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"display_name": "Yoshiko Asakura",
"bio": "Japanese female. Born November 29, 1930, in Shizuoka, Japan. Attended school during World War II. After the war, entered the nursing profession and became involved in a number of social and political causes. In the 1960s, married a Kibei Nisei and moved to the United States.",
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"display_name": "Setsuko Izumi Asano",
"bio": "Nisei female. Born March 3, 1932, in the Boyle Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. During World War II, removed to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Rohwer concentration camp, Arkansas. After leaving camp, moved with family to New Orleans, Louisiana. Remained in New Orleans for thirteen years, finishing school and establishing a career as a microbiologist. Eventually returned to Los Angeles.",
"generation": "Nisei",
"birth_location": "Los Angeles, California",
"b_date": "1922-03-03T00:00:00"
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"display_name": "George Azumano",
"bio": "Nisei male. Born June 9, 1918, in Portland, Oregon. Grew up in Portland where parents ran a hotel and grocery business. Was drafted into the army prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and was transferred to the army reserves. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After the war, returned to Portland and established a successful travel agency.",
"generation": "Nisei",
"d_date": "2013-12-09T00:00:00",
"birth_location": "Portland, Oregon",
"b_date": "1918-06-09T00:00:00"
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"display_name": "Peggie Nishimura Bain",
"bio": "Nisei female. Born March 31, 1909, in Vashon Island, Washington. Raised in Vashon Island and Des Moines, Washington, before being removed with her two children to the Pinedale Assembly Center, California. Later transferred to Tule Lake concentration camp, California, and Minidoka, Idaho, before resettling in Chicago, Illinois. Lived and worked in Chicago before eventually returning to Seattle, Washington.",
"generation": "Nisei",
"d_date": "2008-06-30T00:00:00",
"birth_location": "Vashon Island, Washington",
"b_date": "1909-03-31T00:00:00"
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"display_name": "Sarah Baker",
"bio": "Brent Seto and Bill Tashima interviewed Sarah E. Baker. Baker was a four-time Chapter president from 2016-2019, two-time National JACL Vice-President from 2018-2022, local activist, community organizer, actor/dancer/director who balanced these tasks while working full time and being a full-time undergraduate/graduate student. Baker organized two community-wide gatherings to support API LGBTQ+ youth and families, galvanized Seattle JACL to oppose the Muslim Travel Ban, planned the PNWDC National Youth/Student Council activities, and much more.",
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"display_name": "Dennis Bambauer",
"bio": "Male of Japanese and French-Irish descent. Born October 7, 1934, in Los Angeles, California. As a child, resided in the Children's Home Society Orphanage in Los Angeles. During World War II, was transferred to Manzanar concentration camp's \"Children's Village\" for orphans. Was adopted out of camp by a family from Bishop, California. Eventually became a teacher.",
"generation": "Nisei",
"d_date": "2019-05-12T00:00:00",
"birth_location": "Los Angeles, California",
"b_date": "1934-10-07T00:00:00"
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"display_name": "Kathryn Bannai",
"bio": "Elaine Kim and Bill Tashima interviewed Kathryn Bannai. Kathryn Bannai was the lead counsel in Gordon Hirabayashi's coram nobis case (1983 – February 1985). Among other critical work, she successfully defeated the government's effort to dismiss Hirabayashi's case, which led to overturning Hirabayashi's convictions for resisting the curfew and exclusion orders promulgated under E.O. 9066. Bannai was Seattle JACL President in 1982 in a pivotal period for the Chapter. It was during this period that the Chapter expanded its work toward WWII Japanese American redress, aging and health issues for Issei and Nisei, and youth programming. Bannai also forged partnership with Japanese Canadians to share WWII experiences of injustice. Bannai was the only the third woman Chapter President and one of the earliest Sansei Chapter Presidents. Bannai's Board was the first Seattle JACL Board with a majority Sansei and also a majority female membership.",
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"display_name": "Lorraine Bannai",
"bio": "Sansei female. Born 1955 in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Gardena, California, surrounded by a large Japanese American community. Influenced by father's role in community and politics, and mother's emphasis on education. Attended University of California, Santa Barbara where she became increasingly aware of Japanese American history, issues of ethnic identity and racial inequality. Attended the University of San Francisco School of Law where she honed her commitment to political and social activism. Only a few years out of law school, she joined a team of lawyers working to reopen the Supreme Court's 1944 decision in Korematsu v. United States. Convicted of violating the exclusion order during World War II, Mr. Korematsu's case went all the way to the Supreme Court where the exclusion and incarceration of Japanese Americans was upheld as constitutional, based on the government's argument of \"military necessity.\" Through a petition for writ of error coram nobis (establishing that the case was premised on errors of fact withheld from the judge and the defense by the prosecution), the legal team reopened the case, provided evidence that the factual underpinnings to the exclusion orders were fraudulent, and successfully had the Korematsu conviction vacated, as well as a handful of other similar convictions. In this interview, Ms. Bannai discusses the coram nobis legal team, the support for the effort among the Japanese American community, and personal lessons gained from being a part of this effort.",
"generation": "Sansei",
"birth_location": "Gardena, California",
"b_date": "1955-02-19T00:00:00"
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"display_name": "Paul Bannai",
"bio": "Nisei male. Born July 4, 1920, in Delta, Colorado. Grew up in small mining and farming towns in Colorado, Utah and Arizona, until his family moved to Boyle Heights in the Los Angeles, California area. After graduating from high school, he tested discrimination and employment practices and eventually succeeded in obtaining a job at a bank. During World War II, his family was held in Manzanar concentration camp, California. Mr. Bannai joined the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, and was later transferred to the U.S. Military Intelligence Service. He served in New Guinea and elsewhere overseas, was an interpreter for the Allied Translator and Interpreter Service (ATIS), and interpreted at the surrender of Japanese forces at ceremonies in Indonesia. Married and eventually resettled in Gardena, California, where he worked in the floral industry before founding the Bannai Realty and Insurance Company. An extremely active community and civic volunteer, Mr. Bannai joined the Elks Club as well as many veterans' and other organizations. He was elected to the Gardena city council in 1972, and in 1973 was elected to the California State Legislature. In 1980, Mr. Bannai became the executive director of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC). In 1981, he was appointed chief director of the Memorial Affairs Department of the Veterans Administration by President Ronald Reagan.",
"generation": "Nisei",
"d_date": "2019-09-14T00:00:00",
"birth_location": "Delta, Colorado",
"b_date": "1920-07-04T00:00:00"
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"display_name": "Yone Bartholomew",
"bio": "Nisei female. Born July 15, 1906, in Bedderavia, California. Was given for adoption by her parents to a couple who could not have children of their own. Grew up on a family farm and was one of the oldest Nisei in the Santa Barbara area of California. Incarcerated at the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Widow of Clarence Arai, lawyer and key figure in founding of the Japanese American Citizens League. In her interview, discusses childhood and memories of being married to Clarence during the turbulent war years. After the war, supported the family and cared for the ailing Clarence until his death in 1964. Remarried to George Bartholomew in 1978.",
"generation": "Nisei",
"d_date": "2004-07-05T00:00:00",
"birth_location": "Bedderavia, California",
"b_date": "1906-07-15T00:00:00"
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"display_name": "Gerald L. Beppu",
"bio": "Sansei male. Family owned Linc's Tackle, a longtime Japanese American business in Seattle, Washington. Prior to World War II, father became the owner of Togo's Tackle shop. During the war, removed to the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. While the family was in camp, their prewar insurance agent paid the premiums so they could retain their insurance policy. After they returned to Seattle, Gerald's father was able to use funds from the policy to establish Linc's.",
"generation": "Sansei",
"birth_location": ""
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"display_name": "June Yasuno Aochi (Yamashiro) Berk",
"bio": "Nisei female. Born October 17, 1932, in Los Angeles, California. Grew up in Los Angeles, and was involved at an early age with traditional Japanese dancing and stage performance. During World War II, removed with family to the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Rohwer concentration camp, Arkansas. After leaving camp, family resettled in Denver, Colorado, for ten years before returning to California. After the war, pursued a career as a model and actor for a time, then got involved in numerous Japanese American community groups.",
"generation": "Nisei",
"birth_location": "Los Angeles, California",
"b_date": "1932-10-17T00:00:00"
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"display_name": "Marion Michiko Bernardo",
"bio": "Nisei female. Born July 25, 1930, in Walnut Grove, California. Grew up in Walnut Grove. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, removed with family to the Merced Assembly Center, California, and the Granada (Amache) concentration camp, Colorado. Left camp to attend a boarding school in New York before eventually returning to Walnut Grove. Marion passed away in December 2015.",
"generation": "Nisei",
"d_date": "2015-12-01T00:00:00",
"birth_location": "Walnut Grove, California",
"b_date": "1930-07-25T00:00:00"
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"display_name": "Angela Berry",
"bio": "Female of Filipino American descent. Born in 1979 in Seattle, Washington, but grew up on Bainbridge Island, Washington. Granddaughter of Felix Narte, one of the well-known Filipino men on Bainbridge Island who worked for the Japanese American strawberry farmers.",
"generation": "",
"birth_location": "Seattle, Washington",
"b_date": "1979-01-01T00:00:00"
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"display_name": "Bob Berry",
"bio": "White male. Grew up in Pasadena, California, where parents had a flower growing business. Provided flowers for the Santa Anita racetrack for over fifty years. During World War II, visited Japanese American friends at the Santa Anita Assembly Center, California, and the Gila River concentration camp, Arizona.",
"generation": "",
"birth_location": ""
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"display_name": "Ernest Besig",
"bio": "White male. Born May 30, 1904, in Albany, New York. Founder and Executive Director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California from 1934 to 1971. Fought for civil rights throughout his career, and was involved in the General Strike in San Francisco, the McCarthy Era, and the Free Speech, civil rights, and anti-war movements. Represented Fred Korematsu in 1942 in his case against the United States government.",
"generation": "",
"d_date": "1998-11-13T00:00:00",
"birth_location": "Albany, New York",
"b_date": "1904-05-30T00:00:00"
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"display_name": "Theo Bickel",
"bio": "Elaine Kim and Joy Misako St. Germain interviewed Theo Bickel. Theo's introduction to JACL was as an intern at the National JACL. At a JACL National Convention in Las Vegas, Bill Tashima invited Theo to work with and collaborate with the Seattle JACL Chapter. Theo's focus has been to strengthen communications among JACL members, executive JACL leadership and to encourage community engagement in the work on civil rights and social justice. Theo reflected on one of the most meaningful events for which he helped coordinate which was alongside the Puyallup Valley JACL chapter the 75th anniversary of the Puyallup assembly center, \"Camp Harmony,\" an event that reconnected different generations of Japanese Americans to the site of Camp Harmony where many individuals shared stories which helps with healing through the trauma that incarceration created within the fairground during WWII. Theo shared his thoughts about the importance of the JACL and activism in the fight for justice and eradicating hate created by prejudice. The Seattle JACL chapter serves as a strong platform for making genuine connections with authentic individuals who are committed to enacting social change for the Japanese American, BIPOC and immigrant communities. While many dear JACL friends and colleagues have passed, Theo expressed confidence that the future of the chapter can be transformative in ways that cannot be compared to the past.",
"generation": "",
"birth_location": ""
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"id": "296",
"model": "narrator",
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"links": {
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"display_name": "Kazuko Uno Bill",
"bio": "Nisei female. Born June 5, 1921, in Seattle, Washington. Raised in South Park, Washington where family operated a small produce farm. Attended Cleveland High School and the University of Washington. Was in senior year of college on December 7, 1941. Father picked up by FBI following the bombing of Pearl Harbor and sent to Missoula internment camp, Montana. Family removed to Pinedale Assembly Center and Tule Lake concentration camp, California. Worked as lab technician in Tule Lake hospital. Left camp to attend Women's Medical College in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Did residency in tuberculosis hospital in Detroit, Michigan, specializing in radiology. Practiced in Michigan, Tennessee, Washington and California before retiring in 1991.",
"generation": "Nisei",
"d_date": "2015-10-06T00:00:00",
"birth_location": "Seattle, Washington",
"b_date": "1921-06-05T00:00:00"
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{
"id": "683",
"model": "narrator",
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"display_name": "Mabel Shoji Boggs",
"bio": "Nisei female. Born August 3, 1920, in Portland, Oregon. Lost father at an early age, and mother and siblings set up a family farm and greenhouse business. During World War II, removed to the Portland Assembly Center, Oregon, and the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. After leaving camp, returned to Oregon.",
"generation": "Nisei",
"d_date": "2011-07-10T00:00:00",
"birth_location": "Portland, Oregon",
"b_date": "1920-08-03T00:00:00"
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"display_name": "David R. Boyd",
"bio": "White male. Born February 2, 1937, in Seattle, Washington. Grew up in Seattle, where his father, Gene Boyd, worked for the Seattle Parks Department. Gene Boyd was the athletic director for the Collins Field House, and had a close relationship with members of the Japanese American community in Seattle. Notably, during World War II, Gene Boyd donated athletic equipment to Japanese American youth who were held at the Puyallup Assembly Center, Washington.",
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"display_name": "Robert \"Bob\" Bratt",
"bio": "Born in Bethesda, Maryland. During the Redress Movement, worked for the Department of Justice's Office of Redress Administration (ORA), which was established to identify and administer reparations payments to eligible individuals. From 1988 to 1992, was Administrator for the Office of Redress Administration as well as Executive Officer for the Civil Rights and Criminal Division. After retiring from the Department of Justice, worked in the private sector for SAIC, Unisys, then with DLA Piper LLP.",
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"display_name": "Bill Braye",
"bio": "Male of Spanish and Irish descent. Born March 31, 1917, in Santa Monica, California. Moved to Salinas, California, as a teenager, and enlisted in the military. Stationed in the Philippines when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, and was captured by the Japanese military. Forced on the infamous Bataan Death March in 1942 and held as a prisoner of war until 1945, when he was released and returned to the United States.",
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"d_date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00",
"birth_location": "Santa Monica, California",
"b_date": "1917-03-31T00:00:00"
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"display_name": "Nikki Bridges",
"bio": "Nisei female. Born February 2, 1911, and grew up in California. During World War II, removed to the Poston (Colorado River) concentration camp, Arizona. After leaving camp, worked in the War Relocation Authority office in San Francisco.",
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"d_date": "2003-02-07T00:00:00",
"birth_location": "",
"b_date": "1923-02-11T00:00:00"
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"display_name": "Harold \"Hal\" Champeness",
"bio": "White male. Born in 1923. Grew up on Bainbridge Island, Washington. Joined the navy during World War II and eventually returned to Bainbridge.",
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"d_date": "2014-04-10T00:00:00",
"birth_location": "",
"b_date": "1923-01-01T00:00:00"
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"id": "175",
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"display_name": "Connie Thorson Chandler",
"bio": "White female. Born 1938 in Denver, Colorado. Father worked for the Bureau of Reclamation at the time WWII broke out, so family lived in Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho, in 1942. Mrs. Chandler was a child at the time, and attended elementary school in Minidoka. Moved to Twin Falls for junior high and high school years before attending the University of Washington. Lives on Lopez Island, Washington, spending part of the year in a small community in Honduras.",
"generation": "",
"birth_location": "Denver, Colorado",
"b_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"
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