohs-1-256-mezzanine-2e07060908-a.jpg"},{"id":"45","model":"narrator","index":"10 5535/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/45/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/45/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kgeorge.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/kgeorge.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/45/interviews/"},"display_name":"George Koshi","bio":"Kibei male. Born June 16, 1911, in Greeley, Colorado. Raised in Denver, Colorado, until the age of five. Sent to Japan for schooling in 1917 and returned to the U.S. at the age of seventeen. Continued his education to eventually become the first Nikkei attorney in the state of Colorado. Drafted into the U.S. Army in March, 1942, and became a member of the Military Intelligence Service (MIS); served as an instructor of Japanese language in the MIS Language School and then as a language specialist in Washington, D.C., and the Pacific Military Intelligence Research Section (PACMIRS) in Maryland. Was hired as a civilian by the U.S. government postwar to provide legal counsel to defendants in the war crimes trials in Japan, and later, supervise Japanese legal and judicial reform. Received a medal commendation from the Japanese government for work in connection with the reformation of Japan's judicial system."},{"id":"29","model":"narrator","index":"11 5536/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/29/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/29/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/telmer.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/telmer.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/29/interviews/"},"display_name":"Elmer Tazuma","bio":"Issei male. Born March 30, 1916, in Kure, Japan. Immigrated with parents to Seattle as a child, where parents ran several hotels and apartment buildings in the International District, as well as the Tazuma Ten Cent store. In his interview, discusses Japanese American hotel ownership from the early to mid-1900s and the role of the hotel association in the Japanese American community."},{"id":"94","model":"narrator","index":"12 5537/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/94/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/94/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tayame.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tayame.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/94/interviews/"},"display_name":"Ayame Tsutakawa","bio":"Kibei female. Born May 23, 1924, in the Hollywood area of Los Angeles, California. Sent to Japan to live with a relative when thirteen months old. Returned to United States and mother when twelve years old. Incarcerated at Sacramento Assembly Center and Tule Lake concentration camp, both in California. Resettled in Sacramento, California. Married George Tsutakawa, renowned artist, and moved to Seattle, Washington."},{"id":"285","model":"narrator","index":"13 5538/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/285/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/285/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/stadashi.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/stadashi.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/285/interviews/"},"display_name":"Tadashi Sakuma","bio":"Nisei male. Born May 20, 1913, in Hiroshima, Japan, and immigrated to the United States at the age of eleven. Lived on Bainbridge Island, Washington. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California, later transferring to the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, lived in Moses Lake, Washington, for a time before eventually returning to Bainbridge Island."},{"id":"264","model":"narrator","index":"14 5539/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/264/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/264/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hkajiko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/hkajiko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/264/interviews/"},"display_name":"Kajiko Hashisaki","bio":"Nisei female. Born March 27, 1924, and raised in Seattle, Washington. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, was removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Left Minidoka in 1943 to attend school in St. Paul, Minnesota. Married in 1945, and lived in Japan for sixteen months before returning to the United States and raising a family."},{"id":"500","model":"narrator","index":"15 5540/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/500/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/500/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sshigeki.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/sshigeki.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/500/interviews/"},"display_name":"Shigeki Sugiyama","bio":"Nisei male. Born December 19, 1927, in Alameda, California. Grew up in Alameda. During World War II, removed to the Manzanar concentration camp, California. While in camp, worked at the camouflage net factory and in the camp's hospital. Transferred with family to the Topaz concentration camp, Utah. After leaving camp, was drafted into the U.S. military and served as an interpreter in Japan."},{"id":"390","model":"narrator","index":"16 5541/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/390/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/390/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/omuriel.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/omuriel.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/390/interviews/"},"display_name":"Muriel Chiyo Tanaka Onishi","bio":"Nisei female. Born March 6, 1921, in Hilo, Hawaii. Grew up in Hilo, where parents were Japanese language school teachers. In 1939, moved to Japan to obtain medical treatment, and attended school there. During World War II, was conscripted into the Japanese military and worked as an interpreter, translating U.S. radio transmissions for General Headquarters in Tokyo. Returned to Hawaii in 1947."},{"id":"515","model":"narrator","index":"17 5542/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/515/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/515/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tmin.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tmin.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/515/interviews/"},"display_name":"Min Tonai","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 6, 1929, in San Pedro, California. Grew up on Terminal Island, California, where father ran several successful stores. During World War II, removed with family to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado. After leaving camp returned to California to attend school. Served in Korea and Japan during the Korean War."},{"id":"732","model":"narrator","index":"18 5543/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/732/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/732/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ililly.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ililly.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/732/interviews/"},"display_name":"Lilly Kobayashi Irinaga","bio":"Nisei female. Born April 5, 1929, in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in Portland where parents ran a hotel. In 1941, went with family on a trip to Japan to visit family and returned shortly before the bombing of Pearl Harbor. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, returned to Portland."},{"id":"646","model":"narrator","index":"19 5544/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/646/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/646/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/plarry.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/plarry.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/646/interviews/"},"display_name":"Larry R. Pacheco","bio":"White male. Born November 4, 1922, in San Jose, California. Drafted into the military after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. During World War II, served as a military police guard at the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Shipped overseas, and was captured in France as a prisoner of war and held in Germany. After completing military service, returned to San Jose."},{"id":"659","model":"narrator","index":"20 5545/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/659/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/659/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yyuriko.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/yyuriko.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/659/interviews/"},"display_name":"Yuriko Yamamoto","bio":"Nisei female. Born February 19, 1927, in Los Angeles, California. When mother passed away before the war, went to live with family friends while father went to Japan. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Heart Mountain concentration camp, Wyoming. After leaving camp, lived for a time in Detroit, Michigan, before eventually returning to California."},{"id":"697","model":"narrator","index":"21 5546/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/697/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/697/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tamy.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/tamy.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/697/interviews/"},"display_name":"Amy Tsugawa","bio":"Nisei female. Born and raised in Hawaii. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, father was arrested by the FBI. The rest of the family was removed to the Jerome concentration camp, Arkansas, and the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona, to be reunited with father. After leaving camp, moved with family to Japan before eventually returning to Hawaii and then moving to Portland, Oregon."},{"id":"631","model":"narrator","index":"22 5547/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/631/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/631/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ytakenori.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ytakenori.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/631/interviews/"},"display_name":"Takenori Yamamoto","bio":"Nisei male. Born February 21, 1938, in Los Angeles, California. Age three when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, and was removed with family to the Poston concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, returned to Los Angeles. After World War II, served in the U.S. Air Force, and later became involved in numerous Japanese American community organizations, including forming Asian Pacific Lesbians and Gays."},{"id":"902","model":"narrator","index":"23 5548/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/902/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/902/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-454_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-454_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/902/interviews/"},"display_name":"May Ohmura Watanabe","bio":"Nisei female. Born May 13, 1922, in Chico, California. Grew up in Chico, where parents ran a produce store. Was in college when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, and was removed with her family to the Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Left camp to attend school in Syracuse, New York, and become a public health nurse. Later worked at the University of Pittsburgh."},{"id":"1003","model":"narrator","index":"24 5549/{'value': 5890, 'relation': 'eq'}","links":{"html":"https://ddr.densho.org/narrators/1003/","json":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1003/","img":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-509_narr.jpg","thumb":"https://ddr.densho.org/media/narrators/ddr-densho-1000-509_narr.jpg","interviews":"https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/narrator/1003/interviews/"},"display_name":"Dotti Yasuko Tagawa Reisbord","bio":"Nisei-Sansei female. Born May 9, 1941, in Seattle Washington. An infant when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, family was sent to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, family returned to Seattle, where Dotti attended school. After high school, moved to Southern California, raised a family, and became a teacher before eventually returning to Seattle."}],"query":{"query":{"query_string":{"query":"Japan","fields":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"],"analyze_wildcard":false,"allow_leading_wildcard":false,"default_operator":"AND"}},"aggs":{"facility":{"nested":{"path":"facility"},"aggs":{"facility_ids":{"terms":{"field":"facility.id","size":1000}}}},"format":{"terms":{"field":"format"}},"genre":{"terms":{"field":"genre"}},"rights":{"terms":{"field":"rights"}},"topics":{"nested":{"path":"topics"},"aggs":{"topics_ids":{"terms":{"field":"topics.id","size":1000}}}}},"_source":["id","model","links_html","links_json","links_img","links_thumb","links_children","status","public","title","description","contributor","creators","creators.namepart","facility","format","genre","geography","label","language","creation","location","persons","rights","topics","image_url","display_name","bio","extent","search_hidden"]}}